高三高考英语语法复习特殊句式（课件）.ppt

高考英语语法复习之特殊句式省略、插入语与反意疑问句省略、插入语与反意疑问句 翻译下列句子，指出画线部分的表达特点1.Turn to me for help if_necessary.1什么是英语中的省略？什么是英语中的省略？如有必要来找我帮助。if necessary是省略表达，相当于if it is necessary。一、省略一、省略 2.My brother is a doctor while_my_sister_a_nurse.3.Do as_told_to.1 我哥哥是医生，姐姐是护士。while my sister a nurse是省略表达，相当于while my sister is a nurse。按照吩咐的去做。as told to是省略表达，相当于as you are told to do it。4.How time flies!1 时间过得好快啊！How是省略表达，相当于How fast。1 从语法角度而言，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于表达简洁的需要，在句中并不出现，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。翻译下列句子，指出各省略表达 1.(1)He spent a quarter looking through his speech.2省略有哪些情况？省略有哪些情况？省略介词 他花了一刻钟浏览演讲稿。(looking through 前省略了in)(2)Ive studied English five years.(3)The earthquake occurred last month.(4)Try it this way!2 省略介词 我已学5年英语了。(five years前省略了for)省略介词 地震发生在上个月。(last month前省略了in)省略介词 用这种方法试一下。(this way前省略了in)2.(1)Child as he was,he did quite well.(2)He was a teacher before he turned writer.2省略冠词 虽然是孩子，但他做得很不错。(child 前省略了a)省略冠词在成为作家前他是教师。(writer前省略了a)3.(1)I believe you will succeed.(2)Ill give you all I have.(3)The way he speaks is boring.2 省略that 我相信你们会成功的。(I believe后省略了that)省略that 我要把我所有的一切都给你。(I have前省略了that)省略that 他说话的方式很烦人。(The way后省略了that)4.(1)Beg your pardon.(2)Sit down,please!2 省略主语 请你原谅。(Beg 前省略了主语 I)省略主语 请坐！(Sit down前省略了主语 you)5.(1)Who next?(2)The river is deep and the mountain high.2 省略谓语 该谁了？(Who 后面省略了谓语 comes)省略谓语 河水很深，山很高。(mountain 后面省略了 is)5.(3)Well do what we can.(4)I run faster than he.2 省略谓语 我们将尽力而为。(can 后面省略了动词do)省略谓语 我比他跑得快。(he后面省略了动词runs)6.(1)Are you ready?Yes,I am.(2)He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth.2 省略表语 你准备好了吗？我准备好了。(am 后面省略了 ready)省略表语 他还是像年轻时那样，是一位运动爱好者。(had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports)7.Lets do the dishes.Ill wash and youll dry.8.How he behaved!2 省略宾语 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语the dishes)省略宾语 让我们洗碗吧，我来洗，你来揩干。(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语the dishes)9.(1)What exciting news!(2)How exciting a match!2 感叹句中省略主语和连系动词 What exciting news(it is)！多么令人激动的消息啊！感叹句中省略主语和连系动词 How exciting a match(it is)！多么令人激动的比赛啊！10.(1)If necessary,we shall send a telegram home.(2)Whenever possible,he will come to my help.2 省略it is 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。If necessaryIf it is necessary。省略it is 他一有可能就来帮助我。Whenever possible Whenever it is possible。11.(1)While cycling,dont forget the traffic lights.(2)I wont go to the party unless invited.2 省略从句主语和be动词 骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。(While cyclingWhile youre cycling)省略从句主语和be动词 除非被邀请否则我不会参加晚会。(unless invitedunless I am invited)12.(1)What about having a game of chess?(2)How come they left you alone here?(3)What if its raining?2 固定词组中的省略：下盘棋怎么样？固定词组中的省略：他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？固定词组中的省略：如果天下雨怎么办？(4)Why not try again?(5)So what?2固定词组中的省略：为什么不再试试呢？固定词组中的省略：那又怎样呢？13.(1)He may leave if he wishes to.(2)Dont go till I tell you to.2省略了不定式符号 to后面的内容。他可以走，如果他愿意的话。(to后省略了leave)省略了不定式符号 to后面的内容。等我叫你走你再走。(to后省略了go)14.(1)No parking.(2)Not at all.2 No或not引起的省略视上下文而定省略内容。禁止停车。(No parking后省略了 is allowed here.)No或not引起的省略视上下文而定省略内容。不用谢。(Not at allYou neednt thank me at all)15.(1)Should it rain tomorrow,we would change our plan to go on an outing.(2)Were it not for your advice,I would be at a loss.2 虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should,可将if省略，将这些词语提前。