高考英语语法专题复习15主谓一致（课件）.ppt

15主谓一致主谓一致主谓一致谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数一致数一致,这就叫主谓一致这就叫主谓一致.I am a teacher She often does her homework in the morning.There is only one box on the table.There are 50 students in our class.但是如果主语不是单一的，或主但是如果主语不是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）一般要根据语法一致（从前原则）意义一致就近原则意义一致就近原则一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式，语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。E g:E g:（1 1）The The number number of errors of errors was was surprising.surprising.错误之多错误之多是惊人的是惊人的（2 2）WeWe love love our motherlandour motherland.二、二、意义一致原则意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为谓语动词应采取复数形式，主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。E gE g（1 1）The The crowd crowd werewere fighting for their lives.fighting for their lives.这些人正为生存而战斗。这些人正为生存而战斗。（2 2）Three years in a strange landThree years in a strange land seems like a long time.seems like a long time.在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。三、就近原则三、就近原则谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。的形式，来决定其自身的数的形式。E g(1)Not only his children but also he himself wants to go there.(2)Either my wife or I am going to work there.就近原则的使用情况：就近原则的使用情况：当作主语的两个名词或代词由当作主语的两个名词或代词由or,eitheror,eitheror,neitheror,neithernor,nor,whetherwhetheroror.not only not only but alsobut also，notnotbutbut连接时连接时;在在there bethere be./here be./here be句型中句型中(1)There _a lamp,two pens and three books on the desk.(2)Here _some envelopes and paper for you.(3)Not only his family but also he _(喜欢）喜欢）Chaplins movies.(4)You or I _ going to receive them this afternoon.isarelikesam5.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A.is B.are C.am D.be6.There _ in this room.a.are too much furniture b.is too many furnitures c.are too much furnitures d.is too much furniture7.Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.a.is b.are c.has d.was8.Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.a.attends b.attend c.are attendingd.have attended9._ was wrong.a.Not the teacher but the students b.Both the students and the teacherc.Neither the teacher not the students d.Not the students but the teacher10.He didnt say whether some English novels or an English dictionary _ wanted.A.are B.isC.was D.were 有有together with,with,as well as,but,except,besides,rather than,including,along,along with,like.连接并列主语时连接并列主语时,采取从前采取从前原则原则.1)They,together with Tom ,_ going to swim this afternoon.(be)2)No one but your parents _ there then.(be)3)He,like you and your brother,_ very clever.(be)4)The teacher,including his students,_going to see Professor Tell.(be)5)Mary,together with his sisters _ gone back.(have)arewasishashas1.An expert,together with some assistants,_ to help in this work.A.was sent B.were sent C.is sending D.are sending2._ either he or I fit for the job?Neither he nor you _.A.Am;are B.Is;are C.Are;are D.Is;is3.Nothing but cars _ in the shop.A.is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.A.is offered B.have offered C.are offered D.has offered5.Not only the whole nation,but the whole Europe,indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.a.need b.needs c.has a need d.have a need6.To tell you the truth,I,as well as the other students,_ hungry.A.sure am B.am sure C.sure are D.are sure由由and and 或或both-andboth-and 连接主语，谓语连接主语，谓语动词用动词用复数复数。1.A poet and a novelist have visited our school.2.Wu Dong and Wu Xi _ twin brother.(be)are1.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A.has B.have C.areD.is2.The secretary of the Party branch and the director of that factory often _with the workers.A.works B.workC.is workingD.are working如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语用单数单数。Eg:1）The teacher and writer is her friend.2)Butter and bread is her favorite food.3)A journalist and author _(live)in the house 4)The doctor and professor _(be)coming at once.livesis1.The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.beB.was C.are D.were2.Wisky and soda _ his favorite drink.a.is b.arec.were d.have been3.Light and heat _often sent out together with heavy smoke.A.is B.was C.are D.being4._ was wrong.a.Not the teacher but the students b.Both the students and the teacherc.Neither the teacher not the students d.Not the students but the teachereveryand(every);each and(each);no and(no);many a and(many a)连连接接两两个个单单数数名名词作主语时，谓语动词词作主语时，谓语动词 用单数。用单数。1.Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.(be)2.Many a boy and girl _made the same mistake.(have)3.No boy and no girl _(be)in the classroom.4.Many a student _ (like)pop songs.ishasislikes1.Each man and woman _ the same rights.a.has b.have c.had d.is having2.Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.a.have realizedb.has realized c.have been realizedd.has been realized3.No chair and no desk _ permitted to be taken away from the reading room.A.are B.wereC.isD.be4.Many a father _learnt to his sorrow what it is to have a son who tells lies.A.have B.isC.are D.has5.Every man,woman and child _ some history,enough at least,to survive in the world.a.knows b.know c.is known d.are knownsome(of),plenty of,a lot of,most(of),the rest of,all(of),half(of),part(of),the majority of,分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+名词名词等短语作主语时，谓语动词与等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 后的名词或则和其替代的名词后的名词或则和其替代的名词保持数的一致。