(新高一)attributiveclause.ppt

-定语从句定语从句the Attributive Clause“中学语法教学情景化中学语法教学情景化”模式之模式之 在日常生活中见带定语从句的谚语：在日常生活中见带定语从句的谚语：1.God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。自助者天助之。2.He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。Review:什么是定语？什么是定语？用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词、用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词、短语、短语、从句从句。数词数词 60 students形容词性的物主代词形容词性的物主代词 our classroom名词名词 a bus driver,the winter holidays 形容词形容词 a handsome boy,a disappointing girl介词短语介词短语 frogs at the bottom of a well现在分词现在分词 a sleeping baby,a boy sitting on the left过去分词过去分词 fallen leaves,a man dressed in blue,a boy seated on the leftto 不定式不定式 a party to be held,days to come第一次亲密接触第一次亲密接触定从定从eg.a tall tree tall(adj.)作定语作定语,所以定从所以定从就相当于个就相当于个adj.,但放在但放在 所修饰的所修饰的 n.后面后面定语从句的定义定语从句的定义定语从句的定义定语从句的定义 定定定定语语语语从句从句从句从句:由一个句子充当由一个句子充当由一个句子充当由一个句子充当定语定语定语定语,即在即在即在即在 复合句中复合句中复合句中复合句中修饰修饰修饰修饰名词或代词的从句名词或代词的从句名词或代词的从句名词或代词的从句 定语定语定语定语从句的位置从句的位置从句的位置从句的位置:在在在在 修饰名词或代词后修饰名词或代词后修饰名词或代词后修饰名词或代词后 先先先先行词行词行词行词?引引引引导词导词导词导词?定定语从句的定义和三语从句的定义和三要素要素?Attributive clauseAttributive clause 三个概念三个概念1.定语从句定语从句：2.关系代词关系代词：2.先行词先行词：修饰一个名词或代词的从句。修饰一个名词或代词的从句。/用来做定语的句子叫定语从句。用来做定语的句子叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的被定语从句所修饰的名词名词或或 代词代词叫先行词叫先行词引导定语从句，并用来引导定语从句，并用来代替代替 先行词的词叫关系代词。先行词的词叫关系代词。关系词没有语意但在从句关系词没有语意但在从句中做成份中做成份关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,whose,that which,关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why,关系词的用法关系词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：指人指人指物指物subject(主语主语)object(宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwhowhichthatwhose关系副词关系副词 when先行词是表示时间的词先行词是表示时间的词 where 先行词是表示地点的词先行词是表示地点的词 why 先行词是先行词是reason先行词先行词在定从中的成分在定从中的成分关系词关系词人人主语主语who,that人人宾语宾语who,whom,that物物主语主语which,that物物宾语宾语which,that人或物人或物定语定语Whose,可替换为可替换为the+名词名词+of which或或of which+the 名词名词时间时间时间状语时间状语when=介词介词+which地点地点地点状语地点状语where=介词介词+whichreason原因状语原因状语why=for which先行词在定从中先行词在定从中作宾语作宾语时，关系词通常时，关系词通常可省可省。that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时表语时.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?(9)当先行词既有人又有物时当先行词既有人又有物时.The people and equipment that the company needed have been brought in.1.先行词为先行词为the way,表途径、方式时，关系词表途径、方式时，关系词that(that 可省略），可省略），in which皆皆可。可。I dont like the way(that/in which)he speaks to me.2.one of+复数名词作先行词复数名词作先行词时，时，从句的动词从句的动词通常用通常用复复数数，但，但当当one 前有前有the only,the very等词等词修饰修饰时，时，从句从句的谓语的谓语动词要用单数动词要用单数。Zhang Shichao is one of the students who have made great progress.Zhang Shichao is the only one of the students who has made great progress.3.非限定从引导词非限定从引导词目前选目前选which,不选不选that;Eg.I have lost the pen,_ I like evry much._ I like evry much.掌握几个特殊的掌握几个特殊的 whiche.g.This is the car which he bought last year.先行词先行词定语从句定语从句引导词的作用：引导词的作用：引导词的作用：引导词的作用：(1)(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)(2)在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分在从句中作一成分 (3)(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置关系代词关系代词who,whom,which,thatwhosewhen,wherewhy 关系代词选用的关系代词选用的 两点注意两点注意:(1)先行词先行词 (2)看关系代词看关系代词在从句中做什么在从句中做什么成分成分看图连句看图连句The man _ is Liu Xiang.who ran fastestLiu Xiang is the man _.who ran fastestExercise1:This is the house.I lived in it two years ago.This is the house_ I lived in two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.(that/which)in whichwhereExercise2:a boy，has a scar，forehead Harry Porter is a boy _ _.who/that has a scar on his foreheadExercise3:Which house is mineWhich house is mine?房顶是棕色的房顶是棕色的房子是我的。房子是我的。The house _ is mine.whose roof is brownMy house1.The doctor is in the room.You are looking for him.2.I live in the house.Its windows face the south.3.The boy is my son.The girl is talking with him.The doctor whom/that whom/that you are looking foryou are looking for is in the room.I live in the house whose whose wondowswondows face the south.face the south.The boy whom/thatwhom/that the girl is talking withthe girl is talking with is my son.=The boy with whomwith whom the girl is talking the girl is talking is my son.1.引导词在定从中充当宾语时，可省，充当主语时决不省；引导词在定从中充当宾语时，可省，充当主语时决不省；2.介词介词+关代关代(whom,which),目前没有其它词目前没有其它词;3.定从部分结构齐全定从部分结构齐全,但单拿出来不算个句子。但单拿出来不算个句子。1.This is the house _ Lu Xun lived.2.This is the house _ Lu Xun lived in.3.This is the house _ we paid a visit to the other day.wherein whichwhichthat省略省略whichthat省略省略4.The reason _he gave us at the meeting is true.5.The reason_ he came school late is that he missed the bus.for which/whywhichthat省略省略6 I will always remember the day _ I joined the army.7.I will always remember the day _ I spent with you.on which/whenwhichthat省略省略Zhang Manyu is a Chinese.She is an actress.She is famous.She is from HongKong.She acted many films.HERO is one of the films.Zhang Manyu,who is a famous Chinese actress from HongKong,acted many films,one of which is HERO.