假如明天下雨，我们就改变郊游的计划。虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should,可将if省略，将这些词语提前。要不是你的建议，我现在不知所措了。(3)Had it not for the rain,the crops would have died.2 虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should,可将if省略，将这些词语提前。要不是那场雨，庄稼已经干死了。2 省略是在不影响上下文意思的情况下，将句子表达重复的部分或不必表达出来的部分去掉的语言现象。省略的情况比较复杂，主要情况有：1.省略介词。2.省略冠词。3.省略宾语从句引导词，定语从句关系代词that 及先行词为way的定语从句引导词that。4.祈使句中省略主语。2 5.口语表达或并列结构及比较句型中省略谓语。6.简单回答及比较句型中省略表语。7.上下文意思清晰时，省略宾语。8.感叹句中省略状语。9.感叹句中省略主语和连系动词。在以 if,when,though,as if(好像)等连词引导的从句中，如从句中的谓语动词含有be，主语是it,常将it和动词 be 省略。2 在以 由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句；由although,though,even if/though等引导的让步状语从句；由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句；由as,as if等引导的方式状语从句；由as,than等引导的比较状语从句中，如从句中的谓语动词含有be,主语与主句主语一致，常将从句主语和动词 be 省略。10.固定句型引导的疑问句的省略。2 11.在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号 to。12.no或not引起的省略。13.虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should,可将if省略，将这些词语提前。翻译下列句子并分析画线部分的句子成分1.(1)To_be_honest is the best policy.(2)To_be_honest,_I dont like big cities like Guangzhou and Shanghai.1 什么是插入语？什么是插入语？诚实乃上上策。To be honest：主语。老实说，我不喜欢广州和上海这样的大城市。To be honest：插入语。二、插入语二、插入语 2.(1)Its generally accepted that fatness invites many diseases.(2)Generally,_the faster drivers drive their cars,the more dangerous it will be.1 人们普遍认为肥胖引发多种疾病。generally：状语。一般来说，司机开车开得越快，危险性越大。Generally：插入语。3.(1)I was once luckily the winner of the World Miss Contest and everything changed overnight.(2)Luckily,_the accident caused no death.1 我曾经有幸成为世界小姐大赛的优胜者，我的一切从此转眼改变。luckily：状语。幸运的是，事故没造成死亡。luckily：插入语。4.(1)What_surprised_me,_my friend went abroad alone without his family.(2)What_surprised_me was that he should have set up 3 big companies in less than 5 years.1 使我吃惊的是我的朋友抛开了家庭只身去了国外。What surprised me:插入语。使我吃惊的是他竟然在不到5年的时间里开了3家大公司。What surprised me:主语。1 英语中的插入语是插在句子中的一个词，短语或从句，通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开，它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系，因此，也可称为独立成分。插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释，说明或总结；有时表示说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上1启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接得更为紧密。插入语虽然不是句子的主干成分，但插入语的准确使用，会起到润色句子，使句子生色的作用。翻译下列句子，指出句中插入语的类型1.Strange,there is nobody in the classroom.2插入语有哪些类型？插入语有哪些类型？很奇怪，教室里没人。形容词Strange作插入语。2.Luckily for you,I happen to have the key.3.In short,we should not stop halfway.2 你很幸运，我正好带了钥匙。副词短语Luckily for you作插入语。简言之，我们不能半途而废。介词短语In short作插入语。4.Considering his age,he did very well.5.Given the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.2 从年龄考虑，他干得挺不错。现在分词短语Considering his age作插入语。鉴于他的健康状况，手术后康复还需要一段时间。过去分词短语Given the general state of his health作插入语。6.To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.7.All in all,her condition is greatly improved.2 坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。动词不定式To be frank作插入语。总的来说，她的情况有很大好转。代词词组All in all作插入语。8.If I may say so,we know nothing about it.9.Its a great mistake,I think,not to accept their proposal.2 正如我所说的，我们对它一无所知。从句If I may say so作插入语。依我看，不接受他们的建议是个大错误。句子I think作插入语。2 插入语大致可分为以下9种类型：1.形容词或形容词短语作插入语。如：worse still,sure enough,strange,most important of all等。2.副词或副词短语作插入语。如：personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,for us,though,besides,exactly,surely,frankly,still,otherwise 等。2 3.介词短语作插入语。