java编程思想中文308.pdf

Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?1?47? email:?2002?7?chinapub?!#?$%!?&(?)?*+,?-.&/0(1 2?3?4 5(?6 7,?8 9?3?:);8?(?A?B 3 C?D E?Bruce EckelFG(H I J K?(?L?(?M?N O P A?!Q?$R S?T T U?3?1000V W(?X?YZ R S?(?4?_ a?b:?c?!Q,?d?(e?f 9?g7?h?i j kl,D m(n o?4?c p q r s t?(?u*?v w$?x y 1(Uz !,?(|?/?3?3?c?e?*?e?X?(?$?(?*?u?c?,?m?i?*?3?;?i?=(?1?3 e?=?X?Q$?X 3 ,?3?(“?(“(?D E?V%fifl?(?X?A F?fl?”?3C?Q$?,?m?Bruce Eckel?(“?,1000V W?=?G X?D E?m 3?m (?8 Y?(The genesis of the computer revolution was in a machine.The genesis of our programming languages thus tends to look like that machine.?3?w?Z?|?“;?$X OBruce%(?3?K?(?1?F?J(?1?(?;B,?V?J J (?X?X (?f (?M?%?(r?F?V,?X;?F?K?c?;K?(?X?X?b:(?”?(?Q?g10?-?7u?K?mC%k l,?N O?3 C?F?K?E?3?K?3? 1(?X?Y?v w#?,?”?(?1?(?7;?!3?J?(?shhgs 2003?9?8?Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?2?47?8:?(interface)?(inner cl as s)?,3?(?*!(?8?$?C+?m?X#$(?%&?;(!?J av au D E”m?)*?+,“&?A fl?%?v w?-?./?F?70 ,abstract?-?A;F?1 2 3?3V?m O 4(?55 !,?6 3?T O 4?%7 A(?8?QO 4?in te rf ace?-9 1 2,3?c:!(?;?X?(?”g?in te rf aceX?A?3?;?3?!J A g V?B?(C D?A?,?EC+(V?8(mu l tip l e inh eritance)(F;?f 9 Q?3?G H(I J K?(?L?P 3?k gM 3?”g?Z G H 55A?N O w?P Q?(s u rro u nd ing cl as s)R O 55?S?V“?X T U?;?A !?V W X Y(K?3 D?4 Z;P?T r?g+,u*?(interface)in te rf ace?-3 _ ,abstract(?a?E P A|?b(abstract?A;?“&O 4?(L?cd?e f g(?h?i?m?(j?in te rf ace?E k l cm?&?A n 0?static?f in al(?in te rf ace?X o?in te rf ace(p?D m q?r?(?v w s?t?%?%?g,?in te rf ace?N O A m Y?u?,?in te rf ace”v?1 O 4?u 4(w x(p ro to co l)?(m?y !(?z(?protocol?-Q1?)%|1 2in te rf ace?%Pcl ass?-|?in te rf ace?,?3?E Fin te rf ace?-?Jp u bl ic(?m?F?(in te rf aceZ?E?)?3?P A?.?6 Ap ack ag e?A?;?)?3?p ack ag e,?%1 2 3?,?(3?)in te rf ace(?imp l e me n ts?-?A(p?in te rf ace%#?q?s?ZThinking in Java 3rd Edition?3?47? email:?r?F?%#?q A?y 1?(r?u?A?8?Z e?E?(?,?(?L?E?Wo o d win d?Brass!?3?,?in te rf ace?A?,3?E?8?(?,?E Pin te rf ace(?$?p u bl ic(?S?X?A?p u bl ic(?D E?imp l e me n ts 3?in te rf ace(?M?P?in te rf ace(?O 4?p u bl ic(?X?Z T?YA?”?p ack ag e?(?8?(?”?g?J av a(?D X?(?E?(I n stru me n t?*g?3 C?Fin te rf ace?$?I n stru me n t(?m v?$?p u bl ic(?A?p u bl ic(L /:c08:music5:Music5.java/Interfaces.package c08.music5;import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;import c07.music.Note;interface Instrument Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?4?47?/Compile-time constant:int I=5;/static&final /Cannot have method definitions:void play(Note n);/Automatically public String what();void adjust();class Wind implements Instrument public void play(Note n)System.out.println(Wind.play()+n);public String what()return Wind;public void adjust()class Percussion implements Instrument public void play(Note n)System.out.println(Percussion.play()+n);public String what()return Percussion;public void adjust()class Stringed implements Instrument public void play(Note n)System.out.println(Stringed.play()+n);public String what()return Stringed;public void adjust()class Brass extends Wind public void play(Note n)System.out.println(Brass.play()+n);public