英语人教版八年级下册unit 8 grammar Focus.ppt

Unit 8Grammar focusReadthefollowingsentenceswehaveseen.HaveyoureadLittle Women yet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavent.HasTinareadTreasure Island yet?Yes,shehas.Shethinksitsfantastic.Haveyoudecidedwhichbooktowriteaboutyet?Yes,Ihave.Ivealreadyfinishedreadingit.Itwasreallygood.ThePresentPerfectwithalready,yet1.Haveyouwateredtheplantsyet?Yes,Ihavealreadywateredthem.2.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Yes,Ihavealreadyfinishedit.3.Haveyoufoundyourbikeyet?Yes,Ihavealreadyfoundit.Present perfect现在完成时：现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态。或保存的状态。现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成:现在完成时是由现在完成时是由“助动词助动词have/has+动动词的过去分词词的过去分词”构成构成。助动词要和主语的。助动词要和主语的人称、数保持一致。人称、数保持一致。一般疑问句：一般疑问句：have/has?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavent.Yes,shehas.No,shehasnt.havebreakfastImnothungrynowmovedherein2004Istillliveherenowpast现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时态现在完成时态可用于表达刚刚做完某事或可用于表达刚刚做完某事或已经做完某事，常见的标志词有已经做完某事，常见的标志词有already,yet等。下面我们一起看看这几个词的用法等。下面我们一起看看这几个词的用法:(1)already意为意为“已经已经”，常放在，常放在have/has和动词之间，通常用于肯定句中。如和动词之间，通常用于肯定句中。如:Theyhavealreadyarrivedatthehospital.他们已经到达医院了。他们已经到达医院了。already也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时常放在句末。的回答或表示惊异，此时常放在句末。(2)yet多用于否定句中，意为多用于否定句中，意为“还还(没没)”；也常用于疑问句中，意为；也常用于疑问句中，意为“现在，已经现在，已经”。如。如:Thesunhasnotrisenyet.太阳还没有升起。太阳还没有升起。Hasthemanfinishedtheworkyet?这个男人做完工作了吗这个男人做完工作了吗?1.Dontworryabouthim.Hehas_arrivedathomesafely.2.Haveyoutoldhimthenews_?3.Ihave_eatensomerice.NowIamfull.yetalreadyalreadyyetalreadyPracticeCompletethesentenceswiththewordsinthebox.()Haveyoufinishedyourhomework_?No,not_.A.yet,alreadyB.yet,yetC.already,yetD.already,already分析：此题应该选用分析：此题应该选用B项。前面为疑问句，项。前面为疑问句，后面是否定回答，故两处空格均应该用后面是否定回答，故两处空格均应该用yet。B()-HasJim_cleanedhisbedroom?-Yes,hehascleanedit_.A.just,yetB.already,justC.just,alreadyD./,already分析：此题应该选用分析：此题应该选用D项。前面为疑问句，项。前面为疑问句，一般不用一般不用just/already提问，故提问，故A、B、C项项都是错误的，后面是肯定结构，故应该用都是错误的，后面是肯定结构，故应该用already。D()Jim,haveyouhadyourlunch_?Itsonly10:30inthemorning.A.yetB.justnowC.justD.already分析：此题应该选用分析：此题应该选用D项。前面为疑问句，但项。前面为疑问句，但是从是从“Itsonly10:30inthemorning.”中可中可以看出问话人非常惊讶，故应该用以看出问话人非常惊讶，故应该用already连接。连接。D动词的动词的过去式过去式的变化和的变化和过去分词过去分词的变化的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。分类。(注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动词原形词原形动词的过去式动词的过去式动词的过去分词动词的过去分词)一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：如：pickpickedpicked;wishwishedwished;staystayedstayed2.以不发音的以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加结尾的动词后面加d。如：如：likelikedliked;hopehopedhoped;phonephonedphoned3.以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变结尾的动词，变y为为i，再，再加加-ed。如：如：studystudiedstudied;hurryhurriedhurried;replyrepliedreplied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：如：stopstoppedstopped;clapclappedclapped不规则变化：不规则变化：5.以不变应万变。以不变应万变。如：如：letletlet;putputput;readreadread6.若中间有双写若中间有双写e，则去掉一个，则去掉一个e，单词末尾，单词末尾再加再加t。如：如：feelfeltfelt;keepkeptkept;sleepsleptslept7.结尾的字母结尾的字母d变变t。如：如：lendlentlent;buildbuiltbuilt;sendsentsent8.变为以变为以-ought或或-aught结尾。结尾。如：如：buyboughtbought;bringbroughtbrought;catchcaughtcaught;teachtaughttaught活学活用活学活用1.Writetheformsofthepasttenseandpastparticiple:drink_see_find_leave_tell_drankdrunksawseenfoundfoundleftlefttoldtoldWhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachersoffice?Maybehe_hisworkyet.A.doesntfinishB.hasntfinishedC.haventfinishedB现在完成时现在完成时：表示过去发生或已经完成的某：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调始一直延续到现在的动作或保存的状态，强调的是现在的情况，的是现在的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语不能和表示过去的时间状语连用（如：连用（如：in 1990，last Sunday 等）。等）。