会考冠词(精品).ppt
会考复习会考复习 第二节第二节 冠词冠词 冠词冠词 art.不定冠词不定冠词 a/an定冠词定冠词 the 冠词是汉语中没有的词,在英语中冠词冠词是汉语中没有的词,在英语中冠词是是虚词虚词,置于名词之前,它,置于名词之前,它不能离开名词不能离开名词而而单独存在。单独存在。零冠词零冠词eg._ house _useful book _hour _university _honest boy _umbrella aananaaan Eg.What is this?Its _bus.a3.表示泛指某一类人或物,或者某一人或物,或不确定。表示泛指某一类人或物,或者某一人或物,或不确定。Aaa一一 不定冠词不定冠词的用法:的用法:1.不定冠词有不定冠词有a和和an,a用在以辅音用在以辅音音素音素开头的单词前开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前。用在以元音音素开头的单词前。Eg.A girl,a gift,an answer,an orange2.当第一次提到某人或某物时,用当第一次提到某人或某物时,用a或或an起介绍作用。起介绍作用。eg._horse is _useful animal.Her uncle is _college student.have a headache 头痛头痛,a little 一点,一点,a few 几个几个 in a word 总之,总之,have a good time 过得愉快,过得愉快,give a talk 作报告,作报告,a number of 许多,许多,have a rest 休息,休息,have a look 看一看,看一看,want a go 试一试,试一试,have a try 试一试试一试 take a walk 散步,散步,have a cold 感冒感冒 keep a diary 记日记,记日记,in a hurry 匆忙,赶快匆忙,赶快 make a face 做鬼脸,做鬼脸,tell a lie 说慌说慌 at a loss 损失,损失,once upon a time 以前以前 have a big supper/breakfast/lunch 3.不定冠词的固定用法不定冠词的固定用法:4.用于用于抽象名词抽象名词,物质名词物质名词之前,使具体化,表示一次,之前,使具体化,表示一次,一种,一场,一阵等。一种,一场,一阵等。5.用于可视为一体的两个名词前。用于可视为一体的两个名词前。Eg.It is a pity that you didnt come that day.It is a pleasure to talk with you.A heavy rain stopped us from going outside.Can you make a fire?He did me a great kindness.Eg.A knife and fork 一副刀叉一副刀叉 (2)在人名或表示人的名词前表示在人名或表示人的名词前表示不确定不确定。I know _ man called Mr.Lear but he is not _ man You want.A.the,a B.a,a C.a,the D.the,the会考中,不定冠词会考中,不定冠词 需注意:需注意:(1)抽象名词抽象名词具体化或量化具体化或量化:a great success,a clear sky,a heavy rain等等a Smith called you just now.定冠词定冠词的基本用法:的基本用法:1.第一次提到某人某物,第一次提到某人某物,第二次第二次以后在此提到时则用定以后在此提到时则用定冠词。冠词。Eg.He found a kite in the sky.The kite was very nice.I bought a pen that day.The pen writes smoothly.Eg.Please close the door before you leave.Do you know the boy with a book in his hand?This is the purse that I lost last Wednesday.2.表示表示特指特指时,需用定冠词,如说话人双方都知道的人或时,需用定冠词,如说话人双方都知道的人或物,短语或定语从句所修饰的名词前。物,短语或定语从句所修饰的名词前。4.用于用于序数词序数词前表示顺序,前表示顺序,Eg.The sun,the moon,the earth,the sky,Eg.The fifth floor,the third dayEg.The dying,the rich,the poorEg.This cloth is sold by the meter.Tom works as a waiter and he is paid by the hour.Eg.The Qin Dynasty,in the 60s,the winter period the spring festival 3.用于用于世界上独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的事物前,前,5.用于用于形容词形容词前表示复数意义的某一类人或事物,前表示复数意义的某一类人或事物,6.用于用于度量单位度量单位前,表示前,表示“每一每一”,7.用在年代,朝代,时代,用在年代,朝代,时代,festival 名词前,名词前,11.和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用,表示某姓氏一家人和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用,表示某姓氏一家人或一对夫妇。或一对夫妇。8.在西洋乐器前,用定冠词在西洋乐器前,用定冠词。Eg.Play the piano,play the violin9.