2020-2021学年北京市东城区高二（上）期末考试英语试卷（附答案详解）.docx

2020-2021学年北京市东城区高二（上）期末考试英语试卷On a freezing January morning, Jonny Benjamin, then a 20-year-old college student, climbed on the edge of Waterloo Bridge in London. That morning, Jonny from a mental health hospital, where he*d been diagnosed (诊曲i) with a severe disease. He headed straight to the ，convinced that hisdisease was a life sentence.Hundreds of people passed by. Only one man called Neil Laybourn, then 25, (3) and quietly walked to Jonny's side.“You're alright, man? Why are you sitting on a bridge?, A. called A. bridge A. nervously A. out A. passion A. walked A. in case A. kind A. friend A. Afraid A. shared A. courageAt first Jonny wanted Neil to leave him (4), but something in Neifs calm, down-to-earthmanner touched him. Jonny felt ，like he could talk to him."It's cold here. Why not have some coffee in a warm cafe? Everything will be OK." For the first time after the diagnosis Jonny felt perhaps it really might. He (6) back.The police, having received calls from passers-by, were waiting there. They quickly put him into a police car, (7) he was to panic and jump. He lost sight of Neil, the person who'd brought him hope.Jonny ended up back in hospital. Eventually, he was (8) enough to return to university and finish his degree. Over the next six years, Jonny often thought about the (9) who had talked him round. (10) to thank him in person, he posted a Facebook message nicknaming the good man Mike. His Find-Mike post was (11) millions of times around the world, as far as Canada.Jonny was overexcited when Neil called him two weeks after his post. They had a reunion, finally having that coffee they had first planned all those years ago.“Many people walked past, but because of Neil's (12) and sympathy, I ve lived a good life.” Jonny said.C. escapedC. collegeC. anxiouslyC. asideC. powerC. leanedC. so thatC. wellC. strangerC. SurprisedC. openedC. patienceB. heardB. hotelB. bravelyB. aloneB. happinessB. climbedB. now thatB. cleverB. doctorB. AshamedB. praisedB. kindnessD. recoveredD. clinicD. calmlyD. offD. fa汕D. returnedD. even thoughD. oldD. policemanD. EagerD. publishedD. devotionB.praised表扬；C opened打开；D.published发表。根据as far as Canadan可知，乔尼的帖子在 网络上被分享了很多次。故选A项。12.句意:许多人走了过去，但因为尼尔的善良和同情，我现在过得很好。A. courage勇气;B. kindness 善良；C. patience 耐心；D. devotion 奉献。根据文章第二段"Only one man called Neil Laybourn, then 25, （3） and quietly walked to Jonny's side.可知，在众多行人中，只有尼尔停了下来并与乔 尼谈心，他的举动救了乔尼的命，因此他是善良的。故选B项。1316.【答案】D、B、A、D【解析】1.根据文章 Foreign Concept 中关键句 u Serving modern Asian cuisine, the dishes take their inspiration from Ly' s Vietnamese roots and Lim' s Korean background.v （提供现代亚洲美食，菜 肴的灵感来自于Ly的越南起源和Lim的韩国背景。）可知，一个喜欢亚洲菜的人可能会喜欢去 Foreign Concepto 故选 D 项。2 .根据文章 Alumni Sandwiches 中关键句 “The place is friendly and inviting, and there are always around 10 sandwich flavours available, so whether you' re a vegetarian, meat eater, picky eater, or prepared for a fancy dinner, something on the menu is sure to appeal to you. ” （这个地方彳艮友好，彳艮吸 引人，总共有大约10种口味的三明治可供选择，所以无论你是一个素食者，肉食者，挑食者，或 准备一个华丽的晚餐，菜单上的东西一定会吸引你。）