英语重点词汇whenwhileas区别详解.docx

英语重点词汇when, while, as区别详解When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.当飞机到达时，一下侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停 机坪上。新概念英语2第7课这个句子由3个部分组成：when引导的是整个句子的时间状语 从句；some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building 为主句； while others were waiting on the airfield 这个是一个过去进行时从句。when既可表示某一点时间，也可以表示某一段时间。在when 引导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是 非延续性的，可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生，也可在其后发生。while只能表示某一段时间，不能表示某一点时间。在while引 导的时间状语从句中，其谓语动词只能是延续性的，而且也只能 与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。他们想晒晒太阳。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典There is not much sun today.今天阳光不多。The sun shines brightly.阳光灿烂。但是，当它们受到描绘性形容词的修饰时，如果不是特指，则其前要用不定冠词，此时的a含有a kind of的意思。如：A cloudy sky is not always a sign of rain. 阴天不一定是 下雨的预兆）。Day broke and a brilliant sun lit up the room. 天亮了, 灿烂的阳光照亮了房间。另外，当sun表示“星体” “恒星”时，它是可数的；当moon表示“卫星”时，也是可数的。如：There are many suns larger than ours.有许多恒星比我们的太阳还要大。Saturn has several moons. 土星有好几个卫星。Because Titan is Saturn's largest moon, it held special interest for us.由于土卫六是最大的卫星，因此我们对它特别感兴趣。How many moons does Jupiter have?木星有多少颗卫星？sun可做动词，晒太阳，多和反身代词连用。过去式：sunned,过去 分词：sunned,现在分词，sunning;We lay sunning ourselves on the deck.我们躺在甲板上晒太 阳。She was last seen sunning herself in a riverside park.最后一次有人看见她时，她正在河边公园晒太阳。Do you like to sun yourself on the beach?你想去海滩晒太 阳吗？It is better for you to sun yourself more.多晒晒太阳对你 有好处。under the sun天下，世上，全世界We talked about everything under the sun.天南地北，我们无所不谈。The fashion-conscious will go for anything under the sun!流行意识将无所不在。in the sun在阳光下，在阳光里德娜带他们到院子里晒太阳。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典The mist melted rapidly in the morning sun.在早晨的阳光下，薄雾涣然消散了。汉英大词典with the sun日出时；日落时I get up with the sun.我日出即起。make hay while the sun shines趁有太阳时晒干草；抓紧时机；趁热打铁We might as well make hay while the sun shines. 我们不妨 利用大好时机吧。初升的太阳可以表达为the rising sun ；落日可以表达为the setting sun。This room gets the sun in the mornings.这间屋子上午可以 晒着太阳。（阳光和太阳的热）2. moonn.月亮，月球，卫星，月状物，新月状物vi.闲逛，出神，俚语露出屁股以戏弄vt.虚度变形：过去式：mooned； 现在分词：mooning； 过去分词：mooned；moon在表示月亮某时间出现等某种状态时,可与不定冠词连用, 此时其前常有形容词修饰,作此解时常用单数。在文学语言中，moon也可用作复数，强调月亮不断地重复出现, 衬托出人物内心情绪和思想状况。.the first man on the moon.登上月球的第一人This was the moment when Neil Armstrong became the first man to step on the Moon就在此刻，内尔阿姆斯特朗成了首位登上月球的人。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典He then stencilled the ceiling with a moon and stars motif.他随后用模版在天花板上印上了月亮和繁星图案。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典He took a walk with her under the moon.他和她在月下散步。汉英大词典下个月有月食。汉英大词典I can t promise you the moon, but I 11 do the best job I can.我不能对你作无法兑现的许诺，但我将尽力而为。汉英大词典The autumn moon has always been a favourite with poets and lovers of nature.秋月向来受到诗人和热爱大自然的人们的宠爱。汉英大词典The moon goes round the earth.月亮绕着地球转。The moon revolves around the earth.月球绕地球运行。It was dark and a giant moon lit the road so brightly you could see the landscape clearly天黑了，一轮巨大的月亮把道路照得通明，周围的景物可以看得 一清二楚。柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典The crescent of a new moon hung over the mulberry in the yard.一弯新月高悬在院子里的桑树这上。A full moon hung in the sky.一轮圆月悬在空中。汉英大词典A bright moon hung in the sky.天上挂着一轮明月。汉英大词典一轮明月当空照。汉英大词典Last night there was a full moon.昨晚是满月。