高一英语必修一unit4定语从句.ppt

TheAttributiveClause定语从句定语从句(一一)简单句基本类型主谓宾我们每天学习英语.我喜欢他。他们正在吃饭。小明讨厌猪。主谓我们每天都认真学习。他们在工厂工作。她住在中国。主系表他是个学生。我感觉不舒服。它闻起来很香。主谓双宾他给我一本书。妈妈送了他一支笔。give sb sthsend sb sth系动词（be动词，感官动词）常见的系动词有be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,grow,turn,become,stay,seem等Things change.Nobody went.We never beat children.My sister will fix everything.Mr.Turner is an artist.She became a lawyer.He gave his sister a book.Ill write you a long letter.I found the book easy.Ill let him go.主谓主谓主谓宾主谓宾主系表主谓双宾主系表主谓双宾主谓宾宾补Attribute(定语定语)1.Heisanhonestboy.2.Weloveourcountry.4.Sheisabeautifulgirl.修饰；限定修饰；限定honestour找出下列句中的定语。找出下列句中的定语。beautiful Thepositionsoftheattribute:（定语的位置）（定语的位置）1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Sheisagirlwithlonghair.3.Sheisagirlwhoisbeautiful.通常情况下，通常情况下，单个词单个词作定语时要放作定语时要放于被修饰词的于被修饰词的前面前面，短语或从句短语或从句作作定语时要放于被修饰词的定语时要放于被修饰词的后面后面。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：定语从句（句意：“的的”）被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词先行词 ”。引导定语从句的词叫引导定语从句的词叫“关系词关系词 ”。HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.定语从句定语从句先行词先行词关系代词关系代词关系词关系词关系副词关系副词:where when why定语从句定语从句关系代词：关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that定语从句的位置定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后被修饰词之后。e.g.Thisisthecarwhich he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词(antecedent)(relative pronoun)(the attributive clause)Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?The boy(whom)she loved died in the war.I like those books whose topics are about history.The book(which)I gave you was worth$10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.She is the pop star(that)I want to see very much.Quiz1.A machine that can fly is a _.2.An animal which catches mice is a _.3.An object that we need to buy things with is the _.4.A software which we use to chat with friends online is the _.5.A mouse that has a large pocket is a _.planekangarooQQmoneycat1.引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。关系词的三个作用关系词的三个作用:确定关系代词的步骤确定关系代词的步骤1.先找先行词，先找先行词，2.看先行词指的是人还是物。看先行词指的是人还是物。3.看关系词在从句中充当的成分看关系词在从句中充当的成分。指代内容指代内容所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略thatwhichwhowhomwhose关系代词的用法关系代词的用法人；物人；物物物人人人人(人人/物物)的的主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语主语主语,宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省可省不可省不可省1.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。语，做宾语时常可省略。1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.2)Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.3)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.4)Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.2.that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指；指物时，相当于物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。1)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?2)Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.3)Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.4)YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.3.who指人，作主语或宾语指人，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省作宾语可省略）略）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.4.whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语(作宾语可省略，如作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.5.whose在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指多指人，也可指物，指物时可与物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。互换使用。1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.2)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.3)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirlinourclass?Herhairisveryshort.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.that和和which在指物的情况下一般都在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用而不用which。(1)限制性定语从句中先行词为限制性定语从句中先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,little,some等不定代词指物时。等不定代词指物时。(something用用that或或which均可均可)Haveyoutakendowneverything thatMr.Lisaid?Thereseemstobenothing thatisimpossibletohimintheworld.(2)Therebe句型中用句型中用that。ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.Thisisthefirsttime(that)IaminBeijing.(4)先行词是先行词是who或或which引导的主句。引导的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?(5)当先行词既有人又有物。当先行词既有人又有物。Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.(6)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,thelast,just,right等修饰。等修饰。Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)紧跟介词作宾语紧跟介词作宾语Therearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(2)在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(3)作定语作定语Hemaybelate,inwhichcase,weshouldwaitforhim.一般用一般用which而不用而不用that的情况。的情况。当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是who时，只能用时，只能用that。e.g.Whoisthegirlthatisstandingoverthere?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用能用who或者或者whom。e.g.Ihaveason,whoisreallylovelyandinteresting.Thereare40studentsintheclass,mostofwhomareboys.修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that和和who,whom的区分。的区分。