可知I, Alumni Sandwiches提供不同的选择。 故选B项。3 .根据文章 Foreign Concept 中关键句 “No matter what you order, dishes always emphasize seasonal and local ingredients.（无论你点什么菜，菜肴总是强调当季和当地的食材。）；Alumni Sandwiches 中关键句 “Don't miss the Caesar salad, made with whatever greens happen to be in season.v （不要错 过凯撒沙拉，它是用当季的蔬菜做成的。）；Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant中关键句uOnly a short drive from Calgary's downtown, Bow Valley puts emphasis on Canadian produce and proteins, from Rocky Mountain game meats to seasonal vegetables.,（距离卡尔加里市中心只有很短的车程，Bow Valley的重点是加拿大农产品和蛋白质，从落基山野味肉到当季蔬菜。）及Rouge中关键句“The menu here puts the focus firmly on fresh, seasonal ingredients, highlighting their natural beauty. ” （这里 的菜单专注于新鲜、当季的食材，突出其自然之美。）可知，四家餐馆相似之处在于，它们都使 用当季食材。故选A项。4 .根据文章第一段内容 “If you are looking for a place to eat in Calgary, you've got a variety of choices, like Italian, Thai, Mexican, modern comfort food, and vegetarian cuisine. For anyone that wants to narrow down their must-eat list, here are the best restaurants in Calgary. ” （如果你想在卡尔加里找个地方吃 饭，你有很多选择，比如意大利菜、泰国菜、墨西哥菜、现代美食和素食。如果你想缩小自己的 必吃清单，这里是卡尔加里最好的餐厅。）及下文对于餐厅的描述可知，本文是对于卡尔加里美 食的介绍，最可能来源于旅游手册。故选D项。1720.【答案】A、C、B、D解析1.根据第三段第二句"He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return to home driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country.（他在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但 他放弃了一切回到了家乡，他的想法是他需要为他的国家做贡献。）”可知，黄大年从英国回到 祖国是渴望为国家的发展贡献自己的力量。2 .根据第三段末句 “Huang' s devotion contributed to China' s lunar probe（月球探测器）Yutu being landed on the moon in 2013 and the launch of the spacecrafts Shenzhou-11 and Tiangong-2 in 2016.（黄 大年的贡献包括2013年中国的月球探测器“玉兔”登陆月球，以及2016年神舟十一号和天宫二 号飞船的发射。）”并结合全段内容可知，他开发的先进相机可以穿透地壳，这样就可以在不深 入地壳的情况下进行分析。他建立了一个先进的实验室，正是这种激情和动力使黄大年把中国的 深地探测技术推向了世界领先的地位。所以第三段主要讲述黄大年对中国做出的巨大贡献。3 .由倒数第二段 “He began having fainting fits（昏厥）in 2012, but paid them little attention, stating he did not have time to go to see a doctor一 his work always came first.（在 2012 年他开始有晕厥发作， 但很少注意，说他没有时间去看医生一一他的工作总是第一位的。）”及最后一段"Even from his hospital bed, he continued his work, writing letters of reference for his colleagues and replying to questions from his students.（即使躺在病床上，他也继续工作，为同事们写推荐信，回答学生们的 问题。）”可知，他虽然患病晕厥住院但仍坚持工作。4 .根据第二段 “He had a good job and a life there, but he gave it all up to return to home driven by the idea that he needed to contribute to his country. As one of the world' s leading experts in deep earth exploration technology, Huang was invited to participate in the uThousand Talent“ programme. （他 在那里有一份很好的工作和生活，但他放弃了一切回到了家乡，他的想法是他需要为他的国家做 贡献。）”可知，黄大年放弃英国的优厚待遇回国为祖国发展尽力，他是爱国的。综合最后两段， 他患重病仍坚持工作，教导学生，可知他是敬业的。D项Patriotic （爱国的）committed （敬业的， 尽心尽力的）非常准确地形容黄大年。2124.【答案】A、B、C、C【解析】1 .根据画线词后文 “ before it's sent to a cloud database and rearranging it in order when the data is needed for use"（在将数据发送到云数据库并在需要使用数据时按顺序重新排列之前）可知， 后文提到在需要使用数据时重新排列数据，说明字段级加密的工作原理是在数据发送到云数据库 之前打乱数据，并在需要使用数据时重新排列数据，故画线词意思是“打乱，使混合”。A. mixing 使混合；B. collecting 收集；C. hiding 隐藏；D. storing 储存。故选 A。2 .未艮据第二段中 “The promise of the product is to protect the contents of a cloud database, even if bad guysaccessit.