The moon peeped out from behind the clouds.月亮从云层中 隐现。The half moon is hidden behind some wispy clouds.半轮月亮躲在淡淡的云彩之后。In Norse mythology the moon is personified as male.在斯堪的纳维亚神话里，月亮被赋予了男性身份。也和sun一样，也有：月光的意思The moon was brilliant.月光明亮极了。动词，闲荡，出神moon about/around（尤指无精打采地）闲荡，逛来逛去，消磨时光；虚度光阴；懒 散度日Lettie was mooning around all morning, doing nothing.莱蒂混了一上午，什么也没干。My working days were spent mooning round his department, trying to sneaka chance encounter.上班时我在他的部门转来转去，暗中寻找巧遇他的机会。The boys have nothing to do but moon around in the streets .这些男孩子没什么事可做，只是在街上闲荡。Jimmy mooned around all day yesterday.昨天一整天吉米都在闲荡。He's mooning over the music.他正听音乐听得出神。a full moon满月a new moon新月，朔a crescent moon新月Moon Festivaln.中秋节the surface of the moon月球表面ask, cry, etc. for the moon想做办不到的事情；想要得不到的东西many moons ago 很久以前a very long time agobe over the moon 欣喜若狂once in a blue moon极少地；难得地；破天荒地Once in a blue moon you get some problems.极少会碰到麻烦。reach for the moon：想得到难以得到的东西；追求遥不可及的事物moon over sb痴痴地思念（所爱的人）honeymoon n.蜜月;vi.度蜜月I suggest Paris as a good place for a honeymoon.我提议去巴黎，那是度蜜月的好去处.The suite is for the honeymoon couple.、when和while的区别when是at or during the time that,既指时间点，也可指一段时间；while 是 during the time that,只指一段时间，因此 when 引 导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性 动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先 后发生；while则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或 主从句两个动作同时发生。由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用 一般过去时；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进 行时的时候，多用while引导，如：这套房是为新婚夫妇设的。我也只是一颗寂寞的星星3. sky n.天;天空v.把（球）击向高空第三人称单数：skies复数：skies现在分词：skying过去 式： skied过去分词： skiedskies用作复数，表示某特定天气下的或某地的天空看上去怎样。I sometimes see blue skies in my city,我有时看得到我们城 市里的蓝天。a land of blue skies and warm sunshine 一片有着蓝蓝的天 空和温暖的阳光的土地the sunny skies of Paris巴黎晴朗的天空It was a sunny Saturday, with cloudless blue skies and refreshing breeze.那是一个晴朗的周六，蓝天无云，微风清爽。a cloudless sky无云的天空cloudless skies无云的天空The sun rose higher in a clear blue sky.太阳在晴朗的蓝天 上升得更高了。English skies are temperate in spring.英国春天的气候是温暖的。The scientists photomapped the skies by using a telescopic camera.科学家们用望远镜照相机摄制天空星球图。a land of blue skies and sunshine一个蓝天丽日的国度The skies above London were ablaze with a spectacular firework display.伦敦上空礼花绽放，景象壮观。The sky is overcast.天阴了。Stars faded out from the sky.星星渐渐地从天空中消失了。The sunset glow tinted the sky red.晚霞染红了天空。The search lights and the fireworks made the sky a kaleidoscope of colour.探照灯和焰火使得天空的颜色千变万化。The rising sun flames the eastern sky.朝阳映红了东方的天空。The black sky was illuminated by forked lightning.叉状的闪电照亮了黑沉沉的天空。There are innumerable stars in the sky.天空中有无数颗星。已经日上三竿。She skied her tee shot.她开球那一杆打了一个高空球。the sky's the limit无穷尽；什么都可能；不可限量With a talent like his, the sky's the limit.以他的禀赋，前途不可限量。pie in the sky难以实现的事；幻想的事；空中楼阁This talk of moving to Australia is all just pie in the sky.移居澳大利亚之说纯属异想天开。praise sb/sth to the skies高度赞扬The sky is spangled with stars.天空闪烁着星星。blue sky蔚蓝的天空 be raised to the skies 升天了，死了in the skies高兴，得意洋洋 to the skies无保留地，过分地Above him an invisible plane droned through the night sky.在他头顶上一架隐形飞机嗡嗡地飞过夜空。a. When the teacher came in, we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking, the teacher came in.b. They were singing while we were dancing.when和while还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时“；while 表示“而，去'，表对照关系。