高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题改.ppt

英语专题Strategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)近几年阅读理解命题已从对传统知识掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查对能力的考查。获取获取分析分析处理信息处理信息推理判断题推理判断题 猜测词义题猜测词义题阅读四大题型阅读四大题型事实细节题事实细节题主旨大意题主旨大意题高考英语阅读理解题考查方式是非题是非题年代与数字考点年代与数字考点Wh-Wh-题题 (who,what,when,(who,what,when,where,why,how)where,why,how)高考阅读考查细节理解题：高考阅读考查细节理解题：2017年年8题题2016年年11题题1、细节题的题干分析、细节题的题干分析2、细节题解题方法、细节题解题方法教学内容教学内容事实细节题考查的六大信息事实细节题干常用事实细节题干常用when,where,who,why,what 和和 how 等提问或要求用此类信息补全等提问或要求用此类信息补全句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即 _、_、_、_、_和和 _。时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 一、题干分析1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：Not long ago.My wife,PJ,and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.原因原因72.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A.To take special kinds of food B.To respond to climate change.C.To lose weight D.To improve their health_同同义义词词三大法宝：三大法宝：顺序原则顺序原则二、二、细节理解解题方法细节理解解题方法定位词定位词排除法排除法(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则（周考三、把握解题的顺序原则（周考三C篇）篇）When John was growing up,other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden,carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood,he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction,a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all,he was happier.Far happier.These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”said George Vaillant,the psychologist who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves,others felt good about them.”Vaillants study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant,the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs,housework,effort in school,and ability to deal with problems.28题答案29题答案The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people,five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.Working-at any age-is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility,independence,confidence and competence-the underpinnings(基础)of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isnt everything.As Tolstoy once said,“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love,to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则、把握解题的顺序原则31题答案30题答案（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词定位词是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的一个要素，适用于解答细节理解题。1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等21.What books does Bill Gates recommend?A.The Great Gatsby&The Brothers KaramasovB.The Great Gatsby&Catcher in the RyeC.The Brothers Karamasov&Catcher in the RyeD.The Brothers Karamasov&Crime and Punishment技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。1 wh-细节题细节题二模A篇 The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald Recommended by Chuck Palahniuk,Bill GatesThe Great Gatsby,the crowning achievement of the literary career of F.Scott Fitzgerald is setin the Jazz Age,that is,1920s.This is the story of Jay Gatsby,very wealthy and powerful billwho is in love with Daisy Buchanan.He likes to throw luxurious parties.gather the beautiful peoplein his house.Catcher in the Rve by J D.SalingerRecommended by Bill Gates,mentioned in Woody Allen Recommends What To Read Cather in the Rve is undoubtedly a classical work of the American literature and is verypopular in“Topl0 books”listsThe main character being an expelled student named Holden Caulfield,though he is just 16.encounters many events that tend to preclude adults.Catcher in the Rye is about a youth of 196but it is still actual today.（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点（二）、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词的转换形式：定位词的转换形式：a.同义改写同义改写When I was six,Dad brought home a dog one day,who was called“Brownie”,My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her.One of us would walk her,another would feed her,then there were baths,playing catch and many other games.Brownie,in return,loved each and every one of us.One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.We always felt better when she was around.41.What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?A.Look at them sadly.B.Keep them company.C.Play games with them.D.Touch them gently.sick When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,and at restaurants did not take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.41.Why was the authors mother poorly served?A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was not very polite.But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _ Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of railway tracksb.转变词性与结构转变词性与结构:Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some potential than others,are that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius,he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.66.What made some people different from others according to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community(三三)、排除法、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词。a张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。（2）错误选项的特征）错误选项的特征Other early surnames came from peoples occupations.The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.In the past,smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are:Carter a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter a person who made pots and pans.57.According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.A.owned or drove a cart B.made things with metals C.made kitchen tools or containers D.built houses and furnitureb.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。