《简介词的分类》PPT课件.ppt

English LexicologyvTeachinghours:32hr/16weeksvFinalscore:100points-30points(attendance,classperformance)-70pointstestvChapterOnevvIntroductionvMaincontents:1.definitionoflexicology,word,vocabulary2.developmentofEnglishvocabulary3.reasonsfortherapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabulary4.significanceofEnglishlexicology5.contentsofEnglishlexicology1.lexicology-abranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabularyofalanguageandthepropertiesofwordsasthemainunitsoflanguage2.wordv-thebasicunitofspeechvandminimalfreeformvwhichhasagivensoundvandmeaningandvgrammaticalfunction v3.vocabulary(lexis/lexicon)v-allthewordsinavlanguagetogetherv#VocabularyofapersonvSpeakingvocabularyvWritingvocabularyvReadingvocabularyvGuessvocabularyv3.1Thedevelopment/evolutionofEnglishvocabularya.oldEnglish(450-1150)b.middleEnglish(1150-1500)c.modernEnglish(1500-present)3.2Reasonsfortherapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularya.politicalreason:armraceBushismsit-inchairpersonchairwomanvb.economicreason:EuroElectronicFundTransferAutomaticTellerMachinevc.scientificreason:behaviorsciencebionicsreadoute-mailInternetvd.culturereason:OpenUniversitytalkshowsurf-ridingskyridingve.influenceofotherculturesandvlanguagesmaotaichopstickssputnik4.significanceofEnglishlexicologyvenlargeyourvocabularyvdevelopyourabilitytoguessthemeaningofwordsvbecomeawareofwordmeaningsindifferentcontextsandtousewordscorrectly5.Contentsoflexicology1.)classificationofEnglishwordsv2.)morphologicalstructuresofEnglishwords3.)wordformationv4.)4.)motivationv5.)senserelationbetweenwordsv6.)meaningandcontextv7.)changesinwordmeaningv8.)Englishidiomsv9.)AmericanEnglishChapterTwoclassificationofEnglishwordsvMaincontents:v1.wordsclassifiedbyoriginv2.wordsclassifiedbylevelofusage3.wordsclassifiedbynotionvAimoflearningthesourcesofEnglishwordsv-understandthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglishwordsv-knowthecharacteristicsofbothnativeandforeignelementsv-knowhowtousewordsproperlyv-knowhowtoappreciatewordsusedindifferentdiscourses1.(Words classified by origin)(sourcesofEnglishvocabulary)ElementsmakinguptheEnglishvocabulary70%30%NativeelementsvNativeelementsdenotewordsofAnglo-Saxonorigin.TheybelongtooriginalEnglishstock.v(about30%)characteristicsofnativeelementsv-all-nationalcharacterv-greatstabilityv-word-formingabilityv-widecollocabilityv-pluralityofmeaningsv-stylisticallyneutralforeignelements(loan-words/borrowedwordsborrowings/aliens)vForeign elements refer to wordstakenoverfromanyotherlanguages.v(about70%)v(Latin,Greek,French,Russian,Chinese,etc.)vwaysforloan-wordstocomeintothelanguagev-throughoralspeechv-throughwrittenbooksvkindsofforeignelements v(a)Denizens归化词归化词 -wordsborrowedearlyinthepastandnowarewellassimilatedintotheEnglishlanguage,e.g.:vcall,die,husband v(b)Aliens舶来词舶来词v-borrowedwordswhichhavekepttheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling,e.g.:vcoupdetatvvis-visvdeluxev(c)-Translation-loans仿译词仿译词v-wordsandexpressionsborrowedvfromthematerialalreadyexistinginvtheEnglishlanguagebutaccordingvtopatternstakenfromanothervlanguagebywayofliteralvmorpheme-for-morphemevtranslation,e.g.:v black humor-humour noirborrowingsfromChineseinEnglish（5%）（about100）politics:yamen paper tiger the big leap forwardvvHistoricalfiguresHistoricalfigures:v Menciusv Confucianv Chiang Kai-shekvCulture:v Tai Chi,Wushuv Kunfu,typhoonv chin-chin,kwai-tse v chi,feng shui v iron-rice bowlv xiahai vFoodanddrinksvsoy,chow mein,chou fanv lo mein,moo goo gai panv tofu vPlantsvlitchi,mango,kaoliang,ginsengvOthers:vmahjiang,silk,wok,kang,vyuan,jiao,fen,coolie,vkow tow,shanghaiBorrowingsfromEnglishinChineselanguage vpolitics:v民主民主democracyvscience:v声纳声纳-sonar,vdance:v探戈探戈-tangovdailylife:v的士的士taxi，三明治三明治-sandwich2)mon(popular)words-coverordinarythingsoractivitiesnecessarytoeverydaylife-stylisticallyneutralandusedbothonformalorinformaloccasion.b.literarywords-mainly used on formal occasion,especially in writing.c.colloquial words-commonly used in spoken English,as in conversations among friends.d.technicalwords-used in various special fields such as in art,sports,scientific fields,etc.v3.)wordsclassifiedbynotion-contentwords-functionwordsDiscussion:1.WhydowesayEnglishisaheavyborrower?2.Enumerate the causes for the rapidgrowthofneologismafterWWII.*3.Commentonlanguagecontact.v3.Explain the origins of the v wordsvson,horse,snow,home,vcourt,crown,authority,confessionvKimono,tycoon vtyphoon,China,kaoliangvCzarvgeometry,tragedy