2023年北京大兴区高三上学期期末英语试题及答案.pdf
高三英语试卷第 1 页(共 10 页)大兴区 20222023 学年度第一学期期末检测试卷高三英语2022.12考生须知1.本试卷共 10 页,满分 100 分。考试时间 90 分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上,选择题用 2B 铅笔作答,其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一部分 知识运用(共两节,30 分)第一节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。On a Saturday afternoon,you find most kids outside playing games.Kids aremade for the 1,with their endless energy and the easy way in which theymake friends.Its not 2 for Kameron,an ordinary,fun-loving 7-year-old girlwho loves to draw out the worlds longest hopscotch(跳格子)on the sidewalk.Butin between 3,Kameron takes time to do something special for her 4neighbors whose children have long since left home.Kameron first started waving to them.Most of them smiled back.ThenKameron decided that some of them needed a little 5.So she ran home,tookher violin and made the rounds.“Can I play you a song?”she asked,afterknocking on the door.Gustav smiled wide.His wife Vivian,who has had muscular dystrophy(肌肉萎缩)for over 20 years,stood 6,and had difficulty moving about.It lookedterribly uncomfortable.Theyve 7 their daily walks with afternoon drives,buteven those are getting too difficult for Vivian.Gustav let Kameron in,and Vivian 8 both arms of her chair and pulledto it.On the table beside her was a photo of her with Gustav when they were youngand energetic.“Want me to play your favorite song?”Kameron asked.“Ofcourse,”Gustav answered.It was the only song Kameron knew.The small violin 9 seriously under Kamerons chin(下巴).She played asbest as she could.Vivian beat her leg to keep rhythm for Kameron.Gustav heldVivians other hand.It was not the performance that was moving,but the 10 itbrought.高三英语试卷第 2 页(共 10 页)1.A.lessonsB.outdoorsC.classroomsD.experiences2.A.easyB.normalC.differentD.necessary3.A.gamesB.examsC.destinationsD.conversations4.A.youngB.proudC.elderlyD.lovely5.A.pressureB.emotionC.ambitionD.pleasure6.A.honestlyB.awkwardlyC.gratefullyD.determinedly7.A.replacedB.linkedC.repliedD.combined8.A.took care ofB.took charge ofC.took out ofD.took hold of9.A.rockedB.restedC.jumpedD.wandered10.A.stylesB.profitsC.memoriesD.adventures第二节(共 10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,共 15 分)阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空,在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ATwo decades 11(pass)since newspapers launched websites,and yethere we are.Big papers have gone under,thousands of journalists have lost 12(they)jobs,and the idea that digital news will eventually become a decentbusiness 13(feel)like a rumor(谣言).The reality is this:no social networkhas come close to matching the success of print readership.BWhile Lobby Boy takes its name from a character in the film,the band doesntwant to be known as anything reductive.But one of the films ideas that everyone inyour life has the incredible power to tell their own story is 14(amaze).“Inmy personal life,I try to remember that even if Im struggling or having a conflict 15 someone,no matter what the interaction is,no matter how small or large itis,this is a story 16 is unfolding in front of me,”he says.CAfter 15 years of working to raise climate urgency,Ive concluded 17 thepublic and world leaders underestimate how rapid,serious climate and ecologicalbreakdown will be if humanity fails 18(organize).There may only be fiveyears 19(leave)before humanity expends the remaining“carbon budget”tostay under 1.5 of 20(globe)heating.And there may only be five yearsbefore the Amazon rainforest and a large Antarctic ice sheet pass irreversiblepoints.高三英语试卷第 3 页(共 10 页)第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,38 分)第一节(共 14 小题;每小题 2 分,共 28 分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIts exciting when your bookworm teen announces his or her plans to be awriter.Rather than bombard them with fancy pens and motivational reading,directthem to a comfort zone:the Internet.These sites are great resources and landingspots for future storytellers.FigmentSpecially tailored for the teen reader/writer,Figment is a communitydedicated to reading and writing stories online.Addictively fun,users can ratestories by whether they made them laugh,blush,cry,or just say“wow.”The sitefrequently runs contests and features work from well-known authors and editors whosometimes drop in for Figment chats with the sites community.WattpadIt is the largest online reading platform,and allows authors to share their workwith the world.Well-known writers such as Margaret Atwood and Cory Doctoroweven post their work here.Teens can find and follow their favorite authors andrelease their own works as serial novels.Teen InkSupported by the nonprofit Young Authors Foundation,Teen Ink is thetwenty-five-year veteran in the fostering-teen-writers game.The magazine,bookseries,and website are devoted entirely to writing,art,and photos by teens.Itsalso a go-to for teens interested in writing and publishing nonfiction essays andarticles as well as poetry.One Teen StoryDirect kids here to introduce them to the nonprofits monthly magazine.Eachissue features one short story about the teen experience,usually from a known youngadult author.Teens drawn to the short story form can also submit their work forconsideration in an annual issue that features a story written by a teen for teens.NaNoWriMoNaNoWriMo is an awesome thirty-day adventure for any writer,but teensmight be especially inclined to join.In November,would-be novelists over theworld attempt to write a 50,000-word(or more)book in thirty days.