Beijingisthecity_hasgotthechancetohostthe2008OlympicGames.which/that用合适的关系代词填空。用合适的关系代词填空。YeXinisanurse_diedinthefightagainstSARS.who/thatHalloweenisaday_isalsocalledtheeveofAllSaintsDay.whichTitanicistheship_sankafterhittinganiceberg.which/thatRoseandJackarethelovers_metontheship.whoReview本课时涉及的要点是以本课时涉及的要点是以that,which,who和和whose引导的定语从句的用法。引导的定语从句的用法。通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么通过本课时的学习我们需要了解什么是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代是定语从句并学会选择正确的关系代词。词。Individual activity1.Women_drinkmorethantwo2.cupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreater3.chanceofhavingheartdiseasethan4.those_dont.(2006北京北京)A.who;/B./;whoC.who;whoD./;/Quiz I:Multiple choice 2.Lookout!Dontgettooclosetothehouse_roofisunderrepair.(2006福建福建)A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that3.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewas_kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.(2007上海春上海春)A.thatB.allthatC.allwhat D.which4.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.(2009湖南湖南)A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose5.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.(2009全国全国I)A.themB.whoC.whomD.these6.Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.(2009天津天津)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever7.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_wassomeoneelsesfault.(2010全国全国II).A.whoB.thatC.asD.what8.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor_dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010北京北京)A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that9.Ivebecomegoodfriendwithseveralofthestudentinmyschool_ImeetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010湖南湖南)A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which10.Thenewlybuiltcaf,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江苏江苏)A.thatB.itC.whatD.which11.Thatsthenewmachine_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2010山东山东)A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what12.Theoldtemple_roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.(2010陕西陕西)A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose13.InChina,thenumberofcitiesincreasing_developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.(2010重庆重庆)A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that14.Theprizewillgotothewriter_storyshowsthemostimagination.(2011全国全国I)A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what15.Youllfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.(2011上海上海)A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as1 Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1Thenurseiskind.2Thenurselooksaftermysister.Thenursewho/thatlooksaftermysisteriskind.Quiz II:合并下列句子。合并下列句子。1Kevinisreadingabook.2Thebookistoodifficultforhim.Kevinisreadingabookwhich/thatistoodifficultforhim.1Ihaveafriend.2Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.1Manypeoplewereafraidtoswiminthesea.2TheysawthefilmJaws.Manypeoplewho/thatsawthefilmJawswereafraidtoswiminthesea.1Itisaboutabigwhiteshark.2Itattacksswimmers.Itisaboutabigwhitesharkwhich/thatattacksswimmers.1Iknowthedoctor.2Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.Iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.1Haveyouseenmybook?2Thebookscoverisred.Haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred?1.昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。昨天我看的那部电影非常令人感动。2.他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。他丢失了他父亲给他的那块手表。3.刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。刚才跟你讲话的那个人是我们的校长。ThefilmthatIsawyesterdayisverymoving.Helostthewatchthat/whichhisfathergavehim.Themanwhotalkedwithyoujustnowisourprincipal.Quiz III:Translation(1)中译英中译英4.我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。我捡到的那本书是小王丢失的。5.我们最需要的东西是时间。我们最需要的东西是时间。6.我最喜欢的学科是英语。我最喜欢的学科是英语。Thebookwhich/thatIpickedupistheonethatXiaoWanglost.Thethingthatweneedbadlyistime.Thesubjectthat/whichIlikebestisEnglish.7.站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。站在学校门口的那个人是我们的老师。8.你知道那个马尾辫你知道那个马尾辫(ponytail)长长的长长的女女孩吗？孩吗？9.我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们做我永远忘不了那位教授上星期给我们做的讲座。的讲座。Themanwhoisstandingattheschoolgateisourteacher.Doyouknowthegirlwhoseponytailislong?Iwillneverforgetthelecturethattheprofessorgaveuslastweek.10.我丢了那本红封面的书。我丢了那本红封面的书。Ilostthebook_.11.你能告诉我你们上星期参观的工厂的你能告诉我你们上星期参观的工厂的名字吗？名字吗？Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_?12.他就是我正在找的人。他就是我正在找的人。Heistheman_.whosecoverisred(which/that)youvisitedlastweek(who/whom/that)Iamlookingfor13.我昨天收到的信是我姑妈寄来的。我昨天收到的信是我姑妈寄来的。Theletter_wasfrommyaunt.14.在接下来的年月里，他们拼命工作。在接下来的年月里，他们拼命工作。Duringtheyears_,theyworkedveryhard.15.那个名叫彼得的男孩是我们的班长。那个名叫彼得的男孩是我们的班长。Theboy_isourmonitor.(which/that)IreceivedthatfollowedwhosenameisPeter/whoisnamedPeteryesterday1.Thenurseiskind.2.Thenurselooksaftermysister.The nurse who/that looks after my sister is kind.照顾我妹妹的照顾我妹妹的那个护士很友善。那个护士很友善。