保持数的一致。1)A lot of students _ waiting outside.(be)2)More than 70 percent of the surface _(be)covered by water.3)The rest of the money _ (belong)to you.are/wereisbelongs1._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,areC.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are2.I have finished a large part of the book;the rest _more difficult.A.isB.are C.was D.were 3.Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.a.has been kept b.is being kept c.have keptd.have been kept4.The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.a.is b.arec.were d.be5.The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.a.are believedb.had believed c.has believed d.believe6.Three-fourths of the buildings _.a.was destroyed b.is destroyedc.were destroyed d.has been destroyednone 有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要有时作单数看待，有时作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。根据说话人的意思决定。eg.None of the books are easy enough for us.None of us has a camera.None of the money is paid to me.one/every one/each/either/neither/the other/another anybody/anyone/anything/somebody/someone/something/everybody/everyone/everything/nobody/no one/nothing/the number+of+复数名词作主复数名词作主语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数语或是独立充当主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each of the students has a book.Neither of them has told me.Either of the answers is right.1.They each _ a new dictionary.A.has B.have C.isD.are2.Each of you _ responsible for the accident.a.am b.be c.is d.are 3.Each of the students in our class _great interest in English and they each _ a copy of New English-Chinese Dictionary.A.shows；haveB.have；hasC.is；have D.takes；has4.The two sisters are forced to play the piano.In fact，neither of them _ to play it.A.likeB.likedC.likesD.liking5.Nobody but his family _the secret.A.know B.are known C.have known D.knewone and a half做主语时，做主语时，谓语动词用做单数。谓语动词用做单数。One and a half years has passed.One and a half apples has rotted away.more 复数名词复数名词 than one 和和 more than one 单数名词的意义相同，均表示单数名词的意义相同，均表示“不只一个不只一个”，但前者用作复数，后者用作，但前者用作复数，后者用作单数。单数。more than+两个以上的数字两个以上的数字+名词名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。复数做主语时，谓语动词用复数。More students than one were punished.More than one student was punished.More than two hundred persons are present.More than one was killed in the battle.1.More than one worker _ dismissed.a.have been b.arec.has been d.has2.More than one graduate _ sent to the hardest place since 1979.A.is B.are C.has been D.have been表示表示时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡时间，数目，距离，价格，度量衡等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待等名词的复数作主语，并作为整体看待时，谓语动词用时，谓语动词用单数单数。1)Four hours is enough to do the experiment.2)Ten dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.3)Thirty feet is long enough.1.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”a.Will be b.Is c.Are d.Were2.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a.are b.has c.is d.were算术中的动词单复数都可以算术中的动词单复数都可以,多用单数。多用单数。Two and two makes/make four.Three times three is nine.集合名词集合名词class,family,army,enemy,team,group,government,staff,audience,crowd,public,committee 等等作主语时，作主语时，若强调整体，谓语用若强调整体，谓语用单数单数，若表，若表示示组成该集体的成员，谓语用组成该集体的成员，谓语用复数复数。Eg:1)be My family _very large.His family _waiting for him.2)be/have The class _ made up of 54 students.All the class _gone to the playground.isare/wereishave1.The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.a.has argued b.has been arguing c.have argued d.have been arguing2.The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.a.is b.was c.are d.has been3.His family _ always quarrelling among _.A.is；itselfB.are；themselvesC.is；themselvesD.are；itself有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓有些名词本身表示复数概念，其谓语动词用语动词用复数复数形式，如形式，如people,police,cattle,goods,youth,clothes 等。等。Eg:1)The police _ after a thief.2)Cattle _ on grass.(feed)3)All the goods _ arrived.(have)arefeedhave1.Cattle _ on the hillside.a.grazes b.is grazing c.was grazing d.were grazing2.The youth of China today _ trying their best to study modern science and technology.A.is B.wasC.wereD.are“定冠词定冠词+adj/分词分词”表示一类表示一类具体具体的人或物的人或物时，谓语用时，谓语用复数复数，若表示，若表示某一某一抽象概念抽象概念，则用，则用单数单数。1)The old _taken good care of here.(be)2)The old _(give)place to the new.3)The true _(be)to be distinguished from the false.4)The rich _(be)for the plan,but the poor against it.aregivesisare1.The wounded _ by the hospital.A.have been taken in B.has been taken inC.have taken inD.has taken in2.In that country,the rich _ richer,the poor,poorer.a.become b.has become c.becomes d.is becomingwhat,who,which,any(of),more,most,all(of),half(of),part(of)等代等代词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复词作主语，谓语可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。数，主要看它们指代的是什么来决定。1)Which is your room?2)Which are your rooms?3)All that can be done has been done.4)All of the workers are skilled.5)A man who thinks only himself can never be happy.6)He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.