（该产品的承诺是即使有坏人访问数据库，也可以保护云数据库的内容）”可知，字段 级加密能以独特的存储方式保护文件。故选B。3 .根据第四段中 u Companies have rushed to the cloud without understanding all of the possible security consequences. Many companies have left countless databases exposed, revealing personal data.（企业在没 有了解所有可能的安全后果的情况下，就纷纷涌向云计算。许多公司暴露了无数的数据库，泄露 了个人数据）”可推知，公司可能没有意识到云计算的风险。故选C。4 .根据第段中 “At the Enigma Conference in San Francisco, Kenn White, a security manager at database software maker MongoDB, will describe a new technique, called field level encryption, to make data safer on the cloud.（在旧金山举行的Enigma会议上，数据库软件制造商MongoDB的安全经理 KennWhite将介绍一种名为“字段级加密”的新技术，该技术可以使云计算上的数据更加安全）” 结合文章主要介绍了一种名为“字段级加密”的新技术，该技术可以使云计算上的数据更加安全。 文章说明了云计算所存在的一些问题以及字段级加密这项技术的一些优势和工作原理。可推知， 作者写这篇文章主要是为了介绍一项技术。故选C。25.（答案【小题 1 】To protect others from an infected wearer.<1、题 2 In the West, mask-wearing is rare.【小题 3 Wearing masks is important and is considered the determining factor in the fight against the epidemic.Because masks will not by themselves stop an epidemic, protect others from an infected wearer.小题 4 Wear masks and keep a safe distance with others when we are in crowded public spaces.Wash hands especially when we come home from outside. Carry out track-and-trace systems and widespread testing are crucial, too.【解析】1【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在新冠疫情背景下，戴口罩能有效的起 到防护作用，各国对于佩戴口罩的不同做法，以及其他有效防止新冠疫情传播的方式。根据第二段的第二句 "But in the case of COVID-19, their more important job is to protect others from an infected wearer."（但就COVID-19而言，他们更重要的工作是保护其他人免受感染。）可知， 新冠疫情期间，口罩的主要作用是保护其他人免受感染。故答案为To protect others from an infected wearer.2 .根据第五段的前两句“East Asian countries, success in controlling the disease argues in favour of masks. Wearing masks to protect against pollution or disease is common there, so people covered their faces as soon as they were informed of COVID-19.v （东亚国家在控制疾病方面的成功证明了戴口罩 是有利的。在当地，人们经常戴口罩，以防止污染和疾病，所以当他们被告知新冠肺炎时，他们 就会把脸遮起来。）结合划线句子"In the West, mask-wearing is alien （在西方，戴面具是异类）” 可知，此处把东西方戴口罩的现象进行对比，旨在说明在西方国家，佩戴口罩是很罕见的。故答 案为 In the West, mask-wearing is rare.3 .根据第二段的"But in thecase of COVID-19, their more important job is to protect others from an infected wearer."（但就COVID-19而言，他们更重要的工作是保护其他人免受感染。）和最后一 段的 “Masks cost next to nothing. They will not by themselves stop an epidemic. But masks can do their bit to protect people and rebuild economies. （ 口罩几乎不花什么钱。它们本身无法阻止一场流行病。 但口罩可以起到保护人民和重建经济的作用。）可知，口罩本身并不能抗击疫情，它的作用是保 护其他人免受感染。故答案为 Wearing masks is important and is considered the determining factor in the fight against the epidemic.Because masks will not by themselves stop an epidemic, protect others from an infected wearer.4 .根据第二段的最后一句 "Masks block the respiratory droplets that carry the virus, so make risky situations safer." （口罩可以阻止携带病毒的飞沫，因此使危险的情况更安全。）以及最后一段的 第六句 uHand-washing, track-and-trace systems and widespread testing are all crucial, too.v （洗手、 追踪系统和广泛的检测也都很重要。）可知，佩戴口罩，洗手，追踪系统，广泛的检测都是重要 的疫情防控措施。故答案为 Wear masks and keep a safe distance with others when we are in crowded public spaces. Wash hands especially when we come home from outside. Carry out track-and-trace systems and widespread testing are crucial, too.26 .