高考复习名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句名词性从句 1.名名词性从句的种类词性从句的种类名词性从句包括名词性从句包括:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。It matters much whether the headmaster supports our activity.校长是否支持我们的活动校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。很重要。主语从句（形式主语主语从句（形式主语it)主语从句主语从句1.常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语语 That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.2.为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语形式主语it放在放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末It is certain that he will win the match.It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.When the news came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.(摘自摘自2011辽宁高考辽宁高考)当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定去参军.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词名词的后面，的后面，说明这些说明这些名词的含义名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。等。如：如：We heard the news that our team had won.We were happy to hear the news that was announced by our boss.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句We havent discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.(摘自摘自2010全国卷全国卷)我们还没有讨论新家具将放置在什么地方。我们还没有讨论新家具将放置在什么地方。宾语从句宾语从句 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句句放在放在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词之后作宾语。之后作宾语。宾语从句的结构宾语从句的结构主句主句+连接词连接词(引导词引导词)+宾语从句宾语从句I dont know why he is always late for school.We all agree with what you said at the meeting.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.(摘自摘自2010江苏高考江苏高考)在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。那就是那就是我不赞同的地方我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极，你应该拥有更积极性的生活。性的生活。表语从句表语从句 表语从句表语从句 表语从句位于连系动词后表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用有时用as if、though引引导。导。其基本结构为其基本结构为:主语主语+系动词系动词+that从句。从句。1.be,look,remain,等系动词后均可跟表语从句等系动词后均可跟表语从句：My suggestion is that we should go shopping.2.as if 也可引导表语从句。也可引导表语从句。It looks as if its going to rain.3.the reason why is that 和和It is because 等等结构。结构。It was because I got up late.2.名词性从句的常用引导词：名词性从句的常用引导词：1.连接词连接词：that、if、whether不作成分不作成分无意义无意义2.连接代词连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which3.连接副词：连接副词：when、where、why、how“是是否否”作状语作状语作主作主/宾宾/表表1(2011江苏高考江苏高考)It was never clear _the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.AthatBhowCwhen Dwhy答案：答案：D解析：解析：本句意思是这个人没有报告事故的原因不清楚，所本句意思是这个人没有报告事故的原因不清楚，所以正确答案为以正确答案为D项。而不是方式、时间，故排除项。而不是方式、时间，故排除B、C两项，两项，也不是这一事实本身，故排除也不是这一事实本身，故排除that。2(2011重庆高考重庆高考)It is not always easy for the public to see_use a new invention can be of to human life.Awhose BwhatCwhich Dthat解析：解析：考查名词性从句。句意：让人们明白一项新发明对考查名词性从句。句意：让人们明白一项新发明对人类生活有什么用途并不总是容易的。该从句缺少定语，人类生活有什么用途并不总是容易的。该从句缺少定语，变为陈述语序为：变为陈述语序为：A new invention can be of what use to human life.本题易误选为本题易误选为C项，项，which表示表示“在某个范围内在某个范围内的选择的选择”，意为，意为“哪个，哪些哪个，哪些”。本句并未涉及范围，故。本句并未涉及范围，故答案为答案为B项。项。答案：答案：B3(2011陕西高考陕西高考)Id like to start my own business thats _Id do if I had the money.Awhy Bwhen Cwhich Dwhat 解析：解析：考查表语从句。句意：我想自己做生意考查表语从句。句意：我想自己做生意那是我那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do 是及物动词，缺少宾是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以将语，所以将A 和和B 排除，排除，which 引导名词性从句时，意为引导名词性从句时，意为“哪个，哪些哪个，哪些”，一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况。，一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况。不合逻辑，故用不合逻辑，故用what。答案：答案：D4(2012银川部分重点中学模拟银川部分重点中学模拟)Up to now,I havent got any idea _ we should go on with the project.Athat BwhetherCwhat Dwhich解析：解析：考查同位语从句。根据句中的考查同位语从句。根据句中的“I havent got any idea”可知说话人不知道可知说话人不知道“是否是否”应该继续这项工应该继续这项工程，故选程，故选B，引导同位语从句，解释说明，引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。的内容。A项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。答案：答案：B考点一：考点一：区别区别that,what与与which考点二：考点二：区别区别whether 与与if 考点三：考点三：区别区别 whatever,与与no matter what.考点四：考点四：区别区别what,whatever/who,whoever考点五：考点五：it 作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：考点五：名词性从句的语序名词性从句的语序 3.