2022年全国甲卷英语高考真题（解析版）.docx

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号 涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅 读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1. What does the man want to do?A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.2. What was George doing last night?A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?A. It's big. B. It's quiet. C. Its new.4. How does the woman sound?A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.5. Where is the man's table?A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner.第二节（共15小题；每小题L5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.（另一 方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时， 我考虑到了这一点）”以及最后一段“He is right （他说得没错）”可推知，作者赞同Anthony 的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。第二节（其5小题;每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Important Things to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette （礼节）might surprise you with some of its important rules.16. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends orfamily - no matter where you are in the world.Chopstick RulesThe way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.17.Hands or Utensils （餐具）In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 18, instead preferring to use theirhands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.Making Requests19. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that youdon't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. 20, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with itsforeign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeThe more time you spend in any given countryB. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsDon't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantC. It's a good sign fbr the chef if you make a mess around your plateNever stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themD. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【答案】16.D【解析】【答案】16.D【解析】17. F18. C19. G 20. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。【16题详解】根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out （外出就餐时要知道的重要事 情）”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant （不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错 误）”符合语境，其中"at a restaurantn对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下 文 u Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family - no matter where you are in the world.（知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家 人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐无论你在世界的哪个地方。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文 u When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.（当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它 们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了）”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的 方式。由此可知，F 项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them （不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置）”讲述的也是使用筷 子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils （餐具）”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根 据上文 “In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.（在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是 非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭）”及下文"instead preferring to use their hands （相反更愿意使用他们的双手）”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只 手的问题。由此可知，C 项 “ Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils （墨西哥人 认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的）”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据 下文 “In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don5t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.（在葡萄 牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大 利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪）”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很 无礼的。由止匕可矢口， G 项 “It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal （吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单）”符合此处语境，其中“request"是关键词，说明，在用 餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选Go【20题详解】根据下文 uthe more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.（你就会 对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服）”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地 习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项The more time you spend in any given country （你在某个国家待的时间越长）”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 21 was nearlyenough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 22. WhenI first dated Steve, I 23 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 24 that he was an animal lover, I 25 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack26, the cat.The next week we 27 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catchour 28, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing （求婚）？ I liked him too, but so29? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.30,I began to fall for him.We31to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in lateNovember, Tilly had an operation on herNovember, Tilly had an operation on her32.I took the dogs out four times a day, andI worried that TillyI worried that Tilly33climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve34his house. All worked35.The three dogs formed a pack that, withcoaching,36Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team37for Tilly.We made good housemates.A year later, much to my38,this man produced a little box with a ring andproposed to me. He did not kneel （跪）down, nor did Iproposed to me. He did not kneel （跪）down, nor did I39him to. That'sonly forgiving40to the dogs that brought us together.21. A. ownershipB.membershipC.companionshipD.leadership22. A. reservationsB.expectationsC.confidenceD.prejudice23. A. fearedB.doubtedC.hopedD. learned24. A. unsatisfiedB.amusedC.terrifiedD. thrilled25. A. predictedB.worriedC.regrettedD.insisted26. A. FloraB.ChanceC.MollyD.Tilly27. A. tiedB.walkedc.bathedD.fed28. A. breathB.balancec.attentionD.imagination29. A. calmB.surec.soonD.real30. A. By the wayB.In that casec.By all meansD.In thatmoment31. A. continuedB.decidedc.intendedD.pretended32. A. eyeB.tailc.earD.leg33. A. secretlyB.constantlyc.eventuallyD.unwillingly34. A. leftB.soldc.suggestedD.searched35. A. lateB.hardc.fineD.free36. A. emptiedB.respectedc.occupiedD.discovered37. A. lookingB.caringc.waitingD.calling38. A. delightB.creditc.interestD.disadvantage39. A. begB.trustc.needD.aid40. A. toysB.awardsc.foodD.water【答案】21. C 22. A23. D 24. B25. B26. A 27. B28. A29. C30. D 31. A 32. D33. B 34. A35. C36. B 37. B38. A39. C40. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来 了解他很多，作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有 所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感，在之 后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership 会员；C. companionship 陪伴；D. leadership 领导。由上文的 “For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.（多年来，我喜欢和我的狗 Tilly 和 Chance 生活 在一起）”可知，作者多年和狗狗生活在一起，可得出狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。 故选c项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B.expectations 期望；C. confidence 信心；D. prejudice 偏见。