如：a. The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。b. He is strong while his brother is weak.他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。二、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用； 而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。 Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already? （get为短暂性动词）你已经找到如此好的工作，为 何还想再找新的？Sorry, I was out when you called me. （call 为短暂性动 词）对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the iron is hot. （is 为延续性动词，表示 一种持续的状态）趁热打铁。 The students took notes as they listened, （listen 为 延续性动词）学生们边听课边做笔记。三、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同 时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同 时发生。1 .从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用whenoWhen he had finished his homework , he took a short rest. （finished先发生）当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。When I got to the airport, the guests had left, （got to 后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.当我在花园浇水的时候，开始下雨了。（两个动作几乎同时发生） 摘自新概念英语2P37I was having breakfast when the telephone rang.我正在吃 早饭的时候，电话铃响了。摘自新概念英语2P37.从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时， when, while, as 都可使用。When / While / As we were dancing , a stranger came in. （dance为延续性动词）当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进 来。When / While / As she was making a phonecall, I was writing a letter. （make为延续性动词）当她在打电话时，我正在写 信。He fell asleep when while he was reading.他看书时睡着 ToI met him when while I was taking a walk in the park. 我 在公园散步时遇到了他。若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的 动作延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用whileo如：Don't talk while you're eating.吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing.在他写的时候，我默不 作声。若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以用 when但不用whileo如：When he came in, I was listening to the radio. 他进来时， 我在听收音机。It was raining hard when we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大 雨。若主、从句表示的是两个同时（或几乎同时）发生的短暂性动作, 一般要用wheno如：I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你 要说的时候，我也想到了。注意：1、如主句谓语动词表示的是短暂动作，从句时间状语指一段时 间，when while as三者可通用。例如：Peter came in while /as I was watching TV.当 Peter 进来的 时候我正在看电视。I was watching TV when Peter came in. 当 Peter 进来时我正 在看电视。2、as和when可与非延续性动词连用，而while只能与延续 性动词连用。例如：He came in when/ as I was going to bed.我正要上床睡觉， 他进来了。3、as和while可用来指一段时间，但as强调主句与从句表 示的动作同时发生，while强调主句表示的动作是在while从 句的动作延续中发生。例如：As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks. 当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。四、when用于表示“一就”的句型中（指过去的事情）。sb. had hardly (=scarcely) done sth. when. . . =Hardly / Scarcely had sb. done sth. when. I had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. =Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door. 我刚一闭上眼，就 有人在敲门了。 I had hardly / scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang. =Hardly / Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang.我刚一走进房门，电话就响了。英语表示自然界某些独一无于的事物（如sun, moon, sky等） 通常不可数，一般不连用不定冠词，而是习惯上连用定冠词。如：The sun rose above the sea. 太阳升出海面。Far off to the west the sun was sinking.远处夕阳西下。It is no longer a dream to fly to the moon. 飞往月球已不 再是梦想了。A balloon floated across the sky.有个气球从空中飘过。Too much sun ages the skin.晒太阳过多会使皮肤衰老。They were trying to soak up some sun.