名名词性从句考点归纳词性从句考点归纳:A：what与与thatWhat he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何何成分成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。what 既起连接作用既起连接作用,又在从句中作又在从句中作 主语主语,宾语宾语,表表语语 _ was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句；主语从句；what作主句的主语作主句的主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。考点一：区别考点一：区别that,what与与whichBefore the sales start,I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.(摘自摘自2010山东高考山东高考)(宾语从句；宾语从句；what作作need的宾语的宾语)在商场大减价销售之前，我列了购物单，列出了下在商场大减价销售之前，我列了购物单，列出了下一季孩子们所需的物品。一季孩子们所需的物品。As a new graduate,he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.(摘自摘自2010天津高考天津高考)(宾语从句；宾语从句；what作作take的宾语的宾语)作为一位新毕业生，他不知道在这儿开始事业需要作为一位新毕业生，他不知道在这儿开始事业需要什么。什么。China is no longer _ she used to be.(表语从句；表语从句；what 作作be的表语的表语)中国再也不是从前的中国了。中国再也不是从前的中国了。It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(摘摘自自2010陕西高考陕西高考)(主语从句主语从句;that只起引导作用，不能省略，只起引导作用，不能省略，it形形式主句式主句)我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。我真想不到你竟然说服了他，使他改变了主意。Modern science has given clear evidence _smoking can lead to many diseases.(摘自摘自2011天津高考天津高考)(that引导同位语从句，不能省略引导同位语从句，不能省略)现代科学已经给出了确凿的证据现代科学已经给出了确凿的证据吸烟能导致很吸烟能导致很多疾病。多疾病。One reason for her preference for city life is _she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(摘自摘自2010上海高考上海高考)(that引导表语从句，不能省略引导表语从句，不能省略)她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。出像商场和饭店这样的地方。B:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪一个哪一个)1.Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围；无范围；Which有范围有范围1(2011北京高考北京高考)_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.AWhich BWhatCThat DWhom答案：答案：B解析：解析：考查名词性从句。由句中的考查名词性从句。由句中的is 可知空格处为主语从可知空格处为主语从句的引导词，且该引导词在从句中作句的引导词，且该引导词在从句中作offer 的宾语，故可排的宾语，故可排除除C项；项；which“哪一个哪一个”；whom“谁谁”。故只有。故只有B项正确。项正确。2(2012枣庄高三调研枣庄高三调研)Nowadays more people realize the importance of health and _ health is wealth has been accepted by most of us.Ahow BwhetherCthat Dwhat解析：解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子成分可知，空前的考查名词性从句。分析句子成分可知，空前的and连接前两个分句，后一分句的主语是连接前两个分句，后一分句的主语是_ health is wealth，是个宾语从句，且不缺少任何成分，是个宾语从句，且不缺少任何成分，由此可知应用由此可知应用that引导。引导。答案：答案：C3(2012东城第一学期检测东城第一学期检测)I persuaded my parents _ we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland.Awhat BthatCwhere Dhow答案：答案：B解析：解析：考查名词性从句。分析句式结构可知，这是一个宾考查名词性从句。分析句式结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，由于从句中不缺少任何成分，因此选语从句，由于从句中不缺少任何成分，因此选that。4(2012江苏南通第二次调研江苏南通第二次调研)Is there any possibility _ the little girl can be the champion in the Rio Olympics?Athat BwhichCif Dwhether解析：解析：考查同位语从句。考查同位语从句。that引导的从句是对引导的从句是对possibility的内容的具体解释，两者之间构成同位语的内容的具体解释，两者之间构成同位语关系，据此选关系，据此选A项。项。答案：答案：Awhether和和if引导名词性从句时，可表示引导名词性从句时，可表示“是否是否”之意。之意。if可用可用来引导来引导宾语宾语从句，从句，不可不可引导引导主语主语从句，从句，表语表语从句和从句和同位语同位语从句。从句。whether.or.意为意为“无论无论还是还是”。All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有的人，不管他们是老人还是年轻人，富人还所有的人，不管他们是老人还是年轻人，富人还是穷人，自从发生灾难以来都尽力帮助那些需要是穷人，自从发生灾难以来都尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。帮助的人。考点考点2.区别区别if 与与whether区别区别if 与与whether1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.5.It depends on _ we will have enough money.6._ they can do it matters little to us.7._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.8.I dont know _to go there.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf whether只能使用只能使用whether 的情况：的情况：a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f.直接加动词不定式只能用直接加动词不定式只能用whether（to do）g whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if请你归纳请你归纳doubt的用法的用法doubt作动词作动词I doubt _he is fit for the job.whether/if我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。I dont doubt _he can do it very well.that他能把它做好，我不怀疑。他能把它做好，我不怀疑。Do you doubt _he will succeed?that 你怀疑他会成功吗你怀疑他会成功吗?doubt作名词作名词We have no doubt _ you will succeed.(that)(We have no doubt of your success.）我们毫不怀疑你会成功。我们毫不怀疑你会成功。There is no doubt _ you will succeed.毫无疑问你会成功。毫无疑问你会成功。