英汉对照分子生物学导论 Chapter 0 Introduction.ppt

1/20Yong WangDepartment of BiotechnolgySchool of Food and Biological EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013P.R.ChinaE-mail:A bilingual course for undergraduatesMolecular BiologySylvain W.Lapan Department of BiologyMassachusetts Instituteof Technology CambridgeMassachusetts 02139U.S.A.E-mail:slapanMIT.edu Prepared by&2/20TextbookAn Introduction of Molecular Biologywith Chinese Translation 英汉对照分子生物学导论英汉对照分子生物学导论Sylvain W.Lapan王王 勇勇3/20Teaching ActivityTime Teaching activityFirst part Use English to teach(60 minutes)用英语教学用英语教学Second part Use Chinese to explain the(30 minutes)major points 用汉语对主要内容进行讲解用汉语对主要内容进行讲解4/20James D.Watson etc.Molecular Biology of the GeneReference booksBenjamin LewinGene VIII5/20Introduction/引引 言言1.What is molecular biology?什么是分子生物学？什么是分子生物学？2.What should we learn?我们应该学习什么内容？我们应该学习什么内容？3.How to learn?如何学习？如何学习？6/201.What is molecular biology?Molecular biology:“How does a set of molecules make a dynamic living organism?”The most fundamental feature of all known life is the ability to reproduce and the ability to grow.If organisms were not able to reproduce,life would be impossible.7/20If the cell does not grow,400 kg200 kg100 kg50 kg25 kg12.5 kgG0G1G2G3G4G5G66.3 kg3.1 kgG7A tiger?Youre kidding me!8/20The cell grows before it dividesDivideGrowDivide9/20Proteins are the key playerReproduction and growth are largely the work of proteins.DivideGrowDivideProteinsProteinsProteins10/20Nucleic acids:the information carrierInformation for making proteins is stored in nucleic acids.ProteinsNucleic acids(mainly DNA)11/20The central dogmaTranscriptionProteinsNucleic acids(mainly DNA)RNATranslation12/20Molecular biology studies Molecular mechanisms of every step in the central dogma.中心法则每一中心法则每一步的分步的分子机理子机理13/202.What should we learn?Molecular mechanisms of DNA replication,transcription and translation.DNA复制、转录和转译的分子机理。复制、转录和转译的分子机理。Molecular mechanisms oftranscriptional andtranslational regulation.转录与转译转录与转译调控调控的分子机理。的分子机理。Molecular mechanismsof DNA recombinationand mutation repair etc.DNA重组与突变修复等的分子机理。重组与突变修复等的分子机理。14/203.How to learn?Because we have so many things to learn,it is very easy to get lost in these details,and so before we begin to study,we need some guiding principles to give a sense of order to many of these details.因为我们有这么多内因为我们有这么多内容要学，而一旦深入容要学，而一旦深入到细节中又很容易迷到细节中又很容易迷失方向，因此在开始失方向，因此在开始学习之前，我们需要学习之前，我们需要一些指导原则来帮助一些指导原则来帮助梳理这些细节内容。梳理这些细节内容。15/20The guiding principles/指导原则指导原则1)Evolution /进化进化2)Physics /物理学物理学3)Available resources 可利用资源可利用资源16/201)Evolution/进化进化All life forms are the product of evolution.Lifes complexity is the accumulation of small advantageous changes over long periods of time.所有生命形式都是进所有生命形式都是进化的产物。化的产物。生命的复杂性是在漫生命的复杂性是在漫长的时间里一点一滴长的时间里一点一滴地积累了小的有利变地积累了小的有利变化的结果。化的结果。17/202)Physics/物理学物理学Like all matter,the molecules that make life are subject to the laws of physics.Cell needs to obtain energy from its environment to keep its order.像所有物质一样，组像所有物质一样，组成生命的分子也服从成生命的分子也服从物理学定律。物理学定律。细胞需要从环境中获细胞需要从环境中获取能量来保持有序性。取能量来保持有序性。18/203)Available resources/可利用的资源可利用的资源Cells are limited by the resources available in their environments.Many cellular mechanisms are shaped by a need to be efficient.细胞受到它们环境中细胞受到它们环境中可利用资源的限制。可利用资源的限制。许多细胞机理是为了许多细胞机理是为了有效地使用资源而塑有效地使用资源而塑造出来的。造出来的。19/20Please dont complain about“too many mechanisms”E.coli:“I like using glucose.Yet I have only lactose now.I have to have the mechanism for utilizing lactose.”E.coli:“Sometimes both glucose and lactose are not available.Then,what do I live on?Dont worry,I have the mechanisms to use 20/20A wonderful molecular world!