高考英语被动语态详解课件.ppt

高三英语总复习语法系列训练高三英语总复习语法系列训练被被 动动 语语 态态 详详 解解新世纪中学英语组新世纪中学英语组(一一)语语 态态 分分 类类 英英语语动动词词有有两两种种语语态态，主主动动语语态态和和被被动动语语态态。主主动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，被被动动语语态态表表示示主主语语是是动动作作的的承受者。如：承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over the river.(主动主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动被动)汉汉语语中中常常用用“被被”、“给给”、“由由”、“受受”等等词词用用来来表表示示被被动动，而而英英语语用用：助助助助动动动动词词词词be be+及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词的的的的过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词构成。构成。(二二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主主要要体体现现在在be的的变变化化上上，其其形形式式与与系系动动词词be的的变变化化形形式式完完全全一样。以一样。以givegive 为例，列表如下：为例，列表如下：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are+given 一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+given 一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will+be+given 现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+given 现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has+been+given 过去完成时：过去完成时：had+been+given 过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were+being+given 过去将来时：过去将来时：should/would+be+given 将来完成时：将来完成时：shall/will+have been+given 过去将来完成时：过去将来完成时：should/would+have been+given注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三三三三)被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：一般现在时：People grow rice in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.Rice is grown in the south of the country.The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.We We are are not not allowed allowed to to enter enter the the chemistry chemistry lab lab without without a a teacher.teacher.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.The students didnt forget his lessons easily.His lessons were not easily forgotten.His lessons were not easily forgotten.3.一般将来时：一般将来时：They will send cars abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.Cars will be sent abroad by sea.They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.4.过去将来时：过去将来时：The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.The The manager manager said said the the project project would would be be completed completed by by the the end of the year.end of the year.The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.The The workers workers told told me me that that the the car car would would be be mended mended as as soon soon as possible.as possible.5.现在进行时：现在进行时：The radio is broadcasting English lessons.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted.The rooms are being painted.6.过去进行时：过去进行时：Why didnt they drive there on time?Because the workers were mending the road.Because the road was being mended.Because the road was being mended.This time last year we were planting trees here.Trees were being planted here this time last year.Trees were being planted here this time last year.7.现在完成时：现在完成时：Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.I have been told the sports meet might be put off.We have brought down the price.The price has been brought down.The price has been brought down.8.过去完成时：过去完成时：When I got to the theatre,I found they they had had already already sold sold outout the tickets.the tickets.When When I I got got to to the the theatre,theatre,I I found found the the tickets tickets had had already already been sold out.been sold out.The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;People People had consideredhad considered him to be a great leader.him to be a great leader.He He had been consideredhad been considered to be a great leader.to be a great leader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：含含有有情情态态动动词词的的被被动动语语态态是是由由“情情态态动动词词+be+及及物物动动词词的的过过去分词去分词”构成。构成。You must hand in your compositions after class.Your compositions Your compositions must be handed inmust be handed in after class.after class.He can write a great many letters with the computer.A great many letters A great many letters can be writtencan be written with the computer by with the computer by him.him.(四四)被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 使使 用用1.1.当当不不知知道道或或没没有有必必要要指指出出动动作作的的执执行行者者时时，常常用用被被动动语语态态，这这时时往往不用往往不用by 短语。短语。“Mr.Mr.White,White,the the cup cup with with mixture mixture was was broken broken after after class.class.