void adjust()System.out.println(Brass.adjust();class Woodwind extends Wind public void play(Note n)System.out.println(Woodwind.play()+n);public String what()return Woodwind;public class Music5 private static Test monitor=new Test();/Doesnt care about type,so new types /added to the system still work right:static void tune(Instrument i)/.i.play(Note.MIDDLE_C);static void tuneAll(Instrument e)for(int i=0;i e.length;i+)tune(ei);Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?5?47? email: public static void main(String args)/Upcasting during addition to the array:Instrument orchestra=new Wind(),new Percussion(),new Stringed(),new Brass(),new Woodwind();tuneAll(orchestra);monitor.expect(new String Wind.play()Middle C,Percussion.play()Middle C,Stringed.play()Middle C,Brass.play()Middle C,Woodwind.play()Middle C );/:A K?(y 1?X?P A J A g 3?I n stru me n t(?3?I n stru me n t(abstract?3?I n stru me n t(in te rf ace?A(y 1?3 (?J?;?tu n e()Q?I n stru me n tg h?abstract?3in te rf ace?A(?LA?%&?%FY?J?!(1 2?Java?in te rf aceX?3?b(abstract?A?m?3“(?7)in te rf aceX t?55?$in te rf ace?55?X”m?fiin te rf aceu 4(fl?3 C fl?%?m?”g x?a?b?c(?FC+*?V?(?fl?F3 9(?v?1 V?8(mu lti ple i n h e ri ta n ce)?7)?m A?(?”Q?V X (?J av a;1?(?m 3?E m?J av a?(?M?X”m?,L Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?6?47?J av a?X _?3 O%?8abstract?”(?(?X abstract?(?)?;?8 3?flin te rf ace(?D m(B?(b as e el ements)?in te rf ace?P D m(?k Fimp l e me n ts?-?P A?E;m?%?t V?in te rf ace?E?J A t?3?in te rf ace?D?%?,?3?”(?i?in te rf ace?9 Q?1 2 3?(?L/:c08:Adventure.java/Multiple interfaces.interface CanFight void fight();interface CanSwim void swim();interface CanFly void fly();class ActionCharacter public void fight()class Hero extends ActionCharacter implements CanFight,CanSwim,CanFly public void swim()public void fly()public class Adventure public static void t(CanFight x)x.fight();public static void u(CanSwim x)x.swim();public static void v(CanFly x)x.fly();public static void w(ActionCharacter x)x.fight();public static void main(String args)Hero h=new Hero();t(h);/Treat it as a CanFight u(h);/Treat it as a CanSwim Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?7?47? email: v(h);/Treat it as a CanFly w(h);/Treat it as an ActionCharacter /:?E?He ro?m?f ig h t()(O 4?in te rf ace (9?(?E?8 A(?J?”$g)?8?Q(?in te rf ace?|1 2 3?h(!?YZ?h?D m O 4?He ro?m$?(?f ig h t()(O 4?Actio n C h aracte r?,?D EHe ro;?;1 2 !,?Ad v e n tu re?m?1?c(?1 2!Q(He ro!?E v A *t?3?$A v J A ,?in te rf ace?X?%?%&)(K?3?%?F)?FJ av a*(+,?J?%#?(z j (L;?J A g V?B?h(b as e ty p e)?(?7?J?Pabstract?T B?c?(L?%?+?%&?1 2?(!?3?Q,3?Lg h?in te rf ace?abstract?in te rf ace ,abstract?(?,in te rf ace(?%B?(+,?E Xk?&?(O 4?v w V/?in te rf ace?J?N O?;”?B?(?v w V/?P A T?in te rf ace?m FX?X O 4?3?&?(?Z;P A?abstract?3?;m?%?V?(?M?;”g 3?FJ?*?C an F ig h t?Actio n C h aracte r m 3?3?3 (v o id f ig h t()?m?A?