中考英语词汇辨析课件.pptx

词汇辨析词汇辨析Page22a little/a bit下面哪些句子是错误的？1.Thereisabitwaterinthebottle.2.Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.3.他饿极了。Heisnotalittlehungry.4.他饿极了。Heisnotabithungry.5.Hedidntfeelabittired.6.Hedidntfeelalittletired.abitof一点都不饿notalittlePage3a few/few/a little/little1.Dontworry,wehave_timeleft.2.Hurryup,wehave_timeleft.3.Thetextiseasytounderstandthoughthereare_newwordsinit.4.Thetextiseasytounderstandbecausethereare_newwordsinit.3alittlelittleafewfewPage44above/over/on/uponPage5above/over/on/upon5over-underPage66above-belowPage77Youhavetobeover/above18toseethisfilm.Thetemperatureisthreedegreesover/abovezero.Themountainisover/above4,000metresover/abovesealevel.Page8accept/receiveI_abunchofflower,butIdidnt_it.He_verylittleeducation.Weoften_foreignguests.8receivedacceptreceivedreceivePage9across/through/over9Page10afraid/fear10词性不同beafraidof=fearbeafraidofsb./sth害怕beafraidtodosth.不敢做Iusedto_dark.I_gooutsidealoneinthedarkness.beafraidofwasafraidtoPage11feel like/would likefeellike+doingwouldlike+todo用wouldlike改写下面句子Ifeellikehavingadrink.Iwouldliketohaveadrink.选择：Itfeelslike/wouldlikesilk.11Page12after/behindHedecidedtoleave_lunch.Summercomes_spring.Thehospitalis_thepostoffice.12afterafterbehindafter主要用于时间或次序，behind主要用于位置。behind有时也用于时间，表示“迟于”，主要用于behindtime(迟，晚)这一习语。Page13ago/before13ago用于过去时，before用于完成时Page14agree to/agree with/agree onDoyouthinkhewill_mysuggestion?Idont_you.Hardworkdoesnot_him.14agreetoagreewithagreewithIwasforcedtoagreetoit,butatheartIdidntquiteagreewithit.有时agreeto也可用来表示“答应”一件自己不愿做的事Bothsidesagreedontheseterms.Page15at times/at all times/all the time_,hesays,hedoesmissthebigcity,butmostofthetimeheishappierinthisruralenvironment.JacktalksabouthistriptoEurope_,andhisfriendsaretiredofit.15allthetime(atalltimes)Attimesattimes=sometimesallthetime=atalltimes=alwaysPage16alive/living/the living/live/deadHewastheonlyone_inthebattle.Hewasthegreatest_novelistinEngland.16aliveliving名词+aliveliving+名词Thecatwasplayingwitha_mouse.liveA_bandisalwaysagooddrawataparty.livelive+名词：活的（指物）；现场的Heisanoutgoingand_person.livelylively活泼的Page17all/everyAllstudentsare=everystudentis下面的句子正确吗？1.Hehaseatenallthebiscuits.2.Hehaseateneverythebiscuit.3.Shewashereallday.4.Shewashereeveryday.17Page18all/whole用whole改写下面短语allthisafternoonallmylifealltheclassallthetime18all+all+限定词限定词=限定词限定词+whole+wholewholewhole一般不用来修饰不可数名词一般不用来修饰不可数名词Page19almost/nearlyHehasalmost/nearlyfinishedhiswork.Almost/Nearlynoonetookanyrest.19almost可以修饰morethan,too,nothing,nobody,nowhere,noone,none,never等词，nearly则不行。Page2020Page21alone/lonely1.语法区别名词+alonelonely+名词2.意义区别alone:单独的（无感情色彩）lonely：孤独的，荒凉的(较浓的感情色彩）21Im_,butIdontfeel_.Page22aloud/loud/loudly这两句话意思一样吗？Pleasereadthestoryaloud.Pleasereadthestoryloudly/loud.下面的句子可以用loud吗？Someoneknockedloudlyatthedoor.22Page23already/yet/stillThetrainhas_left.Hehasntfoundhisbike_.23alreadyyetalready和yet都用于完成时，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定和疑问句下面的句子有区别吗？Haveyoualreadyhadbreakfast?Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?Heis_standingthere.Heisstandingthere_.stillstillPage24also/as well/too/eitherHe_playsfootball.Thetwocowsarewhite,_.Idontlikecoffee,_.Heisateacherandawriter_.Heisnotonlyateacherbutawriter_.24alsotooeitheraswell/tooaswellPage25for/from/since1.HehaslivedinNanjing_theyearbeforelast.2.Iveknownhim_wewerechildren.3.Shewaitedme_8till9atthegate.4.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_threeyears.5.Westudyatschool_MondaytoFriday.6.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity_abouttenyears.7.Itsabouttenyears_sheleftthecity.25sincesincefromforfromforsincePage26although/though把下面的句子分成4类：1）只能用although2）只能用though3）两者都能用4）两者都不能用Fast_heran,hestilllosttherace._Itriedmybest,butIfailedtheexam.Wewentlikelightning,even_wedidnthaveanymoney.Einsteincaredlittleformoney,_hecouldhavebeenveryrich.Hesaidhewouldcome,hedidnt,_._hesaidhewouldcome,hedidnt.26Page27always/often/usually/sometimes/never27_可以用于进行时。_一般用于完成时。alwaysneverPage28among/between28Page29another/the other/other/others/the others29Page30Ivegottwoticketsfortonightsconcert.Oneisforme,_isforyou.Aother BtheotherCothersDanother答案：DWeshouldhelp_whentheyareintrouble.Aother BtheothersCothersDtheother答案：C30Page31answer/replyanswer or reply？He_tomyletter.He_myletter.Who_thetelephone?He_thathehadchangedhismind.Haveyouhada(an)_toyourletter?31Page32anyone/any one判断正误Wouldanyonelikeadrink?Whichpendoyouwant?Anyonewilldo.Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.32Page33arrive/reach/get toDoyouknowwhattimetheplane_Moscow？They_thestationat8thismorning.They_BeijingonFebruary17.I_schoolatabout7：30everyday，andIgethomeat5：00intheafternoon.33arriveinarriveatreachedgettoPage34as/because/for/since请根据语意的强弱排列这4个单词：becausesinceasfor在回答why的问句时，只能用_不能放在句首表示众所周知的原因，一般用_34becauseforsincePage35as/when/while35当某事发生的时候，一个长的行为或事件正在进行”。Page3636表示两个长动作或事件过去同时发生Page3737用在两个短的行为或事件同时发生用在两个短的行为或事件同时发生Page38ask/questionAmanisbeing_bypoliceinconnectionwithanattackonadisabledwoman.38questionedIf you question someone,you ask them a lot of questions about something.Page39ask/ask forask+sb.ask+questionaskab.toaskforsth.39Page40asleep/sleep/sleepy40The baby is asleep.The baby is sleeping.The girl is sleepy.Page41at first/firstJohncamehomefromwork.Firsthereadthepaperforawhile,thenhegotupfromthechairandturnedontheradio.AtfirstIdidntwanttogo,butthenIchangedmymind.41first用来说明顺序，意为“先”，暗示接下去还有其他动作或事件要发生，因此其后往往接有(或暗示有)then,next,last等词。atfirst的意思是“起初”“开始”，它主要用于强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动作不同甚至相反，因此常有but,afterwards,soon,atlast等相呼应。Page42at school/in school/in a(the)schoolMydaughterdoesntwork.sheis_.Mydaughterisnotathome.Sheis_.Iwas_toseemyformerteacher.比较：inhospital/inthehospitalgotochurch/gotothechurch42in schoolat schoolin the schoolPage43at the top of/on the top of面上，外部面上，外部点上，内部点上，内部on(the)top ofat the top ofPage44at/in44at:一点（小地方或者附近）in:一个范围（内部）Page4545Page4646Page4747Page48at/to1)Hethrewtheballatme.2)Hethrewtheballtome.3)Myfathershoutedatme.4)Myfathershoutedtome.a)他把球向我扔来。b）他对准我扔球。c）我爸爸朝我喊叫。d）我爸爸对我吼叫。