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.2.突突出出或或强强调调动动作作的的承承受受者者，如如果果需需要要说说出出动动作作的的执执行行者者，用用by 短语。短语。These records were made by John Denver.These records were made by John Denver.The cup was broken by Paul.The cup was broken by Paul.3.3.当当汉汉语语句句子子的的主主语语既既不不是是动动作作的的执执行行者者，也也不不是是动动作作的的承承受受者者时时，这时常用这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。短语。These cars were made in China.These cars were made in China.15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new 15,000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.factory.(五五)主动语态变被动语态的方法主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 I was invited (by my aunt)to her dinner party.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语（2）The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.1.1.1.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.2.2.2.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的谓谓谓谓语语语语变变变变成成成成被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的bebe +过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词，时时时时态态态态要要要要与与与与原原原原句句句句保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。保持一致。3.3.3.3.把把把把主主主主动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的主主主主语语语语变变变变为为为为介介介介词词词词byby 的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语，放放放放在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态里里里里谓谓谓谓语语语语动动动动词词词词之之之之后后后后，byby 短短短短语语语语可可可可以以以以省省省省略略略略。如如如如果果果果原原原原句句句句主主主主语语语语是是是是地地地地点点点点名名名名词词词词，在在在在被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态中中中中用用用用inin+地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。地点名词作状语。(六六)语态转换时要注意的问题语态转换时要注意的问题1.1.把把主主动动语语态态变变为为被被动动语语态态时时，其其谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态要要与与原原句句时时态态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.(正确正确)A new computer have been bought.(错误错误)2.2.含含有有双双宾宾语语的的主主动动句句变变被被动动句句时时，可可分分别别将将其其中中的的一一个个宾宾语语变变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.如如果果把把直直接接宾宾语语(指指物物)改改为为主主语语，则则在在间间接接宾宾语语(指指人人)前前加加适适当的介词，如上句还可以说：当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday.保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语保留宾语注意：注意：注意：注意：一般在下列一般在下列动词动词后，常在后，常在间间接接宾语宾语前用介前用介词词 to，如：如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell 等。等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列一般在下列动词动词后，后，间间接接宾语宾语前用介前用介词词 for,如：如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing 等。等。Mother made me a new skirt.(A new skirt was made for me.)The meat was cooked for us.Some country music was played for us.有些既不用有些既不用to 也不用也不用for,根据根据动词动词与介与介词词的搭配关系。的搭配关系。He asked me a question.(A question was asked of me.)People all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.(不用不用by短语短语)3.由由动动词词+介介词词或或副副词词构构成成的的短短语语动动词词，要要把把它它们们作作为为整整体体看看，即即把把它它们们看看成成一一个个及及物物动动词词，介介词词或或副副词词不不可可拆拆开开或或漏漏掉掉。这这类类动动词词有：有：不不不不及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+介介介介词词词词，如如如如:agree to,ask for,laugh at,operated on,listen to,look after,think of,talk about 等。等。The patient is being operated on.The patient is being operated on.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.The problem is solved.It neednt be talked about.及及及及物物物物动动动动词词词词+副副副副词词词词：如如如如：bring about,carry out,find out,give up,hand in,make out,pass on,point out,put away,put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out 等。等。His request was turned down.His request was turned down.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.4.带带复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾语语+宾宾补补)的的动动词词改改为为被被动动语语态态时时，一一般般把把主主动动结结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to follow her instructions.注注注注意意意意：在在see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel等等动动词词后后作作宾宾语语补补足足语语的的动动词词不不定定式式都都不不带带 to，但但改改成成被被动动语语态态后后都都带带to，这这时时不不定定式式为为主主语语补补足足语语，也也就就是是说说不不定定式式作作主主语语补补足足语不存在省略语不存在省略to 的问题。的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.注注意意：带带有有复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子，如如果果宾宾语语补补足足语语是是名名词词，变变被被动动句句时时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people people called them love apples.called them love apples.误：误：Love apples were called them.正：正：They were called love apples.5.