高三英语试卷第 4 页(共 10 页)21.The passage is intended for.A.teachersB.teensC.parentsD.writers22.Which sites may provide the chance to interact with recognized writers?A.Figment and Wattpad.B.Figment and Teen Ink.C.Teen Ink and NaNoWriMo.D.Wattpad and One Teen Story.23.What can be learned from the passage?A.One Teen Story is a nonprofits annual magazine.B.Figment regularly features young adult writers works.C.NaNoWriMo offers teens a thirty-day adventure around the world.D.Teen Ink is the first choice of teens who are keen on writing poems.BMany parents dream of their children growing up and seeing the world.But Edith Lemay,a mother of four from Canada,worried her children were running out of time to do that.When her first child,Mia,was little,she noticed she would bump into things.In 2018,Mia was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa(色素性视网膜炎).“What it does is that the cell in the retina dies over time and they lose their field of vision.Theres a chance they will go completely blind by midlife,”said Lemay.The disease is genetic,meaning Lemays other kids were at risk.She soon noticed two of her sons,Collin and Laurent,had the same symptoms.They were soon diagnosed,too.“Of course it was devastating(令人极为震惊的).And when you have a kid,you always have an image of what their future is going to be like and all of a sudden,you get that news and you need to erase that and think it over.And it really is a grieving process,”Lemay said.Lemay wanted to prepare her kids for what was to come and thought about filling their visual memory.In March,Lemay,her husband,and her four kids left Canada and embarked on an epic journey,traveling the globe for a whole yearshowing their kids the world,before it is too late.During their trip,Lemay is homeschooling her kids.The family also made a bucket list of fun activities they want to accomplish,so each kid can see their dreams come true.Lemay said her kids are not only making visual memories.Theyre also learning important life lessons,like focusing on the positive.“Sometimes theyre tired and theres frustration.Its difficult.But with the travel,I want them to be resilient.”高三英语试卷第 5 页(共 10 页)“I want them to know that any situation thats hard is temporary,because through their life,theyll need lots of resilience,”she said.“Theyre going to adapt to a situation with their eyesight and then in a few years later,theyll lose a chunk of their eyesights and they will have to readapt and adapt again and fall and get back again,”Lemay continued.Many parents want to give their kids the world and this mom did.24.What risk may the children face in the future?A.They will bump into things.B.They will be unable to grow up.C.They may get genetic disorders.D.They may totally lose their sight.25.What can we learn from the passage?A.Lemay tried to erase the devastating news.B.The travel was not easy but helped the kids stay positive.C.The parents filled their kids visual memory through books.D.The children dropped out of school and were educated at home.26.Which can best describe Lemay?A.Affectionate and tough.B.Considerate and committed.C.Patient and generous.D.Sympathetic and sensitive.CWe all know that eating later in the day isnt good for our waistlines,but why?A new study weighed in on that question by comparing people who ate the same foodsbut at different times in the day.“We found that eating four hours later makes a significant difference for our hunger levels,the way we burn calories after we eat,and the way we store fat,”Vujovi said,a researcher at Bostons Brigham and Womens Hospital.“Together,these changes may explain why late eating is associated with increased obesity risk reported by other studies and provide new biological insight into the underlying mechanisms.”The study provides support for the concept that circadian(生理节奏)rhythm,which influences key physiologic functions such as body temperature and heart rate,affects how our bodies absorb fuel,researchers said.The study does show eating later results in“an increase in hunger,impacts hormones(荷尔蒙)and also changes gene expression,especially in terms of fat metabolism with a tendency towards less fat breakdown and more fat deposition,”said Dr.Bhanu Prakash Kolla,a professor of psychiatry and psychology at the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and a consultant to Mayos Center for Sleep Medicine and Division of Addiction Medicine.