人教版英语必修3-Unit4词汇讲解--资料课件.ppt

Words and Expressions 必修三必修三 Unit 41.astronomy/n.C/天文学天文学New discoveries were made in astronomy,geography and medicine.astronomer/n./天文学家天文学家I joined the Young Astronomers Club.astronaut/n.C/宇航员宇航员Yang Liwei becomes the first Chinese astronaut.2.system/n.C/系统，体系；制度；系统，体系；制度；/n.U/条理，秩序条理，秩序the solar system 太阳系太阳系a social system 社会制度社会制度under the new/old system 在新在新/旧制度下旧制度下They have an alarm system in the house.他他们们房子里装有房子里装有报报警系警系统统。3.theory/n.U/理论理论We should combine theory with practice.evolution theory 进进化化论论in theory 理理论论上上4.violent/adj./violent/adj./猛烈的；激烈的；猛烈的；激烈的；violently/adv./猛烈地；凶猛地猛烈地；凶猛地violence/n./暴力，暴行暴力，暴行with violence 猛烈地，猛烈地，强强有力地有力地have a violent temper 脾气暴躁脾气暴躁takeby violence 抢夺抢夺.Whatever happens,we will never use violence.5.unlike/prep./&/adj./unlikely/adj./不大可能的不大可能的likely/adj./可能的可能的It is likely that很可能很可能.be likely to do sth.可能做某事可能做某事Unlike his father,Tom is humorous and easygoing.6.harmful/adj./be harmful to 对对有害有害harm/n./&/v./损损害，害，伤伤害害do sb.harm/do harm to对对.有害有害There is no harm(in)doing sth.=It does no harm(for sb.)to do sth.（某人（某人)做某事无害做某事无害处处7.exist/v./存在，生存存在，生存exist as 作作.而生存，以而生存，以形形态态存在存在exist on 靠靠.生活生活/生存生存exist in 存在于存在于.中中There exist(s)existed.某地有某地有.;存在存在.existence/n./存在，生存存在，生存come into existence(=begin to exist)产产生，成立生，成立in existence 现现存的，存在的存的，存在的8.puzzle/n./谜，难题谜，难题 /v./（使）迷惑（使）迷惑puzzle about/over 苦苦思索，仔苦苦思索，仔细细琢磨琢磨puzzled/adj./迷惑不解的；困惑的迷惑不解的；困惑的be/feel puzzled at/about.对对.感到迷惑感到迷惑puzzling/adj./令人令人费费解的解的puzzlement/n./迷惑迷惑9.physicist/n./物理学家物理学家physics/n./物理（学）物理（学）physical/adj./肉体的，身体上的肉体的，身体上的physical labour 体力体力劳动劳动physical change 物理物理变变化化physical science 自然科学自然科学physically/adv./身体上；肉体上身体上；肉体上反反义义：metal 物物质质的，自然界的的，自然界的10.extict/adj./(生物)绝种的,灭绝的(官官职职等等)废废除了的除了的;无合法无合法继继承人的承人的(法令等法令等)过时过时的的;失效的失效的an extinct family 已已绝绝嗣的家族嗣的家族an extinct species 已已灭绝灭绝的物种的物种 an extinct volcano 死火山死火山 All hope was extinct.一切希望都破一切希望都破灭灭了。了。11.pull/v./&/n./拉，拖；牵引力拉，拖；牵引力pull down 拆拆毁毁pull through 康复，痊愈康复，痊愈pull up 停停车车，停止，停止pull in(火火车车等）到站，等）到站，进进站；站；驶驶向路向路边边（或某（或某处处）停靠）停靠Dont worry;your father is going to pull through.12.exhaust/vt./使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽使筋疲力尽；用完，耗尽There is no need to exhaust yourself clearing up.近近义义：tire sb.(out)/wear out 使疲使疲惫惫不堪不堪 use up=run out of 用完，用光用完，用光 give out=run out 用完，用光用完，用光 give out 筋疲力尽筋疲力尽exhausted/adj./筋疲力尽的，耗尽的筋疲力尽的，耗尽的exhausting/adj./令人筋疲力尽的令人筋疲力尽的exhaustive/adj./彻彻底的，全面的底的，全面的exhaustion/n./筋疲力尽，耗尽筋疲力尽，耗尽1.in time 及时及时in time for sb.to do sth.来得及（做）来得及（做）.,及及时时（做）（做）on time 按按时时，准，准时时at times 有有时时，偶，偶尔尔at no time 在任何在任何时时候都不；决不候都不；决不 （至于句首（至于句首时时，主句使用部分倒装），主句使用部分倒装）in no time 立即，立刻立即，立刻at a time 依次依次2.lay eggs 下蛋下蛋lay/vt./放置；安放；放置；安放；产产卵，下蛋卵，下蛋She laid the baby down gently on the bed.Bettys birthday party is going to be held in the living room,with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.A.laid B.chosen C.gotten D.hadA3.give birth to 产生，分娩；引发，造成产生，分娩；引发，造成by birth 血血统统上，生来，天生的上，生来，天生的at birth 出生出生时时bring.to birth 使使产产生生Religious differences between them gavebirth to a ar.4.in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人in turn 依次，依次，轮轮流流take turns in sth./to do sth.轮轮流做某事流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮轮到某人做某事到某人做某事You can take turns to use the computer.5.prevent.from 阻止，制止阻止，制止lprevent sb.(from)doing sth.=stop sb.(from)doing sth.在主在主动语态动语态中中from 可以省略，而在被可以省略，而在被动语态动语态中中from 不可以省略。不可以省略。keep sb.from doing sth.中的中的from 无无论论在主在主动语动语态态中中还还是在被是在被动语态动语态中都不可以省略。中都不可以省略。protect.from.