如：of course,in short,as a matter of fact,by the way,on the other hand,in my opinion,in conclusion,in other words,above all等。4.现在分词短语作插入语。如：generally speaking,judging from/by，talking of，considering等。5.过去分词短语作插入语。2 如：Given/Provided 6.动词不定式作插入语。如：to be sure,to be frank，to tell you the truth，to be honest，to cut a long story short，to be exact，to put it another way，to put it simply等。7.代词词组作插入语。如：all the same，all in all等。2 8.从句。如：if so/not/any,if I may say so,if you dont mind,as you know,as you say 9.句子作插入语。如：I say/hear,I think/hope/believe,you know/see,whats more,that is(to say),Im afraid,do you think/suppose等。注意：插入语如不在句首，前后应有标点隔开。翻译下列句子，指出下列疑问句的类型1.Are you interested in Chinese calligraphy?1什么叫反意疑问句？什么叫反意疑问句？你喜欢中国书法吗？一般疑问句。三、反意疑问句三、反意疑问句 2.Do you like sports or music?3.How is everything going?1 你喜欢运动还是音乐？选择疑问句。情况怎样？特殊疑问句。4.Didnt you ask me to come here for a book?5.Why not go on a holiday to relax yourself?1 你不是要我来拿一本书吗？修辞疑问句(反问句)。何不去度假放松一下？修辞疑问句。6.Nobody is perfect,are they?1 没有人是十全十美的，是吗？反意疑问句。1 疑问句有很多形式，反意疑问句是疑问句的一种，由前后两个部分组成。前一部分是对人或事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的提问。一般情况下，若陈述部分用肯定式，则疑问部分用否定式；反之，若陈述部分用否定式，则疑问部分用肯定式。反意疑问句既可以表示真实疑问，也可以表示说话人的某种倾向、强调或反问。完成下列反意疑问句1.The students and their teacher are discussing how to improve their teaching efficiency,_？2.The residents didnt agree to the former housing plan,_？3.He dislikes having porridge for breakfast,_？2学习反意疑问句应注意哪些方面？学习反意疑问句应注意哪些方面？arent they did they doesnt he 4.I dont believe such a theory holds water,_？5.Everything is ready,_？6.There seem to be 5 free buses to go to the mall,_？2 does it isnt it dont there2 学习反意疑问句应重点注意四点：1肯定和否定形式的选择。一般情况下，肯定和否定交错出现。但具体情况比较复杂，如加前缀，后缀构成的否定词视为肯定情况，那么疑问部分用否定。2.主语的确定。主语应转化为代词，而且要注意其单复数。如everything作主语，用单数代词it提问，但everybody作主语，用复数代词they提问。因2此，要把握常见句式提问时主语的规律性。3时态的照应。提问应注意前后时态的一致性。4复合句中要注意就主句提问还是从句提问。一般情况下，就主句提问，但否定前移的句式就从句提问。学习反意疑问句的难点是要掌握足够量的典型句式，准确把握其正确用法。完成下列反意疑问句 1.Dogs arent friendly to cats,_？2.Lets have further discussion about it,_？3.Dont forget to phone me,_？3反意疑问句常见句式有哪些？反意疑问句常见句式有哪些？are they will you shall we 4.He seldom watches TV,_？5.John said nobody was fit for the job,_？6.Nothing can stop us now,_？7.Someone is waiting for you,_？8.There seemed to be any trouble,_？9.We had to take the first train,_？3 does he didnt he can it arent they didnt there didnt we 10.My brother often has colds,_？11.I must answer the letter,_？12.You must have studied English for many years,_？13.Youd like to have some tea,_？14.What beautiful weather,_？15.It is Tom and Jack who often play football,_？3 doesnt he neednt I/mustnt I havent you wouldnt you isnt it isnt it 16.Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear,_？17.Burns dislikes dancing,_？18.Learning how to repair motors takes him a long time,_？19.I wish to go home now,_？20.Im interested in English,_？3 is it doesnt he doesnt it may I arent I 21.The Turners often go to the cinema on Sunday,_？22.Thats not important,_？23.Everyone is here,_？24.Neither of the books is interesting,_？25.Its impossible,_？26.He has a good time on Sunday,_？3 dont they is it arent they are they isnt it doesnt he 27.Youd better go and ask for her now,_？28.I need help very much,_？29.He must be in the classroom,_？30.Please try on the coat,_？31.So you are right,_？32.What a lovely day,_？3 hadnt you dont I isnt he will you/wont you are you isnt it 33.He said he was going to help me,_？34.Were not going to stay with our parents this summer,_？