48Page49be angry/get angrybe/getangrywith_be/getangryabout/at_be/getangryto_/_be表示状态，get表示变化的过程_interestedin_married_acold_ill_asleep49sb.sth.seehearbecomegethave/catchfallfallPage50be good at/do well in强调一种笼统情况表示具体活动50be good at/indo well inbe poor/weak at/indo badly inPage51be made of/be made from51The desk is made of wood.Paper is made from wood.Page5252Cakeismadefromegg,butterandflour.Page53be pleased with/at/to1)Themanageryoubefore2)MybossmustseeyouagaininHongKong3)Iseeingsomanystudentspresent4)IhearMrZhaoyourarticle析：waspleasedwith。表示“对满意；喜欢”后面通常接指人的名词或代词。bepleasedto。表示“很高兴或很乐意做某事”，其中to是不定式符号，后面接动词原形。ampleasedat(或about)。bepleasedat（或about）表示“对（看到或听到的）事感到高兴，”后面接指事的名词或ving。ispleasedat(或about)。解析同。53Page54be sure/make surebe/makesure_/_/_besure:确信makesure：确保,弄明白注意：makesurethat一般不用将来时填空：Youcan_theirinterestinit.They_late.Willyou_thathereturned?54ofaboutthatbesureaboutaresuretobemakesurePage55be surprised/in surpriseAtmywords,helookedup_.Youll_howmuchmoreyouenjoyyourfood!55insurprisebesurprisedatPage56be used for/be used as/be used byKeysare_openinglocks.“Swim”canbe_anoun.Recordersareoften_Englishteachers.56usedforusedasusedbybeusedfor+用途beusedas+工具、手段beusedby+人物（使用者）Page57both/either/neither1.total=2both:2either:1neither:02.both-areeither/neither-is3.bothnseither/neithern4.bothandneithernoreitheror57Page58beat/winTheathlete_hiscompetitorsand_thegoldmedal.58beatwonbeat+人win+比赛、奖杯、奖品Page59because/because ofIdidntbuyit_itwastooexpensive.Helosthisjob_hisage.59becausebecauseofbecause+从句becauseof+名词，ing，what引导的从句Page60become/get/go/grow/turnIbecameateacherthreeyearsago.-过去已经完成，一种状态到另一种状态Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.-变化过程，接比较级Afterheheardthenews,hisfacewentwhite.通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况，说明变的结果Myyoungerbrotherisgrowingtall.逐渐变化的过程Thetreesturngreen.变得和以前完全不同，说明结果60Page61Theseeggshave_.Thegirl_thinnerandthinner.Theman_bluewithfear.He_angrywithhisson.Thedaysare_longerandlongerafterthewintersolstice.61gonebadgrewturnedbecame/gotgettingPage62before long/long beforebeforelong是介词短语，意为“不久以后”“不久”，所在句中的谓语动词可用于各种时态。longbefore是副词短语，表示“很久以前”，这个词组常与动词的过去时或过去完成时连用，后面跟从句时也可以用在现在时的句子中。Itlooksasthoughitwillsnow_.Itwillbe_wearrive.Ihopetoseeyou_.Isawthefilm_.62beforelonglongbeforebeforelonglongbeforePage63begin/startbeginendstartstop表示动身，启程，开动机器，只能用start63Page64forget to do/forget doingforgettodo忘记要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘记做过某事。(已做)典型例题-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh，Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff答案：C。由thelightisstillon可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgettodosth.而forgetdoingsth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。64Page65trydoingsth试着做某事(强调效果）trytodosth努力做某事（强调过程）rememberdoing记得做过某事（已做）remembertodo记得要做某事（未做）regretdoing后悔做过某事（已做）regrettodo抱歉要做某事（未做）goondoing继续做（同一件事）goontodo接着做（另一件事）needdoing需要做某事（被动）needtodo需要做某事（主动）65Page66besides/but/except/except forbesides-包括式but/except用法-排除式exceptfor-排除否定式66but常与下列词连用:a.否定词noone,none,nothing等;b.疑问词who,what等;c.不定代词all,everyone等but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带to的动词不定式,反之加to。表示对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的排除否定式。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的不是同类项Page671.NooneknewMrBesonsaddress_hisdaughter.A.exceptB.exceptforC.onlyD.besides2.Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage_English?A.exceptB.butC.besideD.besides3.Iknownothingabouttheyounglady_sheisfromBeijing.