2019八年级英语上册 Unit 3《Our Hobbies》词汇精讲精练 （新版）仁爱版.doc

1UnitUnit 3 3 OurOur HobbiesHobbies词汇精讲精练词汇精讲精练 词汇精讲词汇精讲1.1. hobbyhobby hobby 作名词，意为“兴趣；爱好” 。例如：His hobby is fishing. 他的爱好是钓鱼。One of my hobbies is painting. 我的业余爱好之一是画画。 【拓展】 其他表达喜好的句型：enjoy sth./doing sth. be keen on sth./doing sth. be into sth./doing sth. feel like sth./doing sth. be fond of sth./doing sth. be crazy about sth./doing sth. be inserested in sth./doing sth. 2.2. collectcollect collect 作及物动词，意为“收集，搜集” 。例如： collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币 【拓展】 （1）collection 作名词，意为“收藏品、收集物” 。是动词 collect 的名词形式，是由动 词 collect 加后缀tion 变化来的。 These are my collections. 这些是我的收藏品。 My brother has a very good collection of stamps. 我的弟弟收集了许多邮票。 （2）collector 作名词，意为“收藏家” 。例如： Mark is a famous stamp collector. Mark 是一位著名的邮票收藏家。3.3. cutcut （1）cut 作动词，意为“切；割；剪；削减” 。过去式及过去分词形式与原形相同，也是 cut。例如：This knife is not sharp enough to cut the steak. 这把刀子不够利，无法切牛排。Dont cut your finger on the broken glass. 别让碎玻璃割伤你的手。Face round, please, so that I can cut your hair at the back. 转一下头，好让我可以剪你后面的头发。Please cut out the expense in order to save the money. 为了节省钱，请削减开支。 （2）cut 作名词，意为“切口；式样；剪辑” 。例如：His cheek was badly scarred by a knife cut. 他的面颊上留有严重的刀疤。I dont like the cut of his new suit.2我不喜欢他那套新衣服的式样。Before this play is broadcast several cuts must be made. 这个剧目播出前必须经过数次剪辑。4.4. lendlend lend 作及物动词，意为“借给，借出” ，表示“自己”借给“他人” 。常用结构有：lend sb. sth.或 lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物。例如：Can you lend me your ruler? = Can you lend your ruler to me? 把你的尺子借给我好 吗？【辨析】lend借出，借给表示把东西借给他人常用搭配：lend sb. sth.或 lend sth. to sb.borrow借入，借来表示从他人那借来常用搭配：borrow sth. from sb.例如：She borrows an English dictionary from her classmate and lends a pen to her friend.她向同学借了一本字典，并把一支钢笔借给了朋友。5.5. wonderwonder （1）wonder 作名词，意为“惊奇；奇迹” 。例如：They were filled with wonder at the new waterfall. 他们对新瀑布感到非常惊奇。 Colour television is really a wonder. 彩色电视真是一个奇迹。 （2）wonder 作动词，意为“惊奇；想知道；怀疑” 。例如：I shouldnt wonder if he wins the prize. 如果他获奖，我不会感到惊奇。 I wonder if this picture can be restored. 我很想知道这幅画能否修复。I wonder if you have so much time to do so much work. 我怀疑你是否有那么多时间去做那么多工作。6.6. understandunderstand understand 作动词，意为“懂得；明白；理解；认识到；听说；获悉” ，understood 是其 过去式及过去分词形式。例如：He is trying his best to understand his meaning. 他正在尽力弄明白他的意思。I dont understand what youre talking about. 我不明白你在说什么。If you cant do it, I will understand. 如果你不会做这件事的话，我可以理解。I dont fully understand his reasons for leaving. 我不完全理解他离开的理由。You must understand the gravity of the situation. 你必须认识到局势的严重性。I understand that you will be moving here soon. 我听说你就要搬到这儿来住了。37.7. agreeagree agree 作不及物动词，意为“同意” ，I agree 意为“同意，赞成” ，I dont agree 表示 “不赞成某人或某人的观点” ，常用于交际用语中。另外，agree 后接不定式，但不能接动 名词。例如： She agreed to lend me the book. 她同意把那本书借给我。 I agree to meet him tomorrow. 我同意明天见他。【拓展】 agree with 和 agree to(to 为介词)都表示“同意，赞同” ，但后面所接的宾语不同。 agree with 后接指人或表示意见、看法的词；agree to 后接表示建议、计划、安排之类的 词。例如： I quite agree with you. 我很同意你（的意见） 。 Do you agree with what I have said? 你同意我所说的话吗？ He has agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们度假的建议了。8.8. usefuluseful useful 作形容词，意为“有用的；有益的” 。例如：The dictionary is very useful. 字典是很有用的。【拓展】 useful 是由动词 use 后缀“-ful”构成的形容词。动词后缀“-ful”变成形容词，是一种 常见的构词法，类似的这样的词还有很多。例如：care careful；help helpful。9.9. beatbeat beat 作及物动词，有以下用法：（1）意为“赢；打败；战胜” ，后接人或某一团队、组织等，其过去式为 beat。例如： I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。（2）意为“打；击” ，表示连续不断的打击。例如：Who is beating the drum? 谁在打鼓？（3）表示“（心脏）等跳动” 。例如：I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。 【拓展】beat 和 win 都有“赢”的意思，但用法不同：beat 的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织；而 win 的宾语为比赛或某个项目，过去式为 won。例如：Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱，但我们赢了他们。 Who win the first prize in the competition? 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖？10.10. disappeardisappear disappear 作动词，意为“消失，消散”。其反义词是 appear, 意为“出现”。例如： Dont disappear again. 