一个不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓一个不定式，动名词，从句作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定语要用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用式，动名词或是从句做主语时，谓语用复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，复数。但是如同这两个结构指一个概念，仍然用单数。仍然用单数。Reading is a good way.To say it is one thing,to do it is another.What he says and what he does do not agree.Early to go to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.1.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decidedB.are not decidedC.has not decided D.have not decided2.What caused the accident _ on the road.a.were stone b.were stonesc.was stone d.was stones 3.Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.a.involve b.involves c.involving d.to involve clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语时，等无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与在定语从句中，谓语动词总是与先行词保持一致。先行词保持一致。1、He is one of the students who are modest.2、He is the only one of the students who is modest.3、All those who want to go on a journey,please sign your names here.在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第在倒装句中，谓语动词往往与其后的第一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句一个主语取得一致。也就是说，倒装句要采用就近原则。要采用就近原则。Where is your mother and your sisters?In the room was found a hat,a few suits of clothes and some shoes and socks.1.Between the two rows of trees _ a teaching building and two dormitores.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are2.On the wall _two large portraits of his parents.A.hangs B.hanged C.hanging D.hang3.Growing around the lake _ wild flowers of different colors.A.isB.are C.hasD.have一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，一个肯定的主语和一个否定的主语，同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主同时并用，谓语的数往往依肯定的主语而定。语而定。You,not I,are to be praised.I,not you,am be blame.以以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语，谓语用单数。语用单数。Maths is a useful subject.His“Selected Poems”_first published in 1970.A.was B.were C.had been D.have been1.The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.a.lies b.lie c.lay d.lays2.Mathematics _ the language of science.a.is b.has been c.are d.have been由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。结尾的专有名词作主语谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.表示成双成套的名词，如：表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers,shorts,shoes,socks,scissors,glasses,compasses,等等做主语时，谓语动词用复数。做主语时，谓语动词用复数。Toms trousers are too long.Your glasses are on your nose.There is a pair of shoes under the bed.The pairs of shoes have worn out.Where_my scissors?_ right on the desk.A.are;ItsB.is;ItsC.are;They areD.is;They are1._ this pair of trousers fit him well?A.AreB.Is C.DoD.Does2.Strangely enough，a pair of new trousers _among the rubbish.A.were found B.was foundC.found D.had found(1)A cart and a horse in the distance(2)A cart and horse in the distance Awas seen Bwere seenCSeeDseesBA2.The factory,including its machines and buildings,burnt last nightAis Bare Cwere Dwas 3.(1)The students in our school each an English dictionary (2)Each of the students in our school an English dictionary Aare having Bhad Chas Dhave DC4.(1)Many students that mistake before (2)Many a student that mistake before Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made CD5.I,who your good friend,will share your joys and sorrows Awas Bare Cis Dam6All but him and me to the cinema Aare going Bis goingCwas going Dhas going 7Some person calling for you at the gate Awill be Bis being Cis Dare 8The population of China larger than that of the USA Awill be Bare Cis Dwas9Deer faster than dogs Awill run Bare running Cruns Drun10Every means tried,but there is no resultAhave been Bhas been Cwill be Dwere 11This pair of trousers my sisterMy trousers Ais belong to;is being washed Bbelongs to;are being washedCbelong to;are being washed Dare belonging to;has been washed13.To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training Awas Bis Care Dwere14What I want an interesting book while what he wants two cups of coffeeAis;are Bare;is Bis;is Dare;are 15.Most of the artists will go to the United States next week.The rest _ to visit Japan.A.has B.have C.are D.is16._your clothes?No,mine _ hanging over there.A.Is it;is B.Are there;are C.Is it;are D.are these;is17.Large quantities of fruit _ all over the world from China today.A.is shipped B.are shipped C.has shipped D.have shipped18.All possible means _to save the wounded soldier.A.has been tried B.have been tried C.is to be tried D.are trying19.Sixty percent of the milk _ horrible.A.tasted B.taste C.was tasted D.were tasted20.One thousand dollars _ a large sum of money in her eye.A.are B.is C.should be D.seem to be21.It _ William and Carol who helped me the other day.A.has been B.are C.was D.were22.Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A.is not decided B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out23.Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.a.are b.has c.is d.were24.All that can be done _.a.has done b.has been done c.have done d.have been done25.One or perhaps more pages _.a.is missing b.has been missed c.are missing d.was missing