【答案】【小题1】 meanings【小题2】 making【小题3】is considered【解析】L句意：在不同文化中，“0K”的手势有不同的意思。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里 考查可数名词复数形式被“different”修饰，作“has”的宾语。故填meanings。2 .句意：然而，在巴西和德国，你要避免做这个手势，因为它被认为是不礼貌的。根据句子结构 和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配"avoiddoing”表示“避免做某事"，主语you和make构成逻辑 上的主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填making。3 .句意同上。根据句了一结构和意思可知，主语it和consider构成被动关系，句子描述一般事实， 用一般现在时，因此本句用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是“it"，所以be动词要用单数形式。 故填 is considered o27【答案】【小题1】 on【小题2】worked【小题3】chosen【小题4】where【解析】1.句意:屠呦呦，一位坚定且有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，并 且于1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“在具体某一天”对应 的介词on。故填on。2 .句意：毕业之后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。根据" After she graduated ”可知，本句为 一般过去时。主语和work构成主动关系。故填worked。3 .句意：在1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是 其中首批入选的研究员。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用非谓语动词形式，“choose”和被修饰 的词“researchers”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填chosen。4 .句意：开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，那里疟疾更常见。根据句子结构可知，此 处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Hainan”，地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，需要用关 系副词where引导。故填where。28【答案】【小题1】use【小题2】What【小题3】to help【解析】L句意：今天，我们几乎在生活中的每一部分都使用化学物质，希望可以让生活更快捷 和方便。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查一般现在时的谓语动词，主语是“we”，所以用复 数形式。故填use。2 .句意：我们最熟悉的也许是我们在家里用来杀苍蝇和其它携带疾病的昆虫的化学物质。根据句 子结构和意思可知，这里考查主语从句，从句we are most familiar with中缺少介词"with”的 宾语，指物，“什么”的意思。句首字母要大写，故填What。3 .句意：农民们也在农田里使用它来帮助他们的庄稼长的快而强壮。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式短语“use them”作目的状语。故填to help。29 【答案】【小题1】overcome【小题2】Thanks to【小题3】 break down【小题4comfort【小题5】 available【小题6】involve【解析】L句意：只要你不灰心，你就会找到克服困难的方法。分析句子可知，to do不定式作 way的后置定语，根据difficulty （困难）可知，overcome （克服）符合题意。故填：overcomeo.句意:多亏约翰斯诺的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱。根据"we now know how to prevent cholera"可知，多亏了 John Snow的工作，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱，thanks to （多亏）符合题 意。故填：Thanks too2 .句意：微笑可以帮助我们度过困难的情况，打破障碍。根据"get through difficult situations可 知，此处表示打破障碍，break down the barriers （打破障碍）符合题意，help后用省略不定式符号 to的结构作宾语补足语。故填：break downo.句意：一个好老师能在学生不安的时候安慰他们。be able to do （能够做某事）固定短语，根据 "when they are upset可知，好的老师能够安慰不安的学生，comfort （安慰）符合题意。故填:comfort o.句意:利奇先生去度假了，现在没空。根据"onholiday"可知，Leach先生现在没空，isnot后 面缺少形容词available （有空的）作表语。故填：availableo3 .句意：青少年放学后参加社会活动是有益的。空处缺少动词原形与t。构成不定式作句子的真正 主语，involvein （参加）固定搭配，符合题意。故填：involve。30 .【答案】【小题1】 presentation【小题2】 severely【小题3】 distance【小题4】differ【解析】1.句意：我被要求用英语汇报我的假期计划。分析句子可知，空处放在a后，作give的 宾语，用名词单数，present对应的名词presentation ”陈述“符合题意。故填presentation。2 .句意：上个月，联合国向受干旱严重影响的10个非洲国家运送了粮食。分析句子可知，空处缺 少副词修饰affected, severe对应的副词severely "严重地“符合题意。故填severelyo.句意:海滩离我家几步之遥。分析句子可知，空处缺少within的宾语，表示“在步行距离之内”， 用distant对应的名词distance ”距离“作宾语。故填distanceo3 .句意：他学习英语的方法利我的完全不同。分析句子可知，此处考查谓语动词形式，主语methods 为复数,表示客观事实，用一般现在时。需要用different”不同的“，的动词形式differ”不同于 “ o 故填 differo31 .