(?3?X?3?L/:c08:InterfaceCollision.java interface I1 void f();interface I2 int f(int i);Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?8?47?interface I3 int f();class C public int f()return 1;class C2 implements I1,I2 public void f()public int f(int i)return 1;/overloaded class C3 extends C implements I2 public int f(int i)return 1;/overloaded class C4 extends C implements I3 /Identical,no problem:public int f()return 1;/Methods differ only by return type:/!class C5 extends C implements I1 /!interface I4 extends I1,I3 /:?U%?)?(X?E X;?e fg Q?(?P b?e (?”!?(?L I n te rf a ce C olli s i on.j a v a:2 3:f()i n C ca n n ot i mple me n t f()i n I 1;a tte mpti n g to u s e i n compa ti b le re tu rn ty pe f ou n d :i n t re q u i re d:v oi d I n te rf a ce C olli s i on.j a v a:2 4:i n te rf a ce s I 3 a n d I 1 a re i n compa ti b le;b oth d e f i n e f(),b u t wi th d i f f e re n t re tu rn ty pe?F%?(?k J?”?%(?*?DE?Z T?i n t e r f ac e?E?8?in te rf ace?(?E?8 P V?in te rf ace?3?(in te rf ace?F?e?D?g(?3?(interface?L/:c08:HorrorShow.java/Extending an interface with inheritance.interface Monster void menace();interface DangerousMonster extends Monster void destroy();Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?9?47? email: interface Lethal void kill();class DragonZilla implements DangerousMonster public void menace()public void destroy()interface Vampire extends DangerousMonster,Lethal void drinkBlood();class VeryBadVampire implements Vampire public void menace()public void destroy()public void kill()public void drinkBlood()public class HorrorShow static void u(Monster b)b.menace();static void v(DangerousMonster d)d.menace();d.destroy();static void w(Lethal l)l.kill();public static void main(String args)DangerousMonster barney=new DragonZilla();u(barney);v(barney);Vampire vlad=new VeryBadVampire();u(vlad);v(vlad);w(vlad);/:Dan g e ro u sMo n ste r?Mo n ste rT,3 C?0?3?(in te rf ace?Drag o n Z il l a9?,?V amp ire(?8(inh eriting interfaces)D?m(?e xte n d s?;?)?7)3?in te rf ace?E 7 V?1 2 (in te rf ace(?M?E?e xte n d sQ?V?B?(b as e interfaces)?j D E?L Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?10?47?/:c08:Months.java/Using interfaces to create groups of constants.package c08;public interface Months int JANUARY=1,FEBRUARY=2,MARCH=3,APRIL=4,MAY=5,JUNE=6,JULY=7,AUGUST=8,SEPTEMBER=9,OCTOBER=10,NOVEMBER=11,DECEMBER=12;/:?3?J av a(?c?(?3?(?H)Q?f?(static f in al?interface?p u b l ic?E (p ack ag e Y?imp o rt c0 8.*3?c0 8.Mo n th sP A Q?;F?p ack ag e(?Mo n th s.J ANUAR Yu?(?Q?,?g(?3?in t?A?m C+(e n u mY(?h?c?(?()C?%8?F?%?c?%?V?(?v?c?K?(?fl?U?)?%?(?h?c?E?1 2 3?L?/:c08:Month.java/A more robust enumeration system.package c08;import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;public final class Month private static Test monitor=new Test();private String name;private Month(String nm)name=nm;public String toString()return name;public static final Month JAN=new Month(January),FEB=new Month(February),MAR=new Month(March),APR=new Month(April),MAY=new Month(May),JUN=new Month(June),JUL=new Month(July),AUG=new Month(August),SEP=new Month(September),OCT=new Month(October),NOV=new Month(November),DEC=new Month(December);public static final Month month=JAN,FEB,MAR,APR,MAY,JUN,JUL,AUG,SEP,OCT,NOV,DEC ;Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?11?47? email: public static final Month number(int ord)return monthord-1;public static void main(String args)Month m=Month.JAN;System.out.println(m);m=Month.number(12);System.out.println(m);System.out.println(m=Month.DEC);System.out.println(m.equals(Month.DEC);System.out.println(Month.month3);monitor.expect(new String January,December,true,true,April );/:Mo n th?3?p riv ate?c(f in al?X;?8A?3?1 2 A(?D m?7?1 2(?f in al static(LJ AN?F EB?MAR?-?!v?)mo n thc?3?(Mo n th!(c?E A 3?c?n u mbe r()?E?v?(Mo n th!?main()?E!?Z T?h?c(?m?3?Mo n th(!?D E A?;v?Mo n th?3?*?Mo n th.j av aD e f(?3?in t(g?;”?(in t?J A(g?X?fl?c?j Fmain()(b?i D?8?j av a.u til.C al e n d ar m 3?mo nth(?&?A p ach e(J ak arta Co mmo ns x?k l,3?1 2?h(y”?A(F;?J?E?9 Q?YZ?http:/jakarta.apache.org/commons?(l ang?k?o rg.ap ach e.co mmo n s.l an g.e n u m?x?m?V(?;”fl m?(?Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?12?47?D O 4(cm?static?f in al(?A?X;?(finalcm?&?E?fl?(?Q A?f?L/:c08:RandVals.java/Initializing interface fields with/non-constant initializers.import java.util.*;public interface RandVals Random rand=new Random();int randomInt=rand.nextInt(10);long randomLong=rand.nextLong()*10;float randomFloat=rand.nextLong()*10;double randomDouble=rand.nextDouble()*10;/:7)cm?&?static(?(?M?3?cm?&(?M f?3?G H(?L/:c08:TestRandVals.java import com.bruceeckel.simpletest.*;public class TestRandVals private static Test monitor=new Test();public static void main(String args)System.out.println(RandVals.randomInt);System.out.println(RandVals.randomLong);System.out.println(RandVals.randomFloat);System.out.println(RandVals.randomDouble);monitor.expect(new String%-?d+,%-?d+,%-?d.d+E?-?d+,%-?d.d+E?-?d+);/:?cm X?(?A?F?(?E?F?E?F?3 C?,?Vfl m ()C L/:c08:nesting:NestingInterfaces.java package c08.nesting;Thinking in Java 3rd Edition?13?47? email: class A interface B void f();public class BImp implements B public void f()private class BImp2 implements B public void f()public interface C void f();class CImp implements C public void f()private class CImp2 implements C public void f()private interface D void f();private class DImp implements D public void f()public class DImp2 implements D public void f()public D getD()return new DImp2();private D dRef;public void receiveD(D d)dRef=d;dRef.f();interface E interface G void f();/Redundant public:public interface H void f();void g();/Cannot be private within an interface:/!private interface I public class NestingInterfaces public class BImp implements A.B public void f()class CImp implements A.C public void f()/Cannot implement a private interface except /within that interfaces defining class:/!class DImp implements A.D /!public void f()Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?14?47?/!class EImp implements E public void g()class EGImp implements E.G public void f()class EImp2 implements E public void g()class EG implements E.G public void f()public static void main(String args)A a=new A();/Cant access A.D:/!A.D ad=a.getD();/Doesnt return anything but A.D:/!A.DImp2 di2=a.getD();/Cannot access a member of the interface:/!a.getD().f();/Only another A can do anything with getD():A a2=new A();a2.receiveD(a.getD();/:F?