35.Neither you nor I am a doctor,_？36.Youd like to help with my work after school,_？37.I dont believe that he will come on time,_？3 didnt he are we are we wouldnt you will he 38.You dont know when the building will be completed,_？39.Tom has been reading stories,but he didnt read this afternoon,_？40.That China is a great socialist country is well known,_？41.There is little ink in my pen,_？42.She dislikes smoking,_？3 do you did he isnt it is there doesnt she 43.He ought to go and ask him,_？44.He used to get up early,_？45.He has to go to see the doctor,_？46.We must study all the subjects well,_？47.You must have lost the book yesterday,_？3 oughtnt he/shouldnt he usednt he/didnt he doesnt he neednt we didnt you 48.The girl darent go home alone,_？49.Dont forget to write a letter to me,_？50.I dont suppose you can finish the work in time，_？51.Its my sons wedding and Ill have to look my best for it,_？3 dare she will you can you wont I 52.Let me help you，_？may I3 反意疑问句主要句式总结如下：1.there be 句型中，反意疑问部分的主语用there。2.Im 结构中，反意疑问部分一般用arent I。3.当陈述部分为主从复合句时，反意疑问部分通常就主句提问。4.主句为I think/I dont think,I suppose/I dont suppose,I believe/I dont believe的复合句时，反意疑问部分就从句提问，且要注意否定的转移。3 5谓语动词为have/has/had，表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分可直接就其提问，也可以借助助动词does/do/did提问。谓语动词为have/has/had，不表示“有”含义时反意疑问部分只能借助助动词does/do/did提问。6当陈述部分带有never,nothing,nowhere,seldom,hardly,rarely,few,little 等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。37当陈述部分的谓语动词是带有un，in，dis等否定前缀的动词，则仍然把陈述部分看作肯定句，反意疑问部分用否定形式。8当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，反意疑问部分在英式英语中可用ought也可用should形式。3 9当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分需视must的含义而定。当must表示“命令或强制”时，反意疑问部分用mustnt。当must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句用neednt。当must表示推测意义时，反意疑问部分不用mustnt，而根据对应的实际时态分别就一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时，现在完成时提问。310当陈述部分带有need/dare时，根据need/dare的情态动词用法或实义动词用法来提问。11had better或 would rather/would like 时，反意疑问部分就had 或would提问。have to 借助助动词提问。12当陈述部分是肯定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you(would you)，wont you。当陈述部分是否定形式祈使句时，反意疑问部分一般用will you(would you)。313Lets开头的祈使句时，反意疑问部分用shall we;Let us 开头的祈使句，反意疑问部分则用will you。14I wish或Let me 开头的祈使句，用May I提问。15非谓语动词作主语，常用it提问。16主语为句子，常用it提问。17It is/wasthat强调句型，常用it提问。318陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。19陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常用复数they。20并列复合句的疑问部分，就邻近分句提问。21陈述部分由neithernor，eitheror等连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。322陈述部分前有强调词，此时为反问语气，后面提问的肯定、否定形式与前面保持一致。23感叹句省略主语时，要就原来的主语提问。根据实际情况回答下列反意疑问句1.North Korea is a socialist country，isnt it?_.2.India isnt a developing country，is it?_.4反意疑问句怎样回答？反意疑问句怎样回答？Yes，it is Yes,it is 3.Beijing isnt the capital of China,is it?_.4.Shanghai isnt the capital of China,is it?_.No,it isnt4Yes,it is4 反意疑问句的回答分两种情况理解。当陈述部分是肯定时，与汉语回答是一致的，因而容易理解。重点是要掌握陈述部分为否定时，与汉语回答的不同之处。换言之，要排除汉语干扰，培养英语思维。陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句回答时注意三点。第一，回答时先完整地回答句子。如：India is a developing country(而不是简单回答It is);第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式；第三，根据肯定或4否定形式确定Yes或No，肯定用Yes否定用NO，注意回答的一致性。以“Shanghai isnt the capital of China,is it？”为例，第一，回答时先完整地回答句子：Shanghai is not the capital of China.(上海当然不是中国的首都);第二，判断完整回答中的肯定或否定形式：否定；第三，根据否定形式确定No.注意回答的一致性：No，it isnt.可见，在陈述部分为否定的反意疑问句的回答中，Yes翻译成“不”，而No翻译成“是”。