高考英语：非谓语动词：动词不定式的构成 2.docx
非谓语动词：动词不定式的功能动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的性质，在句中可以作主语, 宾语，表语，定语，状语和补语。.动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数。To go shopping today is a good idea.今天去购物是个好主意。To finish the task in one day is difficult. 要在一天内完成 这项任务是困难的。当用作主语的动词不定式较长，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻, 往往用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。It is important to learn English well. 学好英语彳艮重要。It is necessary to take exercise every day. 每天锻炼是必要的1 .动词不定式作宾语一些及物动词，动词短语需要用不定式作宾语，动词不定式也可以 作介词的宾语。跟动词不定式作宾语有很多，常见的动词有：表示希望的动词：wish, hope, expect表示同意，允诺的动词：agree, promise, undertake表示想要，试图的动词：want, plan, intend, desire, mean, attempt表示决定的动词：decide, determine还有其它一些常用动词：manage, offer, demand, refuse, prepare, arrange, fail 等He decided to go to Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天去匕京。He managed to finish the task in one month.他设法在一个月 内完成了这项任务。it用作形式宾语：常用动词有：think, make, find, feel, consider 等常用结构为：动词+it+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+to doHe thought it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的 责任。He felt it difficult to communicate with his father. 他感至U 与他父亲沟通困难。动词不定式作介词宾语：常用的介词有but和exceptHe had no choice but to wait.他别无选择，只能等待。.动词不定式作表语：表示主语的目的或内容。The purpose of the sport is to enrich the students' afterschool activities.这项运动的目的是为了丰富学生的课外活动。 His dream is to be a doctor in his hometown.他的梦想是在家 乡当一名医生。2 .动词不定式作定语：放在所修饰名词或代词之后。 动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是主动关系。He was the first person to land on the moon. 他是第一个登上 月球的人。动词不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系。Her mother left her much housework to do.她母亲留给她许多 家务要做。动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是同位关系，解释其所修饰名词 的具体内容。He has the ability to finish the work in advance. 他有能力 提前完成工作。3 .动词不定式作宾语补足语：常用结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足 语，其中宾语一般为动词不定式的逻辑主语。I consider him to be honest.我认为他是诚实的。They don' t allow anyone to smoke in the hospital. 他们不允 许任何人在医院抽烟。表示感官和使役的动词：感官动词：一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让 have, make, let, 五看 see, watch, observe, notice, look at,半帮助help （可加to,也可不加）；使役动词：have, make, letI saw our teacher enter the classroom. 我看见我们的老师进了 教室。The teacher had us clean the windows.老师叫我们擦了窗户。当主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构用于被动语态中，宾语补足语称 为主语补足语，加上不定式符号to。He was seen to read in his own room. 有人看见他在自己的房间里看书。6.动词不定式作状语:常用来表示目的，结果。To arrive there on time, they set off early. 为了准时至U达那 里，他们早早地出发了。（表目的）He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。（表结果）