高三英语试卷第 6 页(共 10 页)The study was smallonly 16 overweight or obese peoplebut carefullyplanned to eliminate other potential causes of weight gain,the authors said.“While there have been other studies investigating why late eating associates withan increased risk for obesity,this may be the most well controlled,includingstrictly controlling the amount,composition and timing of meals,physical activity,sleep,room temperature and light exposure,”said senior author Frank Scheer,director of the Medical Chronobiology Program in the Brighams Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders.All participants were in good health,with no history ofdiabetes or shift work,which can affect circadian rhythm,and had regularphysical activity.Each person in the study kept to a strict healthy sleep/wakeschedule for about three weeks and were provided with prepared meals at fixedtimes for three days before the lab experiment began.Results showed that hunger pangs doubled for those on a night-eatingregime.People who ate later in the day also reported a desire for starchy and saltyfoods,meat and,to a lesser extent,a desire for dairy foods and vegetables.Bylooking at the results of blood tests,researchers were able to see why:Levels ofleptin,a hormone which tells us when we feel full,were decreased for late eatersversus early eaters.In comparison,levels of the hormone ghrelin,which spikes ourappetite,rose.27.According to the passage,the following may contribute to the obesity except.A.the breakdown of less fatB.the changes in gene expressionC.the increase in the levels of leptinD.the disturbance of the circadian rhythm28.In Paragraph 4,the writer intends to.A.highlight the results of the studyB.illustrate the process of the studyC.present the purpose of the studyD.demonstrate the reliability of the study29.What does the underlined word“spike”in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?A.Stimulate.B.Reduce.C.Maintain.D.Control.30.What can we learn from the passage?A.Eating late accounts for obesity.B.Obesity can be well controlled by eating late.C.When you eat is irrelevant to how fat you are.D.Eating late may impact the expression function.高三英语试卷第 7 页(共 10 页)DAutomation(自动化)was a hot topic.Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread.For optimists,this was a promise of liberation:At last humanity would be freed from constant toil,and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits.But others saw a threat:Millions of people would be thrown out of work,and desperate masses would roam the streets.Looking back from 50 years hence,the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode.The dispute was never resolved.A.J.Hayes,a leader(and no relation to me),wrote in 1964:Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order.Whereas mechanization made workers more efficientand thus more valuableautomation threatens to make them superfluous(过剩的)and thus without value.The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions,and there were also many milder views.But I think its fair to say that most early students of automation,including both critics and enthusiasts,believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.As for economic consequences,worries about unemployment have certainly not gone awaynot with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone.But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation,such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system.In any case,the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways.In many cases,the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do.Instead weve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the machines,and weve learned to run them ourselves.These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation,both optimists and pessimists.So far,automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived(剥夺)us of the opportunity to work.Instead,were working more than ever.What about trades closer to my own vital interests?Will science be automated?Technology already has a central role in many areas of research;for example,genome sequences could not be read by traditional lab-bench methods.Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than replacing the lab technician,but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity,I 高三英语试卷第 8 页(共 10 页)think well just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research.And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton,then surely the science writer cant hold out either.Im ready for my 15-hour workweek.31.In Paragraph1,the writer mainly wants to convey that.A.automation results in unemploymentB.automation does more harm than goodC.the issue of automation was still in discussionD.automation brings in much convenience in life32.According to A.J.Hayes,we can infer.A.automation is more val