还还有有一一种种短短语语动动词词由由动动动动词词词词+名名名名词词词词+介介介介词词词词构构成成，变变被被动动语语态态有有两两种种形式，如下：形式，如下：1)We take good care of the books.The books are taken good care of.The books are taken good care of.Good care is taken of the book.Good care is taken of the book.2)You must pay attention to your pronunciation.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.用用于于这这类类结结构构的的短短语语动动词词常常见见的的有有：catch sight of,make use of,pay attention to,set fire to,take care of,take hold of,take notice of,keep an eye on 等。等。6.当当主主动动句句的的主主语语是是nobody,no one等等含含有有否否定定意意义义的的不不定定代代词词时时，被被动动句句中中将将其其变变为为anybody,作作by的的宾宾语语，并并将将谓谓语语动动词词变变为为否定的被动语态。如：否定的被动语态。如：Nobody can answer this question.误：误：The question can be answered by nobody.正：正：The question can not be answered by anybody.The question can not be answered by anybody.7.当当否否定定句句中中的的宾宾语语是是anything,anybody,anyone等等不不定定代代词词时时，在在被被动动句句中中应应将将其其分分别别变变为为nothing,nobody,no one作作主主语语，并并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：They havent done anything to make the river clean.误：误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean.正：正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.Nothing has been done to make the river clean.8.以以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：放在句首：Who wrote the story?误：误：Who was the story written?正：正：By whom was the story written?By whom was the story written?9.有有些些动动词词既既是是及及物物又又是是不不及及物物，当当它它们们和和well,badly,easily等等副副词词连连用用时时，表表示示主主语语内内在在品品质质或或性性能能，是是不不及及物物动动词词，用用主主动动表表示示被被动动，这这时时不不用用被被动动语语态态，常常见见的的有有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook 等。如：等。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。这布很好洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。这新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。这支笔写字很流畅。对比：对比：The books sell well.(主动句主动句)The books were sold out.(被动句被动句)The meat didnt cook well.(主动句主动句)The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat.(被动句被动句)10.10.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第第一一，感感官官系系动动词词一一般般用用主主动动形形式式表表示示被被动动意意义义，如如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.第第二二，谓谓语语是是及及物物动动词词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：误：Her hand was had burned.第第三三，一一些些不不及及物物动动词词短短语语没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。如：等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第第四四，不不及及物物动动词词没没有有被被动动语语态态，如如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.第第五五，宾宾语语是是反反身身代代词词，相相互互代代词词，同同源源宾宾语语，不不定定式式，v-ing形形式式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：I taught myself English.误：误：Myself was taught English.We love each other.误：误：Each other is loved.11.11.在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：构来表示，例如：据说据说It is said that 据报导据报导It is reported that 据推测据推测It is supposed that 希望希望It is hoped that 众所周知众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词习打下良好的基础，在动词-inging 形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。非洲旧石器时代考古在世界上占有重要地位。这里不仅发现了迄今为止年代最早的人类化石和石器文化，而是世界上已知的人类各发展阶段没有缺环、年代前后相继的地区。迄今所知最早的石器发现于东非肯尼亚的科比福拉，以及埃塞俄比亚的奥莫和哈达尔地区，年代距今约250万200万年。石器时代官方 http:/www.shiqi.co/石器时代官方旧石器时代早期在非洲存在两大石器文化传统：奥杜韦文化和阿舍利文化。旧石器时代中期，在北非有莫斯特文化和阿替林文化；在撒哈拉以南地区，有中非的石核斧类型文化，如山果文化和卢本巴文化，南非的彼得斯堡文化、奥兰治文化、斯蒂尔贝文化和班巴塔文化。旧石器时代晚期，非洲气候极为干旱，发现的遗存数少，在北非有与欧洲石叶文化相似的代拜文化，在撒哈拉以南地区则有奇托利文化等。满满盛了汤，但汤里熬的不是鱼翅、干贝，而是白芷、江离都是沐浴用的香草。汤也不烫，最多比皮肤烫一点点，正好让人躺进去“哦呼！”一声，绝不会对人造成任何实质性伤害，只会把人泡得红通通的，像一只心满意足的大虾。这是一锅上好的洗澡水。苏明远沉入水中，“哦呼”了一声。世上再没有比淋了一场大雨之后泡个热热的香汤更美的了！一定有所要求的话，倒是可以锦上添花一把。第二章 蝶楼吹彻玉笙寒(2)“蝶儿，”苏明远唤道，“给我推拿。”“我不是蝶儿。”炉边主人唇边逸出一抹不知是何滋味的笑容，“我只是个笑话。”他叫蝶宵华。本朝没有“蝶”这个姓，锦城更没有。“蝶宵华”这三个字，就跟“楚云”、“海棠”、“娇月”、“香红”差不多，都是人家给取的，专为招揽生意用。所谓艺名。叫“楚云”、“海棠”、“娇月”、“香红”的女孩子，多半会在什么地方做生意，你也想像得出来吧？不过蝶宵华不在勾栏。有的勾栏只收女孩子，他自然进不去。有的勾栏，兼收男孩子，他也没进。他进的地方，比勾栏还苦一点，要压腿、要下腰、要走台步，要吊嗓子，所谓梨院。梨院子弟，地位比起勾栏来似乎高那么一点点，有的时候呢，却仿佛还要低上那么一点点。戏子的生活，有时比妓女还要糜乱得不止一点点。而蝶宵华，是锦城所有戏子中，“那方面”名声最响的一个。像苏明远是举城最受崇拜的贵公子一样，没有之一。只不过，蝶宵华的名声，未必招人喜爱。有的人嘴里，他是妖魔。有的人嘴里，他简直就是疯的。他像一出折子戏，不想管来路、不想管去路，所有的美丽、哀艳、甚或是倦怠，都只凝缩在眼前短短一幕，没有明天。他动人得，像是根本没有明天。苏明远叫他，他就恹恹的站了起来，恹得似一株才抽出新芽、就已不堪盛大春光负荷的垂柳，每迈出一步，腰肢儿都是软盈盈的。他的斗篷没有扣住，一站，前面就散开了，露出里头衣裳，是遍地金鸦青百花锦袍子，很难压得住的颜色。而他甚至根本没想过要压，只那么随随便便一站，春风都要为他醉了。他走到苏明远盆边，刚刚那小少女之一，又奔了回来，手里捧着一只万寿回文金盏，仍然笑成一团，步子都要迈不稳似的，把金盏往蝶宵华足边一放，咬着嘴忍住笑声，回身又逃了。蝶宵华伸出尖尖的食指，向小少女的背影指了一指：“你啊”小少女吐吐舌头，还是跑了，他嘴角咬了咬，也没什么别的话说，自己弯腰捞起金盏，递给苏明远。盏中盛着酒，酒色清碧，似外头窗格嵌的琉璃。苏明远啜了一口，放开手，酒盏就自己漂在汤面上，似外头的莲花灯。蝶宵华这里的所有东西，似乎都经过精心的布置，不但美，而且一定很实用，一定让人舒适、让人省力。只有一个很懒、又很