在表示江河,山脉,岛屿,海湾,海峡,沙漠等专有在表示江河,山脉,岛屿,海湾,海峡,沙漠等专有名词之前加定冠词。名词之前加定冠词。Eg,the Changjiang River,the Pacific,the Dead Sea the Huangshan Mountains10.在公共建筑,机关团体组织,报刊,杂志,会议,条约在公共建筑,机关团体组织,报刊,杂志,会议,条约前用定冠词。前用定冠词。Eg.The Peoples Republic of China the United Nations,the New York TimesEg.The Greens,the ZhaosEg.in the morning 在早上,在早上,in the way 挡道,挡道,in the distance 在远处在远处 at the head of 在排头在排头,at the moment 此刻此刻 at the end of 在在尽头尽头 go to the cinema 在看电影,在看电影,go to the doctor 去看医生去看医生 the other day 前天前天 on the right 在右边,在右边,take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂抓住某人的手臂 pat sb on the should拍某人的肩拍某人的肩 hit sb on the head打某人的头打某人的头 12.定冠词的固定用法定冠词的固定用法:(4)在一些短语中,在一些短语中,hit sb.in the face,grab sb.by the arm;会考中,冠词使用的会考中,冠词使用的注意要点注意要点:定冠词定冠词用在:用在:(1)西洋乐器和江河湖海,山脉,群岛海峡,西洋乐器和江河湖海,山脉,群岛海峡,沙漠前,沙漠前,the West Lake.(2)形容词前形容词前,表示一类人,表示一类人,the rich,the disabled.(3)由普通名词和其他词构成的专有名词和由普通名词和其他词构成的专有名词和某些组织机构名词前,某些组织机构名词前,the United States;零冠词零冠词的使用:的使用:1.季节,月份,星期和节日季节,月份,星期和节日的名词前,不用冠词的名词前,不用冠词Eg,It is Sunday today.June 1st is Childrens Day in China.Spring is a lovely season.2.在在人名,称呼语,头衔,职务人名,称呼语,头衔,职务等的名词前,一般不用冠词等的名词前,一般不用冠词Eg.Where is Dad?President gave a talk on TV.What color are Mr.Greens shoes?3.与与by连用的交通工具连用的交通工具前不用冠词前不用冠词Eg.By car,by bike,by train4.固定词组固定词组(1)成对使用的词组中,不用冠词)成对使用的词组中,不用冠词 Eg.husband and wife 夫妻,夫妻,young and old 老少老少 hand in hand 手拉手,手拉手,from time to time 不时地不时地 sooner or later 从一边到另一边,从一边到另一边,right or wrong 是非,是非,face to face面对面面对面 day and night 日日夜夜日日夜夜 (2)介词词组中)介词词组中 Eg.at school/at home 在学校在学校/在家在家 at night/noon/daybreak 在晚上在晚上/中午中午/黎明黎明 in fact,in bed 躺在床上,躺在床上,on purpose 故意的故意的 by accident 偶然,偶然,(3)其它一些固定搭配)其它一些固定搭配 Eg.catch fire着火,着火,catch sight of 看见,看见,练习:练习:1.Come in,Mr.Smith sit down and have _rest.A.a B.an C.the D./2.We had _good time on New Years Day.A.a B.an C.the D./3.Having afternoon tea is an English _.A.tradition B.menu C.drink D.festival4.He got run over by _taxi and now he is still in _danger.A./;a B.a,the C.a;/D./;/5.All of _sudden,the passengers on _board let out screams,running upstairs like crazy.A.a;/B.the;the C.the;/D.a;the 7.My sister works very hard and leaves her boss _ good impression.A.a B.the C./D.some8.National Day is coming and we have decided to go to the city,which is said to be _most beautiful city for _one-week holiday.A.a/an B.the;the C.a;the D.the;a9.Would you like _bread for breakfast?A.any B.the C.some D.a10.I usually take _after supper in summer.A.walk B.some walk C.walks D.a walk11.Do you have to do _cleaning at home?A.any B.a C.an D.the12.She plays _piano well while she plays _football badly.A.the,the B.a,/C.a,a D.the,/Goodbye