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.besidesKey:1.A2.D3.C67Page681.Allofthemwentoutforawalk_John.A.besidesB.exceptC.besideD.excepts析:B因除去的与保留的是同类项,且题中有信息词All。2.Itwasdarkinthecity_afewweaklights.A.exceptforB.exceptC.besidesD.butfor析:A。因为除去的与保留的不是同类项,故选exceptfor。3.Theyallwenttothepark_Mikeandme.A.besidesB.exceptforC.butD.beside析:C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mikeandme是同类项,根据句意应选C。68Page694.Davidcoulddonothingbut_histeacheryesterdayafternoon.A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp析:A。donothingbut.后应接动词原形,意为除做外什么也不做。5.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguage_French.A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside析:C。由本题中的信息词anyotherforeignlanguage,可知选besides。69Page70give a message/leave a message/take a messageleaveamessage(forsb.):打电话的人用takeamessage(forsb.):接电话的人用giveamessage(tosb.)：捎个信70Page71big/large/great/hugebig侧重于表示一个物体的块头、重量，含有庞大、笨重的意思，其反义词是little.large侧重表示一个物体的宽度和数量，有广阔和众多的含义，其反义词是small。great常修饰抽象的、无形的东西，表示精神上、程度上的大；用在具体名词前，表示异乎寻常的大，给人留下深刻的印象，其词义常有一定的感情色彩huge指体积的巨大或超过标准的巨大，有“verylarge”的意思。71在表示物体重量、人的身高大或长大了时，只能用big。在表示数量时，用large,不用big。Page72Theboxistoo_tocarry.Alarge_ofpeoplecamefromallpartsofthecountrytoseetheexhibition.Therehavebeenmany_presidentsinAmericanhistory._changeshavetakenplaceinourcountryinrecentyears.Howdidtheycarrysuch_stones?72bignumbergreatGreat/BighugePage73boat/ship73boatshipPage74borrow/lend/keep74Page7575Page76both/each.both“两个都”而each则强调“各个”如：Bothofuswonaprize.我们两人共同赢得了一个奖。Eachofuswonaprize.我们每个人都赢得了奖。.both用作句子主语时，谓语总是复数，如：Boththesebooksaremine.而each常用单数。但在下列情况下用复数，即它在复数名词或代词之后。如：Theyeachhavebeautifulstamps.76Page77bring/take/fetch/get/carry77Page7878Page79选用bring，fetch，take，carry填空。1.Willyoupleasethechildtohismother?2.Nexttimedontforgetto_meacopyofyourwork.3.Pleasethelettertothepostoffice.4.TheboxistooheavyforJoeto.5.Please_methenewspapersinthatroom.79takebringtakecarryfetchPage80but/however1.从语义上看，but所表示的是非常明显的对比，转折的意味比however强。2.从语法上看，but是个并列连词，而however却是个副词。3.从语序上看，but总是位于它所引出的分句之首，而however却可位于分句之首、之中或之尾，但在翻译成汉语时，一定要把它放在分句之首。4.从标点上看，but之后一般不得使用逗号，但however位于分句之首时，通常用逗号；位于分句之中时，通常在其前、后各加一个逗号；位于分句之尾时，则必须在其前加逗号。80Page81Welovepeace_wearenotafraidofwar.Hehasntarrived.Hemay,_,comelater.Youcanphonethedoctor._,IdoubtwhetherhewillcomeoutonaSaturdaynight.Hesaidthatitwasso.Hewasmistaken,_.他说事情是这样的，然而他错了。81buthoweverhoweverhoweverPage82by the end of/at the end of/in the endby the end of:“到末为止”，后可跟过去时间与过去完成时连用，也可跟将来时间，而与将来时连用。at the end of:“在结束时、在的尽头”，可用以指时间或处所，强调一段时间的结束点或某段路程的终止处。In the end：“最终、最后”与atlast或者finally同义。Ourschoolheldasportsmeeting_lastyear._thisstreetyoullfindabookshop._lasttermwehadlearnedfiveEnglishsongs._theycaughtthethief.82attheendofAttheendofBytheendofIntheendPage83can/be able to1.can只有两种时态,即can和could,而beableto有多种时态,如was/wereableto,will/shallbeableto,have/hasbeenableto等。2.can只有两种时态,即can和could,而beableto有多种时态,如was/wereableto,will/shallbeableto,have/hasbeenableto等。3.can能表猜测，beableto不能。can的这种用法主要用于疑问句和否定句。4.can可以表“允许”,与may可以互换,此时不能用beableto代替。83Page84“can”or“beableto”?I_swimtothebankaftertheboatturnedover.It_beourteacherwhoisknockingatthedoor.