表示表示“保保护护.不受不受.损损害害”from后接能后接能带带来来伤伤害或害或损损害之物。害之物。6.cheer upcheer(sb./sth.)up（使）感到高（使）感到高兴兴；（使）感到振（使）感到振奋奋cheer sb.on 为为某人加油某人加油cheers!干杯！干杯！Cheer up!We are near the finishing line.7.now that 既然，由于既然，由于课文原句：“Oh dear,”walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”now that 引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略引导原因状语，在口语中可以省略that.与与now that 意思相近的有意思相近的有seeing that,since 等。等。就像就像although/though不能与不能与but连用，连用，because 不能与不能与so连用一样连用一样，当当now that 引导的从句表引导的从句表示原因时，主句前不能加示原因时，主句前不能加so.辨析辨析now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说说明已明已经经成成为为事事实实的原因的原因.because 语语气最气最强强，回答是用，回答是用why提提问问的的问问句，句，表示直接的或表示直接的或为为人所不知的原因。人所不知的原因。since表示表示间间接附接附带带的众所周知的原因，意的众所周知的原因，意为为“既既然然”，常放在句首。，常放在句首。as 表示一种明表示一种明显显的、已知的理由，意的、已知的理由，意为为“由于由于”for 是并列是并列连词连词，用来，用来补补充充说说明理由或提供一种明理由或提供一种解解释释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。面。7.now that 既然，由于既然，由于l注意：引注意：引导导原因状原因状语语的介的介词词短短语语：due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of,owning to,on account of 等。等。Now(that)you have mentioned it,Ill keep it in mind.8.get the hang of得知得知的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；的窍门；熟悉某物的用法；理解某事理解某事Typing is easy once you get the hang of it.9.break out 突发，爆发突发，爆发The fire broke out last night in his neighbours further.break into 强强行行进进入某入某处处break in 强强行行进进入入break down 停止运停止运转转；失；失败败；垮垮掉掉break up 解散，分解解散，分解break through 取得突破取得突破10.watch out for 留意留意Watch out!There is a car coming.小心！有小心！有车车来了。来了。拓展：拓展：watch over 照照顾顾；监监督；保督；保护护keep a watch 守望，注守望，注视视be under a close watch 被被严严密密监视监视11.block out 1）挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）挡住，遮住（光线，声音等）2）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）忘掉，抹去（不愉快的事）Black clouds blocked out the sun.The memory was so terrible that she tried toblock it out.拓展拓展block off（用路障）封（用路障）封锁锁，堵住，堵住block up 塞住，封住（孔、洞）塞住，封住（孔、洞）block ones way 挡挡住某人的去路住某人的去路block sth.in/out 草草拟拟；画；画.的的简简略略图图12.depend on/upon依赖，依靠；取决于依赖，依靠；取决于The poor man depends on his son to earn money.依靠某人做某事依靠某人做某事depend on/upon sb.to do sth.depend on/upon ones doing sth.That/It(all)depends.依情况而定。依情况而定。.句型透视句型透视1.“so.that”句型句型The earth _(变变得如此猛烈得如此猛烈以至于以至于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.2.“make it possible to do sth.”结结构构This produced a chain reaction,which _(使生命的生使生命的生长发长发育成育成为为一种可能一种可能).became so violent thatmake it possible for life to develop.句型透视句型透视3.“倍数倍数+as+adj./adv.+as”句型句型But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _(是地球上是地球上的两倍的两倍远远)and fell over.4.now that引引导导的原因状的原因状语语从句从句Walking does need a bit of practice_(既然地球引力已既然地球引力已发发生了生了变变化化).twice as for as on the earthnow that the gravity has changed.句型透视句型透视5.This produced a chain reaction,which 5.This produced a chain reaction,which made it made it possiblepossible for life to develop.for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应这就产生了一系列的反应,使得生命得以发展了。使得生命得以发展了。make+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语名词或形容词名词或形容词不带不带to 的不定式的不定式 to do 过去分词过去分词 v-ed介词短语介词短语make+it+/adj./&/n./+不定式不定式/从句从句find,feel,think,take也有这样的用法也有这样的用法.句型透视句型透视(1)“.倍数倍数as形容形容词词/副副词词as.”表示表示“是是的几倍的几倍”,该该句型也可用句型也可用half,one-fourth等等词词,表示表示“是是的一半的一半/四分之一四分之一”等。等。(2)有关倍数的表达方式有关倍数的表达方式还还有：有：.倍数形容倍数形容词词/副副词词的比的比较级较级than.倍数倍数the名名词词of.倍数倍数 +what 从句从句.倍数倍数thatofB.The(计计量量)名名词词(size/height/length/width)of.句型透视句型透视1.This road is twice as wide as that road.2.What I get is twice more than Mr.Wang.3.The price of the house this year is twice what it was last year.4.The room is twice the size of my brothers room.