(?8?$!(?v?F?(?3?A?E?p u bl ic3p ack ag e?(?E g?p u bl ic?p ack ag e?(?v?p u bl ic?p ack ag e?p riv ate(?(nes ted cl as s es)?j A.DD?(?1?3?(?#?E?p riv ate(?)?nes ted interfaces?)?nes ted cl as s es?)?YZp riv ate (?m?Z?;”?A?;v?p riv ate(?DI mpY?A.DI mp 2#?A ;v?p u bl ic(?A.DI mp 2?;v?1 A?(?h Q?X;$%t?A?,3?p riv ate?(?p riv ate?,3?_?O 4 Y?(?X?t?h (?$X?J A)(C D,?g e tD()?,p riv ate?(?&“(?LA?3?p u bl ic?i”e f 3?p riv ate?(reference?e f g?w?Z?E?X?(9-?m?55)?(D m?p u bl ic(?.?F?*(?p u bl ic(?A?X;?p riv ate(?Ne stin g I n te rf ace s?,?(,?)%?(?(?M?X 3 O%?F(?p riv ate?;FO 4 A(?f?7(?9 Q?F?(?8?9?X?(?3 C fl?%?j F0:?i X X;?Z%m A?-g?3?-?(?4 u?”?55?(O 4 k g A(P Q?(s u rro u nd ing cl as s)L/:c08:Parcel1.java/Creating inner classes.public class Parcel1 class Contents private int i=11;public int value()return i;class Destination private String label;Destination(String whereTo)label=whereTo;String readLabel()return label;/Using inner classes looks just like /using any other class,within Parcel1:public void ship(String dest)Contents c=new Contents();Destination d=new Destination(dest);System.out.println(d.readLabel();public static void main(String args)Parcel1 p=new Parcel1();p.ship(Tanzania);Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?16?47?/:?sh ip()?(?A?Z e?J+3(?(?v?FP arce l 1,?X?3”?”?)?t?“X;g 3?g?,55?in te rf ace(?,?)?I J?E?S?,?D?g(?3?B?3in te rf ace(reference?/?%?H?(?QO 4 K?A?Z;c?L/:c08:Destination.java public interface Destination String readLabel();/:/:c08:Contents.java public interface Contents int value();/:?F?%&?C o n te n ts?De stin atio n?,?(%8 F?in te rf ace?A?&?p u bl ic(?)?g B?3in te rf ace(reference(?M?m?;”?,?3!A(”?h?D?(L/:c08:TestParcel.java/Returning a reference to an inner class.class Parcel3 private class PContents implements Contents private int i=11;public int value()return i;protected class PDestination implements Destination private String label;private PDestination(String whereTo)label=whereTo;public String readLabel()return label;public Destination dest(String s)return new PDestination(s);public Contents cont()return new PContents();Thinking in Java 3rd Edition email:?18?47?public class TestParcel public static void main(String args)Parcel3 p=new Parcel3();Contents c=p.cont();Destination d=p.dest(Tanzania);/Illegal-cant access private class:/!Parcel3.PContents pc=p.new PContents();/:F?main()?FM 3?Z;“g?P C o n te n tsFG H*?(?P arce l 3?,C?L?P C o n te n t?p riv ate(?D E?,P arce l 3?X;?A?P De stin atio n?p ro te cte d?,P arce l 3?7?p ack ag e(?(?p ro te cte d”?k?)?E P arce l 3(?8?X;?P De stin atio n?$?%&?&(,?m?(?J?X;?!?A p riv ate(?(3?p ro te cte d(?fl?8,?)?j cl ass T e stP arce lD?(?;?X;?7?p riv ate(?(+,?,3?;I h J K?”?h Q?D 9(L*?(ty p e-co d ing d ep end encies)?c?M I J 9 Q(?%&(N z Q?in te rf ace?O?4(?G;?p u bl ic in te rf aceE (?,J av a?3?V K?(”?(fl?)?X;v O 4?p riv ate3p ro te cte d(?A?;?p u bl ic3p ack ag e?(?P d?+?S(?m?V (?X?“D N(?E v 1 2 F?t 3?1?T?Z T m e?7 L