高中英语语法填空解题技巧.ppt

高考英语语法填空高考英语语法填空解题技巧与方法解题技巧与方法 语法填空语法填空1.选材:200词左右，话题贴近生活。2.命题形式：纯空格形式（3-4个），有提示词的（6-7个）。3.考查内容考查内容：考生在篇章中综合运用语法知识的能力。4.考点设置考点设置：词法、句法和逻辑关系方面的知识。5.分值分配分值分配：共10小题，满分15分。6.建议用时建议用时：8-10mins考考 纲纲 解解 读读10空空6-7空空（有提示词）（有提示词）3-4空空（无提示词）（无提示词）动词动词名词名词：单复数形容词形容词/副词副词：比较级、最高级词性转换词性转换连词：连词：and,but,or，when引导词引导词（名词性从句，定语从句）（名词性从句，定语从句）：who,that,what代词：代词：it,they,him,our,themselves介词：介词：in,on,to,for冠词：冠词：a/an,the连接性副词：连接性副词：however,therefore情态动词，强调助动词（情态动词，强调助动词（do）等）等时态，语态主谓一致非谓语动词：V-ing，V-ed，todo（不多于三个单词）不多于三个单词）（只能填一个单词）只能填一个单词）泛指还是特指句意及固定短语搭配逻辑关系一读一读二填二填三检查三检查（一）有提示词的语法填空的解题（一）有提示词的语法填空的解题技巧技巧词类转换题要先确定词类转换题要先确定所要填的词在句中的成所要填的词在句中的成分分。例1Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.例2Ina_(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto例3Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject.silent技巧技巧1：作表语（：作表语（系动词后）系动词后）、定语（、定语（n前前）或补语，或补语，通常用通常用形容词形容词。dangerousinterested例4WhenChinasancientscientificandtechnological_(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.例5instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith_(inform)inthereadingachievementsinformation技巧技巧2 2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用用名词名词形式。形式。例6Withthelargenumbersofstudents,the_(operate)ofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.例7Herearesomeofmy_(suggest)foryou.operation技巧技巧3：在形容词性物主代词后，：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在或者在“冠词冠词(+形容词形容词)”后，用后，用名词名词形式。形式。suggestions例8Theremustbesomething(serious)wrongwithoursociety.例9Singlesareflocking(涌向)totheInternet33(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime例（）mainlyseriously技巧技巧4：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用作状语，用副词副词形式。形式。例10Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis:noknowledgeis_(use).例11Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.uselessunnecessary技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，可能是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-,im-，il-,ir-，in-,non-,dis-等否定前缀，或在词根后加-less等后缀。技巧技巧6 6：括号中所给词为动词时，：括号中所给词为动词时，要分析句子成分，要分析句子成分，判断空格处是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。判断空格处是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。（一）（一）如果如果句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词谓语动词,就要就要考虑时态和语态考虑时态和语态，时态考虑要，时态考虑要瞻前顾后，同时还要兼顾主谓一致，虚拟语瞻前顾后，同时还要兼顾主谓一致，虚拟语气。气。例例2.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,_(close)my book and walked away.谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语谓语closed 例例8.The young student did all that he could _(pass)the examinations.to pass巩固练习1.Iwasdelightedandwasabouttoacceptherproposalwhenshesuggestedwefirst38_(go)totheWestLakeandwalkalongtheBrokenBridge.2.Peter_(leave)forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidntseehim.3.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_(repair)atthegarage.4.Iwentdownthere,_(pay)mypennyandgotareceipt.paidis being repairedhad leftgo(1)The city has already had homes,stores,and offices _(build)on the Mediterranean Sea.(2)A very strong wind blew into my room.My valuable notes,lying on my desk in the room,_(fly)high into the air.非谓语非谓语built非谓语非谓语谓语谓语flew谓语谓语（二）（二）：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，那么就是非谓语动词。此时需确定用语时，那么就是非谓语动词。此时需确定用 to do（将来，目的将来，目的），），doing(主动，进行主动，进行)，还是，还是done（被动，完成被动，完成）。非谓语动词的形式一定）。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。的关系。注意注意：括号中所给词为动词时括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词类转换词类转换；若；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级比较级或最高级。例12therewasalotofinformationaboutthecityswell-knowntourist_(attract)例13TheotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecouldHejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.attractionharder例例4.The man removed the bags,without _(hesitate).hesitation例例5.Nobody knows what _(happen)if she had refused to pay.would have happened例例6.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children _(play)with joyous abandon.played例例7.The happiest(happy)of people dont necessarily(necessary)have the best of everything;they just make the most of everything that _(come)along their es例例8.The country life he was used to _（change）greatly since the opening policy.has changed词类转化题巩固练习1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid36_(rude).2.Oneofthe33_(bad)giftchoicesIhadevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher3.39_(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjustonly10minutesleft.!4.Itwashis32_(nine)yearofschoolandhisacademiccareerseemedtobeinruins,soIwasangry.5.AsfarasIamconcerned,my37_(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebook.6.Itwouldbe_(believe)thatsuchanhonestmanshouldhavebetrayedhisfriends.ninthrudelyworstsuggestionUnfortunatelyunbelievable His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _ (warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.warmlyBut Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.choice This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature)course.natural 1.若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间设空设空一定是填一定是填连接词连接词 Its also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to _ you eat.This was very strange _ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.whatif（二）无提示词的语法填空的解题（二）无提示词的语法填空的解题技巧技巧Finally,there was a sudden pull at the pole and _ fish was caught.aEach winner receives a gold medal,a diploma,_ a sum of money.and2.2.