【答案】Dear Jim,I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to China.Of the two parks Happy Valley and Beijing Olympic Forest Park, both are highly recommended.Personally, I prefer the tou】 to Beijing Olympic Forest, wheie you are able to feel the Olympic spirit You can see the famous Olympic buildings there-the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube. Moreover, the scenery in the park is amazing, with many well-known sightseeing spots.That's why I think the trip to Beijing Olympic Forest will be a better choice.Hope you'll have a good time in China.Yours, Li Hua 【解析】【思路点拨】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回信，推荐“欢乐谷”和“奥林匹克森林公 园”其中一个公园，给对方提出游玩建议，并给出推荐理由。写作时应该以第一人称+一般现在时 为主，注意词汇的选择和句式的准确使用，可以适当增加一些衔接词，以便行文连贯。【亮点词汇】prefer.更喜欢be able to do sth.能够做某事have a good time玩得愉快【高分句型】©Personally, I prefer the tour to Beijing Olympic Forest, where you are able to feel the Olympic spirit.（where引导的非限制性定语从句）That's why I think the trip to Beijing Olympic Forest will be a better choice. (why 引导的表语从句和 省略连接词that的宾语从句）【结构布局】引言：说明写信的目的中心：介绍你推荐的公园，说明推荐的理由。结尾：表达希望【拓展词汇】 开心的：happy/delighted此外：Moreover/Additionally 许多： many/a large number of选择：choice/option【拓展句型】 I think you can make it if you follow the following advice below .如果您能听从以下建议，我认为您 会成功的。You have asked me for my advice about ,and I will try to make some conductive suggestions.对于你来信问我关于的事，现提供几条建议。If you are looking for a place to eat in Calgary, you've got a variety of choices, like Italian, Thai, Mexican, modern comfort food, and vegetarian cuisine. For anyone that wants to narrow down their must-eat list, here are the best restaurants in Calgary.Foreign ConceptADDRESS: 10111 St SW9 Calgary, ABT2R, CanadaPHONE: 403-719-7289Foreign Concept is run by award-winning chef Duncan Ly and chef Hyungjae Lim. Serving modern Asian cuisine, the dishes take their inspiration from Ly's Vietnamese roots and Lim's Korean background. No matter what you order, dishes always emphasize seasonal and local ingredients （食材）.Bold flavors won't disappoint you at Foreign Concept!Alumni SandwichesADDRESS: 72517 Ave S吗 Calgary, AB T2S, CanadaPHONE. 403-455-7257The simple sandwich isn't so ordinary anymore at Alumni Sandwiches. The place is friendly and inviting, and there are always around 10 sandwich flavours available, so whether you1 re a vegetarian, meat eater, picky eater, or prepared for a fancy dinner, something on the menu is sure to appeal to you. Don't miss the Caesar salad, made with whatever greens happen to be in season.Bow Valley Ranche RestaurantADDRESS: 15979 Bow Bottom Trail SE9 Calgary AB T2J, CanadaPHONE: 403-4761311If it's fine dining you're looking for, Bow Valley Ranche Restaurant is one of your best choices in Calgary. The food is always excellent and the setting is equally impressive. Only a short drive from Calgary's downtown, Bow Valley puts emphasis on Canadian produce and proteins, from Rocky Mountain game meats （野味）to seasonal vegetables.RougeADDRESS: 12408 Ave SE, Calgary, AB T2G, CanadaPHONE: 403-53h2765Less than a ten-minute drive from downtown,