合并下列句子合并下列句子照顾我妹妹的照顾我妹妹的1.ThegirlisfromAmerica.2.Icalledherjustnow.Thegirl(whom/that/who)I called just nowisfromAmerica.我刚才叫的我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。那个女孩来自美国。我刚才叫的我刚才叫的1.Heisreadingabook.2.ItsnameisGone with the Wind.Heisreadingabookwhosenameis Gone with the Wind.他正在看一本名叫飘的书。他正在看一本名叫飘的书。名叫飘的名叫飘的1.Theyretalkingaboutthefilm.2.Ihaveseenthefilm.Theyretalkingaboutthefilm(which/that)Ive seen.他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。我看过的我看过的例例1.Theman_gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.that/who指人:that/who(主语)例2:The boy_ the nurse is looking after is my friend.(who/whom/that)指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略)例3:The car_ is red was damaged yesterday.that/which指物:that/which(主语)例4:The question_ I dont understand is about grammar.(that/which)指物:that/which(宾语,可省略)例例5Thebook_coverisredismine.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.thatB关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和关系代词表示先行词的所属关系，指人和物时都用物时都用whose,whose,可理解为可理解为“的的”whose+n.=the n.of which/whomwhose+n.=the n.of which/whomIamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.1.先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,2.something,anything,little,much等不等不3.定代词时。定代词时。2.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。NOTE一、一、that和和which在指物的情况在指物的情况下一般都可以互换下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一一般般用用that而而不用不用which。1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatChoose the best answers:3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。4.先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。修饰时。5.当先行词是当先行词是who,which,或主句是以或主句是以这些词开头时。这些词开头时。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?2.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it1.Whichisthebookyouboughtlastweek?A.whereB.thatC.whoD.which注：注：先行词有两先行词有两个，既有人也有物时，也只个，既有人也有物时，也只能用能用that。Weweretalkingaboutthepeopleandthingsthatwesawinourschool.用用which，不用，不用that1.在非限制定语从句中。在非限制定语从句中。2.在介词之后（物用在介词之后（物用which，人用，人用whom).3.有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代有两个定语从句，其中一个从句关系代词已用了词已用了that，另一个宜用，另一个宜用which.This is the paper that I read every day and which I find so interesting.4.当先行词本身是当先行词本身是that.The predicate is that which is said of the subject.當先行詞是當先行詞是those,she,he,they等代等代詞時詞時,關係代詞用關係代詞用who.He who knows others is learned,and he who knows himself is wise.知人者智，自知者明。Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难世上无难事，只怕有心人。事，只怕有心人。1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.that,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat1)Theman_Isawtoldmetowait.1.Fillintheblankswithwho,whom,whose,whichandthat.whom/who/that2)Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.that3)Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.thatthat4)Hesawahouse_windowswereallbroken.whose5)Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.1)This is the longest train which I have ever seen.that 2)The radio which I bought it last week has gone wrong.去掉去掉it3)It was a meeting that importance I didnt realize at that time whoseCorrect the sentences:4)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,thepriceofwhosewasveryreasonable.which5.MyfatherandMr.Smithtalkedaboutthingsandpersonswhotheyrememberedinthecountry.that 1.All_weneedistobesuppliedwithfoodandclothing.2.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whom3.2.Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.4.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whatExercises:3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory_youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inwhereC./D.when4.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.A.thatB.inthatC.whoD.whose5.Themostimportantthing_weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Whoistheperson_istalkingabouttheaccident_happenedonHighway104?A.which;whichB.who;whatC.that;thatD.what;what1._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.(NMET2001)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.what2.Thefamousbasketballstar,_triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.(北京北京2002春季春季)A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who3.Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,_shewantedtobe.（湖北（湖北2005）A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which4.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?（辽宁（辽宁2005）A.thatB.whatC.asD.which5.Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（天津（天津2005）A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what6.Women_drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_dont.（2006北京）北京）A.who;不填不填B.who;不填不填C.who;whoD.不填；不填不填；不填7.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,_wasbeyondhiswildestdream.(2007上海上海)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it8.Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewaskepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad(2007上海春上海春)A.thatB.allthatC.allwhat D.which