三、细节题型三、细节题型1wh1wh细节题细节题2 2 是非题是非题3 3 计算题计算题4 4 图表题图表题5 5 排序题排序题 6 6 其它题其它题 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝对，肯定绝对，肯定”(要留意选要留意选项中诸如项中诸如all,absolutely,only,never,never,completely,definitely等等词词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把人，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等名、地名、时间等张冠李戴张冠李戴，误串，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”：_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存正误并存扩大扩大(缩小缩小)范围范围偷换概念偷换概念以偏概全以偏概全无中生有无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问答非所问2018汕头二模A篇The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald Recommended by Chuck Palahniuk,Bill GatesThe Great Gatsby,the crowning achievement of the literary career of F.Scott Fitzgerald is setin the Jazz Age,that is,1920s.This is the story of Jay Gatsby,very wealthy and powerful billwho is in love with Daisy Buchanan.He likes to throw luxurious parties.gather the beautiful peoplein his house.Catcher in the Rve by J D.SalingerRecommended by Bill Gates,mentioned in Woody Allen Recommends What To Read Cather in the Rve is undoubtedly a classical work of the American literature and is verypopular in“Topl0 books”listsThe main character being an expelled student named Holden Caulfield,though he is just 16.encounters many events that tend to preclude adults.Catcher in the Rye is about a youth of 196but it is still actual today.The Brothers Karamasoy by DostoevskyRecommended by Vladimir PutThis is of the best allegorical(讽喻的)novels to explain the different nature(本性)of19th century Russia.Each character is representative of one of the ruling classes.There is the father Fyodor.the landowner who is careless of his land,but greedy in using its produce for himself.Theres Dmitri,who has been passed around from house to house,and hagrown up an entitled but debt-ridden(负债累累的)soul.There s Ivan,who wishes to live moreamong cold concepts than people.And gentle Alyosha,the mystic and religious peacemaker,and theunlawful Smerdyakov.Throughout are themes of love,law,and duty,which makes this one of the best Dostoycskbooks to read besides Crime and Punishment.本文是一篇介绍类的应用文，本文是一篇介绍类的应用文，介绍了三本经典小说介绍了三本经典小说了不起的了不起的盖茨比盖茨比麦田里的守望者麦田里的守望者卡拉马佐夫兄弟卡拉马佐夫兄弟三本书的推三本书的推荐者和故事简介荐者和故事简介.21.What books does Bill Gates recommend?22.Which book can reflect the life of todays young people?23.Which of the following is true about The Brothers karamasov?汕头二模阅读理解 A是非判断题是非判断题细节事实细节事实wh细节题细节题23.Which of the following is true about The Bothers Karamasov?A.The characters come from poor familyB.It is the best book of Dostoyesky.C.When the members have different opinions in religion,they might come to Alyosha.D.Fvodor is so concerned about his land that he is greedy in its produce.无中生有正误并存与原文不符An excerpt(节选节选)fromThe Old Man and the SeaWhen the old man saw him coming he knew that this was a fearless shark that would do exactly what he wished.He prepared the harpoon and made the rope fast while he watched the shark come on.The rope was short as it lacked what he had cut away to lash the fish.25.At first,the man didnt hold much hope in the battle against the shark mainly because_.A.the circumstances were unfavorable to himB.he was not adequately prepared for the battle C.he was too scared to fight against the sharkD.he thought it would be a dream if he caught the shark-“It might as well have been a dream,”he thought to himself.“I cannot keep him from hitting me but maybe I can get him,Dentuso,he thought.Bad luck to your mother.”绳子子短了，缺了他割下用来绑鱼的那一截。绳子子短了，缺了他割下用来绑鱼的那一截。adequately 充分地充分地断章取义事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只只需要阅读符号，例子需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。项核对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。转折，递进，因果等关系。3.3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项summary4.4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,must,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,never,the most,all,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,any,no,completely,none,等。但不是绝对，也有等。但不是绝对，也有例外。例外。5.5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：否一致。如：must,may,often,should,must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,neverall,never，few few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。往被忽视。6.6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及及.I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Tryingto help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival isnever certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I couldlocate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful.A wirebasket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nestsafe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.20172017全国卷全国卷I BI B篇篇 Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams ofowl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might alsoencourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as muchinformation as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure,but sometimesthe spirits of nature smile on us all!The homeowner called to say that theparents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in thenest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by thegreatest sight of all LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to doso.24.What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according ro paragraph 1?A.Efforts made in vain.B.Getting injured in his work.C.Feeling uncertain about his future.D.Creatures forced out of their homes.Para1.Tryingto help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival isnever certain.A项是同义句的一种转述25.Why was the author called to Muttontown?A.To rescue a woman.B.To take care of a woman.C.To look at a baby owl.D.To cure a young owl.Para2 I got a rescue call from a woman inMuttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.因果关系处常考因果关系处常考该题属于原因细节题。利用因果关系把握设题点的位置。该题属于原因细节题。利用因果关系把握设题点的位置。通过题干中关键词通过题干中关键词call和和Muttontown可以定位到第二段。可以定位到第二段。经过分析经过分析“I saw a 2-to 3-week old owl”和和“I examined the chick(雏鸟雏鸟)”得知我被叫去该地方的原因是查看幼小的猫头鹰。故答案选得知我被叫去该地方的原因是查看幼小的猫头鹰。故答案选C项。项。26.What made the chick calm down?A.A new nest.B.Some food.C.A recording.D.Its parents.27.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A.Its unexpected.B.Its beautiful.C.Its humorous.D.Its discouraging.para4.The homeowner was very helpful.A wirebasket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nestsafe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.该题属于推断题，对于作者的态度进行揣测。文章最后一段中第一句后半句“but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us!”还有与第一段呼应，最后一句中“When it works,it is simply beautiful.”可得知作者的感受是美好的，故选择B项Homework1.2017全国卷II阅读理解B 2.周报冲刺题&Practice makes perfect!No way in the world is the best but yours.Practice makes perfect!Practice makes perfect!May you succeed in your studies!May you succeed in your studies!