不要再消失了。Some animals are disappearing because of hunting. 一些动物因滥捕而濒临灭绝。A woman appeared at the end of the street. 一位妇女出现在街道的尽头。 【拓展】dis-主要用在动词之前或名词和形容词前，表示相反意义。例如：dislike 不喜欢；discover 发现；disobey 不遵守；disbelieve 不相信；4disadvantage 不利条件；dishonest 不诚实的 11.11. wakewake 与与 awakeawake （1）wake 意为“醒；叫醒” ，它可以用作不及物动词或及物动词，常与副词 up 连用。 例如：What time do you usually wake (up)? 你通常在什么时候醒来？ Wake up! It's eight oclock. 醒醒吧！已经八点钟了。 （2）awake 作动词，表示“醒；弄醒”的意思时，比 wake 稍微正式些，不如 wake 常用。 它也可以用作形容词，作表语，意思是“醒着的” 。例如：Dont worry! I shall awake him on time. 不用担心!到时我会叫醒他的。 Is he awake or asleep? 他醒着还是睡着？ 【拓展】 相关词组：awake to (sth. ) 对某事物醒悟；觉悟；觉察到。例如：Are you awake to the danger you are in? 你意识到你自己所处的危险了吗？ 12.12. butbut 与与 howeverhowever but 和 however 都可表示语义上的转折，但用法上有区别： （1）从语义上看，but 所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比 however 强。 （2）从语法上看，but 是个并列连词，而 however 却是个副词。 （3）从语序上看，but 总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而 however 却可位于分句之首、之 中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。 （4）从标点上看，but 之后一般不得使用逗号，但 however 位于分句之首时，通常用逗号； 位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。例如：We love peace, but we are not afraid of war. 我们热爱和平，但是我们并不害怕战争。He hasnt arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还没有到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。You can phone the doctor. However, I doubt whether he will come out on a Saturday night. 你可以给医生打电话。不过，我怀疑他是否会在周六晚上出诊。He said that it was so. He was mistaken, however. 他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。词汇精练词汇精练 I.I. 根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。根据汉语或首字母提示补全句子。1. He often goes swimming during summer v_. 2. My favorite pet is a cat. Because its funny and l_. 3. Chatting on the Internet can bring us happiness and f_. 4. Who taught you to swim? N_. I taught myself. 5. Look at the young man with light hair. He is so h_. 6. The children can learn a lot of _ (知识) on TV.57. Which do you prefer, reading or _ (绘画)? 8. I think pigs are really very _ (愚蠢的). 9. His face looks very black and _ (丑陋的), but his heart is very kind and beautiful. 10.The movie is wonderful. I a_ with you. II.II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词） 。1. “Jim paints well” means he is a good _(paint). 2. Whats your hobby? I like _(collect) coins very much. 3. He was taking a _ (show) at this time last night. 4. I _ to work in a car factory. 5. Hobbies help people relax after their _ (day) work. 6. I really enjoy the music. It sounds so _(pleased). 7. I felt very _(sadly), because he hurt my dog. 8. Heres some _(use) information about travel in Canada. 9.Do you wash _(dish) at home? Yes, but not often. 10. The teacher told us a funny story. All the students _(laugh) happily. III.III. 根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。Li Ming is m_1_ good friend. He has many h_2_. He used to be a movie fan. He went to the movie t_3_ at least twice a week. Sometimes he rented VCDs and w_4_ them at home. His f_5_ movie star was Jiang Wen. Now Li Ming is interested in c_6_ stamps. He thinks its great f_7_. He can learn a lot about people, places, history and many other things f_8_ stamps. Some old stamps are very v_9_. Last Friday was Li Mings b_10_. He got many stamps from his friends. Li Ming was very happy.【参考答案参考答案】 I.I. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。根据汉语或首字母提示完成下列句子。1. vacations 2. lovely 3. friendship 4. Nobody 5. handsome 6. knowledge 7. painting/drawing 8. stupid 9. ugly 10. agree II.II. 用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词）用括号中所给单词适当形式填空（每空不限一词） 。1. painter 2. collecting 3. shower 4. used 5. daily 6. pleasant 7. sad 8. useful 9. dishes 10. laughed III.III. 根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。根据短文内容及首字母提示在空白处填上适当的单词，使短文意思完整。 1. my 2. hobbies 3. theater 4. watched 5. favorite 6. collecting 7. fun 8. from 9. valuable 10. birthday