改错改错:1.This is the factory where we visited last week.2.The house in that we live is very small.3.The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill.4.Were going to visit the school where your brother works there.5.I love the gift which my mother gave it to me.6.Please pass me the book which cover is green which/which/thatthatwhichwhichfor which/whyfor which/why whose whose 1.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when2.The factory _well pay a visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which3.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there4.I made a table,_ leg is broken.5.A.Which B.that C.whose D.where.4.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A.when;which B.which;when C.what;that D.on which;when5.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke6.This is the hotel _last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayedB.C.where they stayed at C.D.where they stayed 1.I dont like the way _ he showed us to do the job.2.Everyone doesnt like the way _he treats his mother.which/that/in which/that/限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上形式上 不用不用“，”与主句隔与主句隔开开用用“，”与主句隔与主句隔开开意义上意义上 不可缺少不可缺少，如删除，如删除，主句则意义改变或句主句则意义改变或句意表达不完整意表达不完整补充说明补充说明，如删除，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思的意思关系词关系词1.作宾语可省作宾语可省略；略；2.可用可用that3.可用可用who代替代替whom1.不可不可省省2.不可用不可用that3.不可用不可用who 代替代替whom译法译法译成先行词的定语：译成先行词的定语：“的的”通常译成主句的并通常译成主句的并列句列句原因状语从句不用于非限制性定语从句原因状语从句不用于非限制性定语从句1)_ has been announced,we shall have our final exams next month.(上海上海2003春）春）A.That B.As C.It D.What2)Sometimes the earthquake is so violent that it can destroy the whole city,_ happened in Wenchuan in 2007.A.which B.as C.where D.like BB在非限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，as（正如，就像）可代指整个句（正如，就像）可代指整个句子。可位于句首、句中和句末。常见的结构有子。可位于句首、句中和句末。常见的结构有：as anybody can see,as we all know,as we had expected,as is well known,as has been said before,as often happens,as is natural,as it is关系代词关系代词as/which 的区别的区别3)Keep away from such persons_ will do harm to you.A.who B.that C.as D.likeC4)Ive bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.than A5)Well return on the same road_ we go,so we cant lose it.A.as B.that C.like D.suchBB先行词被先行词被 the same 修饰，指修饰，指同一人或物时同一人或物时,用用 that.指同一类人或物时，用指同一类人或物时，用as.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”in/with/on/by+which/whom1,单个介词单个介词+关系代词关系代词(whom,which)介词确定依据介词确定依据a依从句中的动词依从句中的动词,形容词形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定名词与介词的固定搭配而定b依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定The two thing of which they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a machine with which we harvest crops.2,复杂介词复杂介词+关系代词关系代词(which,whom,whose)常用复杂介词常用复杂介词:as a result,at the back of,because of,in front of,in the middle of,at the bottom of,on the top of,at the foot of注意注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开,如如look after,be made of,take part in,look forward to等。等。例：例：The babies(who/whom)the nurses look after look strong and happy.Thereisagreatpaininmyrightfoot,becauseofwhichIcanonlylimpalong.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.3,单个介词单个介词+关系代词关系代词(which,whose)+名词名词介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定而定He lived in London for three months,during which time he learned some English.Our English teacher,with whose help we havemade great progress in English,hascompleted thirty years of teaching.4,the+名词名词+of+关系代词关系代词(which,whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系有所属关系This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr Jones.=This is the book,whose cover is designed by Mr Jones.=This is the book,of which the cover is designed by Mr Jones.5,部分词汇/结构+of+关系代词部分词汇部分词汇/结构结构:1,all,both,none,neither,either,many,most,few,several,enough,half,some,any,one,two,three,the majority,a number,the youngest,2,数词数词(基数词基数词,序数词序数词,百分数百分数,分数分数)+名词名词3,the+形容词最高级形容词最高级/比较级比较级Here are two pairs of socks,either of which you may choose.The football team has 15 members,the oldest of whom is 25 years old.挑战自我1,Thehouse,_wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.AtheroofofwhichBwhichroofCtheroofofwhoseDthatroof2,IdecidedtowriteaboutChaplin,oneof_filmsIhadseenseveralyearsbefore.AwhoseBwhomCthatDwhich3,Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse,_servesasakitchen.AthesmallerofwhichBthesmallofwhichCthesmallerofthemDthesmallerone4,Hefellfromhishorse,asaresultof_hecouldnotgotowork.AthatBwhichCwhoseDwhom5,Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.AofwhichBwhichofCofthemDofthat6,Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.AwhoBasCaboutwhichDwithwhom