由下文的 “He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.（他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我的狗）”和 “I began to fall for him （我开始爱上他）”可知,作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时，因 为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝，作者才对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出刚开始约会时，因为不 熟悉史蒂夫的品行，作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗 和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧；B.doubted怀疑;C. hoped希望；D. learned得知。 由上文的“When I first dated Steve （当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时）”和常识可知，第一次约 会会得知对方相关情况，作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太 多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B.amused愉快的；C. terrified 害怕的；D. thrilled刺激的。由下文的“he was an animal lover （他是一个动物爱好者）”可 知，得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者，多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高 兴。故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多 了,我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B.worried担心;C.regretted后悔;D. insisted 坚持。由下文的 “three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 the cat （三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫）”可知，作者认为三条狗可能太多了， 且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫，针对这种情况，作者是担忧的。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多 了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance机会；C.Molly莫莉；D. Tilly 蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora （他有一条 名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫）”可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂 夫的猫Flora。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C.bathed沐浴;D. fed喂养。由本处的“Z our dogs together （一起我们的狗）”可知，作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance 平衡；C. attention 注意力；D. imagination 想象。由上文的 “It was a hot day. When we paused （那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下）”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息 一下,catch one's breath （休息一下、歇一口气）。故选A项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？ A.calm冷静的；B.sure确定的；C. soon 很快的；D real 真正的。由上文的 “The next week （第二周）”和 “Was he proposing （求 婚）？（他在求婚吗）”可知，二人才认识两周，作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚，认为进展太 快了。故选C项。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case 那样的话；C. By all means 务必；D. In that moment 那一刻。由上文的 uHe poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.（他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递给我 的狗）”和下文的“I began to fall for him （我开始爱上他）”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱 犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续； B. decided 决定；C. intended 打算;D. pretended 假装。由上文的 “I began to fall for him （我 开始爱上他）”可知，作者对史蒂夫产生好感，可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A.eye眼睛；B.tail尾 巴；C. ear 耳朵；D. leg 腿。由下文的 “I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound （我担心Tilly爬楼梯会重新打开伤口）”可知，作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly 的伤口，可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会重新打开伤 口 o A. secretly 秘密地；B. constantly 不断地;C. eventually 最终；D. unwillingly 不情愿 地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day （我一天带狗出去四次）”可知，作者一天 带狗出去四次，可得出狗狗（包括Tilly）要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C.suggested建议；D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates.（我们是彳艮好的室 友）”可知，二人成为室友，可得出史蒂夫离开了他的房子，和作者一起居住。故选A项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C.fine好的；D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack （这三条狗组成了一个团队）”和“Steve and I formed a good team （史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队）” “We made good housemates.（我们是很好的室友）”可知，狗狗相处友好，作者和史蒂夫相处也友好，可得 出一切都好。故选C项。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史 蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied 占据;D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack 6 , the cat （我的狗可能会攻 击猫）”和 “The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching （这三条狗组成了一个团队，在 训练下）”可知，起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora,但作者的狗和史蒂夫的 狗相处友好，可得出在训练下，狗不会去攻击猫，结合动物的领地意识可知，此处指狗尊 重猫的空间。故选B项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史 蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking#； B.caring照顾;C.waiting等待； D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation （Tilly做了一次手术）”可知，作者的狗 Tilly做过手术，史蒂夫和作者一起居住后，和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒 子向我求婚。A. delight高兴；B. credit信用；C.interest兴趣；D.disadvantage缺点。由下 文的 “this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me （这个男人拿出一个带戒指 的小盒子向我求婚）”可知，史蒂夫向作者求婚，作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任； C.need需要；D.aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel （跪）down （他没有跪下）”和常识可 知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但史蒂夫没有下跪，作者对此并不在意，因为作者不需要他下 跪。故选C项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards 奖励；C. food 食物；D. water 水。由上文的 uHe poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 ,1 began to fall for him.(他把瓶子里的水倒在手里，递 给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知，就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻，还有所保留的 作者卸下心防，对史蒂夫产生好感，所以是“给爱犬喝水”的举动让二人走到了一起。故 选D项。第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步)40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 41 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线)by foot.On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 42 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 43 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬)to the ancient Silk Road. 44 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental45 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 46 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.In the last five years. Cao 47 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa48 (high) mountain.Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 49 Xi'an to Kashgar on seat. 20,50 (plan) to hike back toXi'an in five months.【答案】41. to journey42. who 43. held 44. A45. protectionmeaningful46. has walkedhighest47. from 50. planning【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个失明的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路 的事情。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一 路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行"，step前 面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填t。journey。【42题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了 三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为 Cao Shengkang,指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决 定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词 decided,所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用 过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知，此处泛 指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a,空处位于句首，首 字母大写。故填A。45题详解】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词 environmental可知，此处应用名词protection,作宾语，protection表示“保护” 0寸，是不 可数名词。故填protection。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应 用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。【47题详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到 达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此 处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用haso故填has walkedo【48题详解