专升本英语讲解—非谓语动词课件.ppt

专升本英语讲解非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式一、不定式肯定式：肯定式：todosth否定式：否定式：nottodosth.被动式：被动式：tobedone完成式：完成式：tohavedone1.不定式做主语Toseeistobelieve.Itis+形容词+for/ofsb+不定式结构a.在of sb 结构中，表示人物的性格和特征b.在for sb 结构中，表示事物的性质比较It is good of you to help me.It is good for you to give up smoking.2.不定式做宾语不定式做宾语 v+to do sth 常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,intend,etc.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.3.不定式做宾语的补足语 v+sb.+to do sth常见的动词有;ask,get,allow,forbid,announce,force,request,advise,pray,recommend,remind,beg等Illgetsomeonetorepairthebike.常见的带介词常见的带介词to的短语：的短语：beusedto习习惯惯berelatedto与与有关有关getdownto着着手做手做putonesmindto全全神贯注于神贯注于beopposedto反对反对devoteoneselfto献身于献身于lookforwardto盼望盼望objectto反对反对stickto坚持坚持payattentionto注意注意注：有些动词要省掉注：有些动词要省掉to的不定式的不定式,主要有：主要有：A.感官动词，如hear，see,observe,watch,feel等He saw the boy climb the tree.B.使役动词，如make，let，have 等 he made me cry.比较I was made to cry.4.不不定式作定式作定语定语The next train to arrive was from New York.5.不不定式作定式作状语状语,表表示行为的目的、结果、示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件原因、条件等。等。Im saving to buy a computer.He got to the station only to find the train had gone.6.不定式做表语Ourdutyistostudy.1.Let me _(help)you _ (water)the flowers.2.Though he often made his deskmate _(cry),today he was made _(cry)by his deskmate.3.I saw him _ into the small store.A.wentB.goingC.to goD.has gone4.Tell the boy _ out of the window.A.not to look B.to not lookC.dont lookD.not look 二、动名词二、动名词1.动名词做主语动名词做主语 Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.注：注：为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。(Arguing about it)is a waste of time.Its a waste of time arguing about it.动词动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句形式作主语的几个常用句型。型。It is+no use,no good(fun,a great pleasure,a waste of time)等名词+doing sth.It is no use crying.It is+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容词)+doing sth Its worth making an effort.2.动名词做表语Her job is keeping the lecture hall.3.动名词做宾语v+Ving avoid,miss,put off,postpone,suggest,finish,practice,enjoy,imagine,cant help,admit,deny,escape,risk,excuse,keep,mind词组有admit to/get used to/devote oneself to/object to/stick to/keep on/insist on/be busy/look forward to/be tired of/be capable of Go on to do 做完一件事后，接下去做另外一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事。Having finished the exercises,we went on_(learn)the new words.Though it was raining heavily,they went on _(work).Stop 类似 mean to do 想要做某事 mean doing 意味着要有一个结果I didnt mean _(hurt)you.Missing the train means _(wait)for another hour.regret to do 对即将要做的事表示遗憾regret doing 对所做的事感到后悔I regret _(tell)her the secret and everyone is laughing at me.I regret _(say)I must leave tomorrow.remember to do 讲的是将来的事，表示“不要忘记”remember doing 讲的是过去的事，表示“记起来”I remember _(post)that letter already.Remember _(lock)the door when you leave.try to do 设法做某事 try doing 试验做某事I must try _(get)everything ready before he arrives.Would you please try _(do)that again?5.作宾语补足语在see,watch,notice,hear,feel 等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing，也可用不定式，区别在于：用用动词动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进形式时，表示动作正在进行行；用用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束束了。了。We sat 2 hours and wathed the teacher _(do)the experiment.We passed by the classroom and watched the teacher _(do)the experiment.1.动词-ing形式表示习惯性动作，时间概念不强。to do表示的动作一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。They prefer staying indoors when the weather is cold.(泛指)Would you prefer to stay at home this evening?(具体)I like _(sing),but I dont like _(sing)this night.Singing to sing不定式和动名词的区别2.如果主语是不定式，表语也是不定式.To see is to believe.3.如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词,用不定式。His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.三、分词分词分为现在分词-ing和过去分词-ed1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。a frightening dog 一条让人害怕的狗 a frightened dog一条被吓坏的狗2)现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示做现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示做完的事。完的事。boiling waterboiled water3）做表语时，）做表语时，-ing表示主语所具有的特征，表示主语所具有的特征，使人如何；使人如何；-ed表示主语的状态表示主语的状态 a _(move)film a _(move)child(4)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。A.-ing现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.She finished her homework.She went to bed.=Finishing her homework,she went to bed.B.动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。的关系是被动关系。Given more attention,the trees grew better.She was killed by a child.She died.=killed by a child,she died.C.Having found the mistake,we made a new plan.独立主格结构的特点：1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。1.名词/代词+动词-ingThe clock struck 12.I went to bed.The clock striking 12,I went to bed.The woman came in.her son followed her.The woman coming in,her son followed her.2.名词/代词+动词-edWork is done.We went to bed.Work done,we went home.Enough time is given.He will do better.Enough time given,he will do better.1._,Istretchedmyhandoutforit.A.Isawthebook B.Thebookwasontheshell C.SeeingthebooklyingonthedeskD.Lyingonthedesk2.Weather_,well go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting3.The soldier rushed into the room,his right hand _ a gun and his face _ with sweat.A held;covered B.holding;coveringC.holding;covered D.held;covering