(that)1(2011重庆高考重庆高考)It is still under discussion_the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.Awhether BwhenCwhich Dwhere答案：答案：A解析：解析：考查名词性从句。句意：那个旧公交车站是否应考查名词性从句。句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中仍在讨论中。“It”作形式作形式主语，主语，“_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为可知答案为whether,“whether.or not”在名词性从句中意为在名词性从句中意为“是否是否”。2(2012南京金陵中学模拟南京金陵中学模拟)In recent years,there has been a heated argument about _ it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.Awhether BifCwhat Dthat解析：解析：考查宾语从句。空白处在介词考查宾语从句。空白处在介词about之后，表之后，表示示“是否是否”之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只之意，且在介词之后引导宾语从句，只能用能用whether，介词后通常不用，介词后通常不用if引导宾语从句。引导宾语从句。答案：答案：A3(2012山西省运城市模拟山西省运城市模拟)Shall we have a picnic tomorrow?It depends on the weather _ we will go.Aif BwhetherCthat Dwhen解析：解析：考查名词性从句。句意：考查名词性从句。句意：“我们明天去野炊吗我们明天去野炊吗？”“我们是否去要看天气而定。我们是否去要看天气而定。”whether引导主引导主语从句，语从句，it作形式主语。作形式主语。答案：答案：B虽然都有虽然都有“无论无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：的意思，但是用法有区别：T or FNo matter who destroys the forest will be punished.Whoever destroys the forest will be punished.no matter 只能引导状语从句，只能引导状语从句，ever既可引导既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句状语从句又可以引导名词性从句.“疑问词疑问词ever”既可以引导既可以引导名词性从句也可引名词性从句也可引导状语从句导状语从句，而，而“no matter疑问词疑问词”只能用来只能用来引导引导状语从句状语从句。考点考点3:疑问词疑问词ever”与与“no matter疑问疑问词词FTThe book can be of great help to _wants to do the job.(no matter who/whoever)whoever那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。_you say，I will not believe you.(no matter what/whatever)Whatever/No matter what无论你说什么，我都不相信。无论你说什么，我都不相信。考点考点4:what,whatever,who,whoever _等引导的名词性从句不含有等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句名词后加一个定语从句，而，而_等引导的名词性从句含有等引导的名词性从句含有疑问疑问意义。意义。_ will take the position isnt decided._ visited the Shanghai World Expo is sure to tell you the place is worthy visiting twice.whoever,whateverWho,what WhoWhoever1(2012宁夏六校联考宁夏六校联考)There are various things on sale,so you can choose _ interests you.Awhoever Bno matter whoCwhatever Dno matter what解析：解析：考查名词性从句。考查名词性从句。whatever引导宾语从句，相引导宾语从句，相当于当于anything that。A项不符合该题语意。句意：有各项不符合该题语意。句意：有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。何东西。答案：答案：C2(2012河南省五市高三模拟河南省五市高三模拟)Volunteering can bring great benefits.So a lot of people grab a paintbrush,a trash bag,or _ they need to help their community in spare time.Awhatever BwhicheverCwherever Dwhenever解析：解析：分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是宾语从句的引分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是宾语从句的引导词，引导词表示导词，引导词表示“无论什么无论什么”，故用，故用whatever。whichever意思是意思是“无论哪一个无论哪一个”，有范围限制。，有范围限制。答案：答案：A3(2012海淀第二学期期中练习海淀第二学期期中练习)Everybody likes to work with _ is reliable and easy to get on with.Awhom BwhoCwhomever Dwhoever解析：解析：考查名词性从句。句意：每个人都喜欢和值得信考查名词性从句。句意：每个人都喜欢和值得信任并且容易相处的人一起工作。任并且容易相处的人一起工作。“whoever is reliable and easy to get on with”是第一个是第一个with的宾语，的宾语，whoever在从句中作主语，相当于在从句中作主语，相当于anyone who。答案：答案：D考点五：考点五：it 作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语it 作形式主语作形式主语1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity.It is a pity that he made such a mistake.2.他来不来不重要。他来不来不重要。_doesnt matter.It doesnt matter whether he will come or not.That he made such a mistakeWhether he will come or not用用it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)It is 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 1.This is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.This It2.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for B it 作形式宾语作形式宾语 make/find/feel/consider/think it +adj/n +that/to doit 指代后面从句所叙述的内容指代后面从句所叙述的内容,常用常用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if 或或when从句从句I hate it when people laugh at the disabled.1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.oneC3.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.He found _.itit difficult to make himself understood考点考点5 语序问题语序问题1.The photographs will show you _ A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like B从句一定用陈述语序从句一定用陈述语序