名词性从句中的虚拟语气(共2页).doc

精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词性从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句之中。主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句通常用于"It is + 形容词 / 名词 /动词-ed形式+that."结构。主语从句中是否用虚拟语气取决于所用的形容词或动词-ed形式，其谓语动词常用"should + 动词原形"(美国英语常省略should，只用动词原形)。表示建议或命令It is important that we (should) work out a study plan.重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。It will be better that we (should) meet some other time.最好我们在另一个时间见面。It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English.有人建议每个学生都要唱一首英文歌曲。It is demanded that he should leave at once.要求他立刻离开。表示惊讶It is strange that he (should) have failed to see his own shortcomings.真奇怪他竟看不到自己的缺点。It is a pity/shame that I (should) be at school instead of lying here in hospital.真可惜，我应当在学校而不是躺在医院里。It is natural that you (should) forget it first.你起先记不住是很自然的。必背常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词：形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper等动词-ed形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed等It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time.很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。 宾语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。在suggest (建议)，order (命令)，propose (建议)，insist (坚持要做)，command (命令)，request (要求)，advise (建议) 等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用"should + 动词原形"(美国英语常省略should)。The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator.考官要求学生不要使用计算器。The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent.工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。The requested that he (should) sing a song.他们要求他唱一首歌。常见的宾语从句中需用"should + 动词原形"的动词有：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order, command三个建议：suggest, advise, propose四个要求：demand, require, ask, desire比较动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。     (暗示)He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。     (建议)insist作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health.他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。     (强调)He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。     (要求)在动词wish后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。 一般过去时 were/did 表示目前不可能实现的愿望 I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。 I wish I knew the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了。 过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望 I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。 I wish that I had seen her yesterday. 真希望我昨天见过她。 过去将来时 would/could do 表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望 I wish you would stay an hour longer.  我希望你再呆一个小时。 I wish it could stop raining. 但愿雨能停。由于wish和hope的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈述语气。The students hope that their football team will win the game.学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。     (可能实现)I wish I could see him now.     我希望现在就能看到他。     (不可能实现) 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用"should + 动词原形"结构。My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only.按照要求作文必须单面誊写。It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year.我的愿望是所有家庭成员一年团圆一次。The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable.教育要改革的建议是合理的。必背表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有：advice建议desire愿望idea意见order命令request请求demand要求decision决定motion提议proposal提议regulation规章requirement要求suggestion建议专心-专注-专业