英语语法16种时态.ppt
动词的时态动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时过去过去一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时将来将来一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时将来完成进行时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来过去将来时过去将来时过过去去将将来来进进行时行时过去将来完过去将来完成时成时过去将来完成进过去将来完成进行时行时时式动词的时态动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来时式动词的时态动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdonehave/has beendoing过去过去didwere/wasdoinghaddonehadbeendoing将来将来will/shalldowillbedoingwillhavedonewillhavebeendoing过去将来过去将来woulddowouldbedoingwouldhavedonewouldhavebeendoing时式一、一般现在时的用法一、一般现在时的用法1)describesthingsthathappenonaregularbasis,oftenusedwithadverbsoffrequency时间状语:时间状语:every,sometimes,at,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)describespermanentsituationsTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboilsat100Centigrade.3)describesfixedeventsinthefutureTheplanetakesoffat9:00tomorrowmorning.4)表示格言或警句中。表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。骄者必败。注注注注意意意意:此此用用法法如如果果出出现现在在宾宾语语从从句句中中,即即使使主主句句是是过过去去时时,从从句句谓谓语语也也要要用用一一般般现在时。现在时。例如:例如:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.5)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idontwantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.比较比较比较比较:NowIputthesugarinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第第一一句句用用一一般般现现在在时时,用用于于操操作作演演示示或或指指导导说说明明的的示示范范性性动动作作,表表示示言言行行的的瞬瞬间间动动作作。再再如如:Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第第二二句句中中的的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。6)祈使句中)祈使句中(togivedirectionsorinstructions)Godownthestreet,andthentakethesecondturningontheleft.知识扩展:一般现在时表将来知识扩展:一般现在时表将来知识扩展:一般现在时表将来知识扩展:一般现在时表将来1)下列动词:)下列动词:come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情事情(timetabledorfixedevents)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如:Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)Itwillbe+(aperiodoftime)+before+(thepresentsimpletense).Itwillbeayearbeforewetakepartintheuniversityentranceexaminations.4)在时间或条件句中。在时间或条件句中。WhenBillcomes(不是不是willcome),askhimtowaitforme.cf.IdontknowwhenBillwillcome.IllwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.由由if引导的条件状语从句中可以用引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或或will表表“意愿意愿”,但不表示时态。,但不表示时态。Ifyouwillacceptmyinvitationandcometoourparty,myfamilywillbepleased.如果你愿意接受并如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常高兴。参加我们的舞会,我的家人会非常高兴。Illappreciateitifyouwilldomeafavour.5)在动词在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat,seetoitthat等后。等后。Ihopetheyhaveanicetimenextweek.Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.6)在在themorethemore句型中,从句也要用一句型中,从句也要用一般现在时取代将来时。般现在时取代将来时。eg:2.Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwillget.7)主句为将来时,主句为将来时,nomatterwhat/who/which/when/whatever/whoever/whichever/whenever从句中用一般现在时从句中用一般现在时Whateveryousay,Iwillnotchangemymind.Nomatterwhichyoulike,Illgiveittoyou.二、现在进行时二、现在进行时1.表示现在表示现在(指说话人说话时指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:正在发生的事情。例如:Wearewaitingforyou.2.短期内正在进行的动作短期内正在进行的动作(withinatemporaryperiod),说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.HeisnowlivinginShanghai.(Theactionistemporary.)cf.HelivesinShanghai.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.Iamfeedingtheneighbourscatthisweekwhileshesinhospital.Idontreallyworkhere;Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.3.表示渐变的动词有表示渐变的动词有:get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。等。Theleavesareturningred.Itsgettingwarmerandwarmer.表示当前的动向与趋势表示当前的动向与趋势Technologyisdevelopingrapidly.Playingcomputergamesisbecomingmoreandmorepopularwithyoungpeople.4.表示动作正在进行,但倒装句中用一般表示动作正在进行,但倒装句中用一般现在时现在时如如:Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.5.与与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.YouarealwaysdoingwellHesalwaysaskingthesamequestion.6.状态动词的进行时后面接形容词状态动词的进行时后面接形容词brave;careful;stupid;clever;foolish;polite;kind;shy等时,为等时,为主语所表现的非一般惯性特点或故意的行为。主语所表现的非一般惯性特点或故意的行为。