非谓语动词之分词的用法.ppt

M5U2Grammarandusage分词的用法分词的用法StepOne:Revision(不定式复习）不定式复习）主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式todotobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoingtobedonetohavebeendone用不定式的适当形式填空用不定式的适当形式填空:1._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(complete)2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(tell)3.Theyknewherwell.Theyhadseenher_upfromthechildhood.(grow)4.Themeeting_tomorrowisimportant.(hold)5.Shewasthefirstwoman_thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(win)6.Withtwobadteeth_,myfatherhastoseethedoctortomorrow.(pullout)Tocompletetobetoldgrowtobeheldtowintobepulledoutv一、分词分类v二、分词的性质及功能具有_性质，可以再句子担任_。其中，现在分词表示主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含义，或动作已完成。现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词表语，定语，宾补或状语表语，定语，宾补或状语形容词或者副词形容词或者副词Steptwo：分词的用法：分词的用法分词的形式：分词的形式：现现在在分分词词 主动形式被动形式一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone*过去分词过去分词done(唯一形式唯一形式)*分词的否定式是在其结构前加分词的否定式是在其结构前加not形式形式与与句子主语句子主语的逻辑的逻辑关系关系与与句子谓动句子谓动时间先后时间先后doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendonedone主谓关系（主动）主谓关系（主动）同时或基本同时发生同时或基本同时发生主谓关系（主动）主谓关系（主动）先于谓语动作的发生先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系同时或基本同时发生同时或基本同时发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系先于谓语动作的发生先于谓语动作的发生动宾（被动）关系动宾（被动）关系*现在分词各种形式所表示的含义现在分词各种形式所表示的含义主语 表语 宾语 宾补 介宾 定语 状语不定式现在分词过去分词*分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语v表语，定语，宾补或状语v1）定语vasleepingbabyvababywhoissleepingvarunningdogvadogwhichisrunningvabrokenglassv=aglasswhichisbrokenvabeatenteamv=ateamwhichisbeatenvThisistheproblemdiscussedatthemeeting.vThisistheproblemwhichwasdiscussedatthelastmeeting.vTheproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.vTheproblemwhichisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.v注意：v1.单个分词做定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。v2.分词做定语的句子一般能改写成定语从句。v3.区别现在分词做定语和动名词做定语vasleepingcarvasleepingbabyvareadingroomvareadinggirlvaswimmingpoolvaswimmingplayerv动名词做定语，表示某种功能；现在分词做定语，表示动作正在进行。vahearingaid助听器v2）表语v这个消息听起来令人振奋vThenewssoundsexciting.v他们感到兴奋vThegotveryexcited.v他的父亲对他的成绩感到很满意。vHisfatherseemspleasedwithhisscore.v我的表不见了vMywatchisgone.v注意：vdo+ing令人.vdo+ed感到v(分词作表语具有形容词特征分词作表语具有形容词特征,没有动作意义没有动作意义)v3）宾补v当我醒来的时候，我发现妈妈正坐在我旁边。vWhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.v我想找人秤这个包裹的重量。vIdliketohavethispackageweighed.v我听到铃在某个地方正在响起。vIhearabellringingsomewhere.v我找人把牙给拔了。vIhadatoothpulledoff.v我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。vIfoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.v我看到蛇吃鸡蛋。vIfoundthesnake(to)eattheeggs.v我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。vIfoundtheeggseatenbythesnake.vHeheardsomeonecallinghim.v他听到有人正在喊他。vHeheardhisnamecalled.v他听到他的名字被叫。vIcantmakemyselfunderstoodbecauseofmypoorEnglish.v因为我糟糕的英语，我不能让自己被理解。vIdidntmakemyselfheardbecausealotofpeoplecriedinthehall.v许多人在大厅里喊叫，所以我不能让自己被听见。v注意：v1.后接宾语再接分词做宾补的常用动词：感官动词：hearseenoticewatchfeelfind使役动词：makelethavegetv2.动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做宾补区别:动词不定式做宾补，表示动作全过程；现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示被动概念。分词作状语分词作状语1.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherthreechildrentolookafter.Readingcarefully,youlllearnsomethingnew.Travelingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.(时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntvisitherinperson.Havingfoundthecause,thedoctorswereabletotreatthediseaseandcureit.Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.总结：总结：现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基本同时发生时，用一般体，即用本同时发生时，用一般体，即用doing sthdoing sth.形式；如果分词的形式；如果分词的动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用having donehaving done sth.sth.形式；如果是否定，在分词前加形式；如果是否定，在分词前加notnot，即用，即用not doing sth.not doing sth.或或not having done sth.not having done sth.形式。形式。generallyspeaking（一般地来说）（一般地来说）judgingfrom/by（根据（根据判断）判断）considering（考虑到）（考虑到）taking.intoconsideration（把（把.考虑考虑进去）进去）providing（如果），（如果），supposing（假设），（假设），Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,youdbetterhavearest.2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhisdaughter.(时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随)总结：总结：过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，如果是否定，用间是被动关系，如果是否定，用notdone。分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：1.Pleasetakenoteswhilelisteningtothereport.2.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.3.Thoughlackingmoney,theparentsstillmanagedtosendtheirsontocollege.4.Youngpeopleshouldgoandworkwhereverneeded.5.Oncepublished,thebookwillbecomeabest-seller.6.Iwontattendhisweddingpartyunlessinvited.v注意v1.分词做状语可以还原为状语从句。v2.运用此类句型时，前后主语要保持一致。随堂练习与巩固随堂练习与巩固高考高考英语语法分类汇编英语语法分类汇编-分词分词（09福建）1._nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded(09四川)2._manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold（09安徽）3.Theplay_nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedB BC CD D(09江西)4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced(09上海)5.Billsuggested_ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold(09浙江)6._andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.totireB.TiredC.TiringD.BeingtiredB BC CB B(09湖南)7.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,_inasmallapartmentnearBostonand_whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered(09江西)8._therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given(09重庆)9.Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace,_withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.comparedA AD DD D1.Facedwithabillfor$10，000，_.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn3._toreachthemonthephone，wesentanemail,insteadA.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed4._aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow2.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_foradegreeincomputerscience.A.studiedB.studyingC.tohavestudiedD.tobestudying5.inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed6._frommediareports,theresulthasbeenunclear.A.TojudgeB.HavingjudgedC.JudgingD.Judged7._outoftheofficebuilding,suddenlyacarstoppedinfrontofme.A.TocomeB.HavingcomeC.ComingD.ThemomentIcame8.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbroughtFillthepassagewithproperformOurEnglishteacher,MissWangisfriendlywithus,_fromHunanprovince.Weare_(interest)inherclass,becauseherclassislivelyand_.(interest)Likemanyotherteachers,shedevotesherselfto_(work)andspendsmostofthetime_(stay)withstudents._(consider)ourpoorEnglish,shecomestoourclassroomalmosteverymorning,_(watch)overthestudents_(read)English.Shehasaspecialwaytodealwiththestudents_(sleep)inclass.Shewillaskthesestudents_(answer)thequestions_(give)byherself.Sheisbusywithherjoballtheday._(finish)allthework,shegoeshometohavearest.Butitisverylateintheday.MissWinginterestedinterestingworkingstayingConsideringwatchingreadingsleepingto answergivenHaving finished难题解析难题解析1.When_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offeredD解析：解析：本题考查分词作状语与连词的连用。解题关键是本题考查分词作状语与连词的连用。解题关键是判断动词判断动词offer与句子主语的关系，此处为被动关系，与句子主语的关系，此处为被动关系，故用过去分词故用过去分词offered,补充完整该句子为：补充完整该句子为：Whenoneisofferedhelp,oneoftensays.难题解析难题解析2.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedD解析：解析：本题考查分词作定语，解题关键是判断动词本题考查分词作定语，解题关键是判断动词open与被修饰名词与被修饰名词thecomputercenter的关系，即被动，的关系，即被动，所以用过去分词，相当于一个非限制定语从句：所以用过去分词，相当于一个非限制定语从句：whichwasopenedlastyear难题解析难题解析3.Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.makingB解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词make与主与主句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式故用现在分词的完成式：havingdone。A项应为：项应为：whohadmade难题解析难题解析4._animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.(2013江苏高考）江苏高考）A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.TobaseB解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词base与主与主句主语是主动关系，词组句主语是主动关系，词组baseon意思为意思为“将将基基于于”，故用，故用doing.句意：如果你做决定的时候更多的句意：如果你做决定的时候更多的基于情感而非理智，你早晚会后悔。基于情感而非理智，你早晚会后悔。难题解析难题解析5.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsC解析：解析：本题考查现在分词作状语，与连词一起使用时，本题考查现在分词作状语，与连词一起使用时，主句主语要与从句保持一致。句子补充完整应该是：主句主语要与从句保持一致。句子补充完整应该是：Whilewewerewatchingtelevision,weheardthedoorbellring.