“_Isithere？”“Yes,please.”84wasabletocantCanPage85can/may两者都可用来表示“请求”或“允许”的意思can一般表示客观情况的“允许”，而may一般表示说话人主观的“允许”。两者都可用来表示“可能性”。在陈述句中，can表示“客观上的可能性”，而may表示“主观上的可能性”。表示现实可能性时，can常常用在否定句和疑问句中，持怀疑或不相信等态度，而may通常不用在疑问句中，持猜测或判断等态度。在否定句中，cant表示“不可能”，语气比较肯定；maynot表示“可能不，也许不”，语气不是很肯定。85Page86【独特个性】1.may含有一种“义务”的意思在内，而can没有。Youmaykeepthebookforthreedays.2.can表示有凭体力、脑力、技术等可以去做某事的“能力”，而may没有这层意思。3.表示客气地请求或征求意见时，提问要用can的过去形式could，但不是过去时的意思。4.在否定疑问句中，表示惊讶、赞叹等时用can，而不用may。如：Cantyousee?难道你看不见吗?86Page871.MayIputmybikehere?No，you_.Youshouldputitoverthere.A.couldntB.needntC.mustntD.wont2.Excuseme.Readthetextlouder，please.I_hearyou.A.cantB.wouldntC.needntD.maynot3.MayIuseyourdictionary?_.A.OfcoursenotB.Youmay，ifyoulikeC.No，IdontmindD.Itdoesntmatter4._Ihaveyourname，please?Yes，Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.A.MustB.WillC.MayD.Need87Page88care about/take care of/care for.takecareof“照料=lookafter,即指喂饭照看等。它还可表所负的责任。.careabout表你是否认为某件事是重要的，某件事是否引起了你的兴趣或使你忧虑，常用于疑问句或否定句中，后接从句时，about一般都要省略。.carefor有以下几种意思1）“照料”（特别是多用在正式的或较文的文体中）了。2）“关怀”“关心”3）“喜欢、愿意”（多用在疑问句或否定句中）careforsb.todosth.如：88Page89He_herdeeply.Mysister_thechildrenwhileweareaway.Doyou_yourfuture?89caresfortakescareofcareaboutPage90cause/reasonreason着重指解释或说明某事发生的理由或原因,cause着重指产生或造成某事发生的原因,往往指造成不好的影响。1.The_forwhichhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.2.The_oftheaccidentwashiscarelessness.90reasoncausePage91close/near/nearby/next tonear，closeto，nextto表示位置时，near仅指一般的近，两物体间可能还有些距离。closeto和nextto则比near(to)更近些。closeto强调紧贴、伸手可及，(建筑物)相连等。nextto强调从左右方向上看甲就在乙的旁边，或两物体接近等。试比较：(1)Shesatnearme.(2)Shesatclosetome.(3)Nexttome,onmyleft,wasawomanindarkblue.(4)Thewomanheldthebabyclosetoherbreast.91Page92complete/finishcomplete:在表示动词“完成”之义时，侧重于表达完成得比较圆满。另外，complete还有形容词词性，表示“完成的，完整的”。finish：在表示“完成之义时，侧重于表示”结束了，做完了”，并没有什么好坏之分。Whenyoumarrytherightgirl,youarecompleted.Whenyoumarrythewronggirl,youarefinished.92Page93cost/spend/pay/take主语是人1)spend往往用于以下句型：（sb）spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth.(sb)spendsomemoney/sometime(in)doingsth.2）pay为“付款、赔偿”，用于sb.payssomemoneyforsth主语是物cost常用用法是sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。主语是it或物take常用于“占用、花费”时间，句式是：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosthSth.takessb.sometime.93Page94wish/want/hope/expectwant1、want+n./pron.想要某物2、Want+todosth.要做某事3、Want+sb.todosth.(需)要某人做某事。wish表示客观上不太可能实现的希望或表示祝愿。1、wish+todosth.希望做某事2、wish+sb.todosth.希望某人做某事3、wish+thatclause但愿.(从句要用虚拟语气)94Page95hope强调主观上的“希望”。常用于：1、hope+todosth.希望做某事2、hope+thatclause希望.注意hope后不能跟复合宾语.expect强调客观上可能实现的“期望”，“期待”等。1、expect+n./pron.盼望或期待某物2、expect+todo.sth.期望做某事3、expect+sb.todosth.盼望某人做某事。4、expect+thatclause期望/期待.95Page96desk/table96Page97develop/developing/developed97Page98die/dead/deathdead是形容词、死亡的、一般出现在完成时中就have/hasbeendeaddeath是名词、死亡、die就是普通的行为动词dying是将要死的意思He_fiveweeksago.Hisgrandfather_forfiveyears.Hewassentencedto_.98diedhasbeendeaddeathPage99die for/die from/die of/die away/die down/die off/die out1.diefor表“为某一目的、事业等而死”;“渴望、极想”。2.diefrom.表“死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等)”。(除疾病或情感以外3.dieof表“死于(疾病、情感、饥饿、年老等)”。的原因4.dieaway“消失;停息”5.diedown指灯火等慢