eg:1.Youarebeingveryclevertoday.2.Heisbeingpolite.3.Mysonisbeingagoodboyatthemoment.7.usedtoexpressarrangementsinthefutureWerespendingnextwinterinAustralia.ShesleavingforShanghaitomorrow.(oftenwithwordslikearrive,come,go,leave)Theactionislikelytocontinueafterthetimeofspeaking,butislikelytostopatsomepoint.Itistemporary.eg.Illbewithyouinaminute.ImjustfinishingsomethinginthekitchenImwritingtotellyouthat知识扩展:不用进行时的动词知识扩展:不用进行时的动词知识扩展:不用进行时的动词知识扩展:不用进行时的动词1)1)事事事事实实实实状状状状态态态态的的的的动动动动词词词词。如如:have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister.2)2)心心心心理理理理状状状状态态态态的的的的动动动动词词词词。如如:know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3)3)瞬瞬瞬瞬间间间间动动动动词词词词。如如:accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.4)4)系系系系动动动动词词词词。如如:seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.三、一般过去时的用法三、一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:时间状语有:yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlikethat.3)用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。用过去时表示现在,表示语气委婉礼貌。(1)动词)动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如:等。例如:Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.(2)情态动词情态动词could,would,例如:例如:Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4)用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldturntohimforhelp.注意比较下列句型:注意比较下列句型:注意比较下列句型:注意比较下列句型:Itistimeforsb.todosth“到到时时间间了了;该该了了”,例如:例如:Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。你该睡觉了。Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了;早该时间已迟了;早该了了”,例如:,例如:Itistimeyou went to bed.you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。你早该睡觉了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表表示示“宁宁愿愿某某人人做做某某事事”,例如:,例如:Idratheryou came tomorrowyou came tomorrow.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间一段时间+since分句分句Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含含义义:她她已已不不在在人人间间。)Christinehasbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含含义义:她她现现在在还还活活着着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含含义义:达达比比太太太已不再住在肯塔基州。太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含含义义:现现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)usedto与与wouldusedto-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutno longer happenused to be-describes past states that have changed Heusedtobeateacher.()He would be a teacher.()would-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnow happen with more or less frequencycf.be/getusedto-be/becomeaccustomedtoSometimesthetimebecomesdefiniteasaresultofaquestionandanswerinthepresentperfecteg.1)-Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ivebeentotheopera.-Didyouenjoyit?2)-Ihaveboughtadictionary.-Wheredidyoubuyit?/Whendidyoubuyit?3)-Haveyouseenmystamps?-Yes.Isawthemonyourdeskaminuteago.主句为过去时态,宾语从句中的运用主句为过去时态,宾语从句中的运用 Ididntknowyouwerehere.语境中的语境中的“刚刚,刚刚,在过去在过去”-Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou.Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtobringmeagift.Yourphonenumberagain?Ididntquitecatchit.三、过去进行时三、过去进行时1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过过去去进进行行时时的的主主要要用用法法是是描描述述一一件件事事发发生生的的背背景景;一一个个长长动动作作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3)常常用用的的时时间间状状语语有有:thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句:例句:Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.WhenIgottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.ShewaswatchingTVwhileherbrotherwaslisteningtotheradio.TheWhiteswerehavingdinnerwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift.Iwashelpingmymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.Shewaswritingabooklastyear.ButIdontknowwhethershehasfinishedit.cf.Shewroteabooklastyear.Ithassoldwell.四、四、一般将来时一般将来时1)shall常用于第一人称常用于第一人称cf.Shallhecomein?(Doyouwanthimtocomein?)will可以用于各种人称可以用于各种人称Hewillbeeighteennextmonth.2)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事(事先考虑好)。事先考虑好)。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划,安排要发生的事。