若两个或几个单词或短语之若两个或几个单词或短语之间是空格间是空格可能是填可能是填连词连词 Write down everything you eat _ drink in a given day.andTeachers sometimes spend much time talking about students to their parents _ little time actually talking to students themselves.John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct _ he needed evidence.butbutThis strategy suggests that teachers have conversations with students to learn about _.3.缺主语或宾语，一定是填缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词代词或名词（多考代词）（多考代词）Suddenly the wall moved-_ was made of trees!itthem 4.若若在名词前设空，一般填冠词或形容词性物主在名词前设空，一般填冠词或形容词性物主代词代词Its also a good idea to take notes of emotions related to _ you eat.This was very strange _ the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.whatif纯空格试题纯空格试题 Teachers should take advantage of the many methods _ can help them learn about their students.Then he returned to Russia to work with his father and mother,_ worked on explosive weapons.Many people said he was a bad person _he invented destructive weapons.which/thatwhobecause例例3.Nobody knows what _(happen)if she had refused to pay.would have happened例例4.His fear of failure kept him from classroom games that other children _(play)with joyous abandon.played语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧（“由大到小由大到小”）1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2、巧用已知，巧用已知，连线画图连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。1.Shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience.2.we try our best,we will achieve our goals sooner or later.3.He was always kind toothers and willing to help them,it moved them deeply.He was always kind toothers and willing to help them,moved them deeply.aIfandwhich-1.给出动词给出动词归纳总结归纳总结谓语动谓语动词词:非谓语动非谓语动词：词：有有提提示示词词2.词性转换词性转换名词：形容词：副词：形容词、副词：时态时态/语态语态/主谓一主谓一致致doing/done/to do单复数修饰名词修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子比较级、最高级及反义词 Many students may feel _1_(stress)because of their parents.Many students may feel _1_(stress)because of their parents.Most parents have good intentions,_2_some of them arent very Most parents have good intentions,_2_some of them arent very helpful with the problem their sons and daughters have in helpful with the problem their sons and daughters have in _3_(adjust)to college,and a few of them seem to go out of their _3_(adjust)to college,and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their childrens _4_(difficult).For one thing,way to add to their childrens _4_(difficult).For one thing,parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face.parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face.They dont realize that the _5_(compete)is stronger,that the They dont realize that the _5_(compete)is stronger,that the required standards of work are _6_(high),and that their children required standards of work are _6_(high),and that their children may not be prepared for _7_change.They may be upset by their may not be prepared for _7_change.They may be upset by their childrens poor grades.At their kindest,they may _8_(gentle)ask childrens poor grades.At their kindest,they may _8_(gentle)ask why John or Mary isnt doing better,whether he or she is trying as hard why John or Mary isnt doing better,whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should,and so on.At their worst,they may threaten as he or she should,and so on.At their worst,they may threaten _9_(take)their children out of college or cut off living expenses._9_(take)their children out of college or cut off living expenses.Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine _10_their children do with their lives.They forget that everyone _10_their children do with their lives.They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way.is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.homework归纳总结归纳总结:从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子有句子,则要则要 根据上下文的逻辑关系根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适，选择适当的当的副词副词或或连词连词。连词连词并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词常用副词常用副词And,but,so,or,neither,while等等However,therefore,then moreover,yet等等定从、状从、宾从、表定从、状从、宾从、表从等从句引导词从等从句引导词-给出动词给出动词谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词时态时态语态语态主位一致主位一致Doing(主动主动/进行进行)Done(被动被动/完成完成)to do(目的目的/将来将来)有提示词有提示词学习建议学习建议：不断记忆，积累词汇不断记忆，积累词汇夯实基础，学好语法夯实基础，学好语法大声朗读，培养语感大声朗读，培养语感坚持不懈，多做练习坚持不懈，多做练习Practice Makes Perfect!根据语义根据语义,确定词确定词形形分析句子分析句子,确定词确定词性性解题四步走解题四步走提示：四步走归根到提示：四步走归根到底其实就是底其实就是寻找依寻找依据据每一个语法填空每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或所在的句子中或者上下文中者上下文中找到找到它的依据它的依据通读全文通读全文,理解大意理解大意总结提升总结提升总结提升总结提升检查搭配检查搭配,前后连贯前后连贯语法填空解题技巧语法填空解题技巧（“由大到小由大到小”）1、通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。通读全文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脉。2、巧用已知，巧用已知，连线画图连线画图、降低难度、铺平道路。、降低难度、铺平道路。3、理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破理解句意、分析结构、大胆猜测、各个击破。4、重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。重读全篇、仔细核查、语法正确、语意贯通。5、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确（注意三写）。三个解题步骤：三个解题步骤：一、一、通读全文通读全文，了解大意，为下一步填空做好准备。，了解大意，为下一步填空做好准备。二、二、试填空试填空格，格，先易后难先易后难，这是解题的关键。要结合短，这是解题的关键。要结合短文所提供的特定的语境（也就是上下文），从句子结构文所提供的特定的语境（也就是上下文），从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。词和所给词的正确形式。三、三、重读全文重读全文，解决难题，解决难题，检查答案检查答案。所有空格填。所有空格填好后，要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍，检查单词好后，要把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍，检查单词拼写，大小写，词的单复数等是否正确。拼写，大小写，词的单复数等是否正确。Success ahead!Thank you!