一般过去时一般过去时：一般过去时只表示过去的动作：一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在或状态，和现在不发生关系（即动作或状态在现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状现在已经结束），它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。语连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）（强调看的动作发生过了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（强调起床的动作已发生过了）（强调起床的动作已发生过了）Whohasnthandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）4aUsethewordsinbracketstocompletetheconversations.1.A:Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?B:No,thanks._.(just/drinksometea)2.A:Iheardyoulostyourkey._?(find)B:No,notyet.IvejustdrunksometeaHaveyoufoundityet?3.A:DoyouknowwhenTomisleaving?B:_.(already/leave)A:When_?(leave)B:Thismorning.4.A:Isyoursistergoingtothemovieswithustonight?B:No._.(already/seethefilm)Tom/HehasalreadyleftdidheleaveShehasalreadyseenthefilm5.A:Whatdoyourparentsthinkaboutourplan?B:I_.(not/tellthem/yet)havenot/haventtoldthemyet4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinbrackets.Sally_(love)reading.Inthemorning,shereadsthenewspaperandintheeveningshereadsbooks.She_already_(read)morethan100differentbooks!Herfavoritekindofbooksissciencefiction.Sheisinterestedinscienceandtechnologyandlovestoimaginewhattheworld_(be)likein50years.loveshasreadwillbeShe_(finish)readingabookaboutrobotslastweekand_(write)abookreportaboutitnextweekforherFrenchclass.Everytimesheisinthelibrary,Sallylooksatthemanybooksshe_(notread)yetandshecantwaittoreadthem!finishedwillwritehasnotreadA:Whatbookshaveyoualreadyread?B:IhavealreadyreadTom Sawyer andHarry Potter.A:Whatdoyouthinkofthem?B:Well,IthinkHarry Potter wasexciting,butTomSawyerwasabitboring.4cCompletethechartwithinformationaboutyouandafriend.GroupworkYouYourfriendCommentsBooksIhavealreadyreadMoviesIhavealreadyseenSongsIhavealreadyheardA:Whatthingshaveyoualreadydonethisweek?B:IhavealreadyA:Whatthingshaventyoudonethisweek?B:Well,IhaventHowaboutyou?A:Ihave句型句型转换转换1.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(改改为为否否定定句句)I_myhomework._you_yourhomework?(改改为为一般疑一般疑问问句并作肯定回答句并作肯定回答)Yes,_.haventfinishedHavefinishedIhave2.Hisdreamhascometrue.(改改为为一一般般疑疑问问句并作否定回答句并作否定回答)-_hisdream_true?-No,_.Hascomeithasnt()Whywashelateforschoolyesterday?Heoverslept.Bythetimehegottothebusstop,thebus_already_.A.was,leavingB.has,leftC.would,leaveD.had,leftD典型例题典型例题()Whenandwheretospendtheholiday_yet.Letsmakeitnow.A.isdecidedB.doesntdecideC.hasnotbeendecidedD.hasdecidedC()Ibeganwatchinghereanhourago,butnownothing_yet.A.happensB.willhappenC.happenedD.hashappenedD()WillyougoandseethemovieNet Motherwithme?Thankyou.ButI_italready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willseeB()IsBohaiBridgeopentothepublicyet?Yes.It_foralmostoneandahalfmonths.A.hasopenedB.hasbeingopenedC.hasbeenopenD.wasopenC()Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?No,I_tothebankalready.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.amgoingD.hadbeenA()Chinadevelopssofast.Thatstrue.It_alotalready.A.changesB.changedC.willchangeD.haschangedD()Ourcountry_thesixthpopulationcensus(人口普查人口普查)already.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willfinishD.finishesB()WillyoupleasegotoseethemovieGuanyinshanwithme?No,Iwont.I_already.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.willseeB()I_scaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.（2015杭州）杭州）A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe()BenandSuearenthome,arethey?No.They_toLondononbusiness.（2015江西）江西）A.havegoneB.goC.havebeenD.willgoC中考链接中考链接A()Dave,wewillleavein10minutes.Areyouready?No,I_ourguidebookandtowelsyet.(2013广西玉林广西玉林)A.dontpackB.didntpackC.havepackedD.haventpackedD()WhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachersoffice?Maybehe_hisworkyet.(2013四川四川凉山凉山)A.doesntfinishB.hasntfinishedC.haventfinishedB