计划,安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;itisgoingtorain.Sheisputtingonweight.Sheisgoingtobequitefat.3)be+不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式,意为马上做某事。不定式,意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意:注意:注意:注意:beaboutto不能与不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。将来时的时间状语连用。5)bedoing-adefinitearrangementinthenearfutureImtakinganexaminOctober.(implies:Ihaveenteredforit.)BobandBillaremeetingtonight.(implies:Theyhavearrangedit.)cf.begoingto-anexpressionofintentionImgoingtosellthecar.(Imyselfplantosellit.)Whenhefindsabuyer,hecansay:Imsellingthecar.6)willbedoing-Itmerelystatesthatthisactionwillhappen.Itimpliesanactionwhichwilloccurinthenormalcourseofevents.eg.IllbeseeingTomtomorrow.(perhapstheyworktogether)cf.ImseeingTomtomorrow.(ItimpliesthatTomandthespeakerhasdeliberatelyarrangedthemeeting.)IamgoingtoGuangzhou.I_Kate.(see)Doyouhavesomethingto_toher?(take)willbeseeingbetakenbetobeto和和和和begoingtobegoingto的用法之比较:的用法之比较:的用法之比较:的用法之比较:beto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而begoingto则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:则表示主观的打算或计划。例如:Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(客客观安排观安排)Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.(主观安排主观安排)祈使句祈使句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句的句式中,常用一般的句式中,常用一般将来时。将来时。eg:Hurryupandyouwillgetthelastbusbegoingto/willbegoingto/will的用法之比较:的用法之比较:的用法之比较:的用法之比较:用于条件句时,用于条件句时,begoingto表将来,表将来,will表表意愿意愿。例如:例如:Ifyouaregoingtomakeajourney,youdbettergetreadyforitassoonaspossible.Nowifyouwilltakeoffyourclothes,wewillfitthenewclothesonyouinfrontofthemirror.预见预见Youllfeelbetteraftertakingthismedicine.意图意图(说话时才考虑到的(说话时才考虑到的)-Youforgottoturnthelightoff.-SoIdid.Iwillgoandturnitoff.IinLondonformanyyears,butIveneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.(06重庆)重庆)A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived 典型例题典型例题典型例题典型例题1)Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismaking C.wasmakingD.makes答答案案C.割割伤伤手手指指是是已已发发生生的的事事情情,应应用用过过去去时时。同同时时,when表表时时间间的的同同时时性性,玛玛丽丽在在做做衣衣服服时时提提供供事事情情发发生生的的背背景景,因因此此用用过过去去进行时。进行时。2)Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案答案B.句中的句中的as=when,while,意为意为当当之时之时。描述一件事发。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为发生。句意为在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。句中的句中的fell(fall的过的过去时去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:,是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fallsick。1.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are youthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcometopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup5.Imterriblysorryforbeinglate,butI_thewrongbus.A.catchB.hadcaughtC.caughtD.catching7.Thetruth,sir,isthattheoldman_acrosstheroadwhenmycarhithim.A.wastowalkB.hadbeenwalkingC.walkedD.waswalking8.IreallydontthinkRosewillbeupset,butIwillgoandseeherincaseshe_.A.isB.doesC.willbeD.hasbeen9.Thecomputersmadebyourcompanysellbest,butseveralyearsagonoonecouldhaveimaginedtheroleinthemarketsthatthey_.A.wereplayingB.weretoplayC.hadplayedD.played10.Kateisinhospital.Oh,really?I_._visither.A.didntknow;IllgoandB.dontknow;IllgoandC.dontknow;ImgoingtoD.didntknow;Imgoingto11.Where_theguidebook?Icantseeitanywhere.I_itrighthere,butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;haveputC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;put14.Doyouliveinthiscity?No,we_itforholidays.A.justvisitB.justvisitedC.arejustvisitingD.havevisited15.Howistheoldmannow?Sorry,he_thoughtheydidalltheycouldtosavehim.A.wasdeadB.haddiedC.hasbeendeadD.died16.Thelakewillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures_.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken17.Imafraiditwillbetwomonths_.A.whenIcomebackB.whenIllcomebackC.beforeIcomebackD.beforeIllcomeback18.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look forsomethinghe_intheoffice.A.hadworked,hadleftB.wereworking;hadleftC.working;hadleftD.hadworked;left21.Thenotice_“Nosmoking”.A.istoldB.readsC.tellsD.isread