Description英文写作.ppt
DescriptionDescription of Places,Objects and PeopleContentsvDefinitionofdescriptionvTypesofdescriptionvWaystodevelopadescriptionessayvDescriptionofaplacevDescriptionofanobjectvDescriptionofapersonvAssignmentDescriptionvDescription is the type of writing that helps the reader to see what someone/some place/something is like.vOr we may say description is painting a picture in words of a person,place,object,or scene.vA description essay is generally developed through sensory details,or the impressions of ones senses-sight,hearing,taste,smell,and touch,etc.vLeave out the irrelevant ones and keep those which help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.(sample 1)Types of descriptionvObjective description-record details without making any personal comment.vSubjective description-the writer is free to interpret details for the reader/audience.Note:Few descriptions outside of science writing,however,are completely objective.Ways to develop a description essayvThrough the impressions of ones senses-sight,hearing,taste,smell,and touchvUsing spatial order:describing the physical layout of the place(leftright,bottom top,clockwise/counterclockwise,insideoutside)vUsing chronological ordervUse specific wordsvDecide on the dominant impressionGeneral and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvSpecific words help to make writing clear,exact,vivid,and striking,for they are more informative and expressive than general words.Compare:va good manvkind,honest,just,generous,sympathetic,warm-hearted,selfless,brave,honorablevgood foodvtasty,delicious,nourishing,rich,wholesome,fresh,appetizing,abundantvHousevmansion,villa（别墅）,chateau（庄园）,cottage,bungalow（平房）,cabin,hut,shack,shanty,barn(仓房）General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvPracticevEg.Laugh:smile,grin,chortle,guffaw,sneer,titter,gigglevCry:sob,weep,blubber,snivel,howl,bawl,wail,moan,vAnimal:vFlower:vWind:vRainvTree:vWalk:vAngry:vLookat:vGeneral and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral:Itisoftenwindyanddustyhereinspring.Specific:Inspringthereisoftenaverystrongnorthwestwind.Itcarriessomuchfinedustwithitthatsometimesthesunbecomesobscure.Thereisnoescapefromthefinedust;itgetsintoyoureyes,yourears,yournostrils,andyourhair.Itgoesthroughthecracksofclosedwindowsandcoversyourdesksandchairs.General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral:General:The room was a mess.vSpecific:Specific:As I walked into the room I could barely find a clean place to step.There were clothes all over the floor,along with papers,books,and possibly what looked like an old,moldy sandwich.The stench was unbearable.General and Specific Words for Good DescriptionvGeneral:Ilovethesmellofsunshine.vSpecific:?YourturnCritical Reading on Description of an ObjectvRead the following three descriptive paragraphs about the sunshine and give your comments.v1.I Like the Smells of Sun Very MuchvI like the smells of sun.It is sweet,which tastes like an ice-cream.It has changeable color,which turns the plain ground become bright and full.It has soft sunshine,which let my body feel warm and comfortable.It has a quiet language,which makes a gentle whisper through my body and tells me what are the secrets of the sun.It has a wonderful power,which reflects the pure and the beautiful things in the world,brightens all the dark things up,and encourages me to overcome all the difficulties in my life.I like the smells of sun very much.v By studentCommentonSmellsoftheSunbyStudentvComment:The description is very imaginative but too abstract.Try to add more concrete examples to show why you like the smell of sun.2.SmellsoftheSunvIlovethesun.Ilovethesunsrays,lightandwarmth,especiallythesunssmells.Whenthesuncomesagainaftertherain,Icaninhalethehumidairmadebythesunsheat.Inasunnygarden,thescentofthegrassandofplantsthatcarrythesmellsofthesunwaftalonginthebreeze.Ilikesunningmybedclothesifitisanicewarm,sunshinyday,thenthebedclothesgainanaromaofthesunaftertheirsunbath.Iaskmyson,“Canyousmellthesuninyourbedclothes?”Hepicksupacornerofhisbedclothes,thenbendshisheadclosetothemandbreathesindeeply.Heanswers,“Whatawonderfulsmellofthesun.”Ienjoythesmellsofthesun.v-By Xe JiaoCommentonSmellsoftheSunbyXeJiaovComment:Xe Jiao writes of the sunssmellsinashortparagraph.Sheillustratesfor us the power of concrete imagery,dialogue,anddescriptivewords.3.FreeTranquilizervVancouverssummersunshinemakesmelazy.IindulgemyselfundertheshadeofthemapletreesduringthesummerinCentralParkinordertobaskinVancouverssunshine.Especiallywhenthewindwavestheleavesandthesunlightslidesthrough,itfeelslikevelvetpattingmybodyorlikeafurrycatrubbingme.Iliketositonthebench,whichisonthesouthernshoreofthelake.Oneday,anoldLabradordogsatbesideme.Althoughthereweremanyadultsjogging,childrengiggling,andsquirrelschasingaround,theoldLabradorwasassolidasarock;heclosedhiseyesandearsandmadehisdaydreamwithoutapause.(Tobecontinued)FreeTranquilizervSometimes,whenthesunlightstunghisnose,heshiftedhisbodyoneinchtoavoidit,andwhenthefliesbuzzedaroundhishead,hetwitchedhismuscleorhiseartodispelthegreedyflieswhosharedhissunlight.Afterabsorbingenoughenergy,hetrudgedawaycontentedly.IlovetosipthisfreetranquilizerduringthesummerinVancouver.(-Anonymouswriter)vComment:AnexcellentdescriptiveparagraphaboutthedelightstobefoundatCentralParkinBurnaby.Dominant Impression for Good Description vDecide on a dominant impression-an overall attitude,mood or feeling about the place you are describing(the hustle and bustle of a market place,a haunted castle,a breathtaking scenery spot)What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?What Is the Dominant Impression in the Following Photos?Describing a placeDescribing a PlacevPlacesmaybedescribedfortheirownsake,asinessaysonvisitstofamousscenicplaces,butalsoforthepurposeofrevealingthepersonalityandcharacterofaperson,orcreatingafeelingormood.vEg.A clean and tidy room might show that the occupant is an orderly person.vEg.The howling of a chilly wind,the falling of autumn leaves,a house standing in solitude on a barren mountain,all help to build up a somber mood and increase the feeling of depression.Practice:What is the dominant impression of this place?Thisroomwaschill,becauseitseldomhadafire;itwassilent,becauseremotefromthenurseryandkitchen;solemn,becauseitwasknowntobesoseldomentered.Thehouse-maidalonecamehereonSaturdays,towipefromthemirrorsandthefurnitureaweeksquietdust:andMrs.Reedherself,atfarintervals,visitedittoreviewthecontentsofacertainsecretdrawerinthewardrobe,wherewerestoreddiversparchments(羊皮纸古文稿）,herjewel-casket,andaminiature（微型人像画）ofherdeceasedhusband.(ByCharlotteBronte)Practice:What is the dominant impression of this place?vPossible Key:Thisdescriptiongivesthereaderagloomyandlifelessimpressionandmakesonefeelchillyandfrightened.Thisplaceappearstobeghost-haunted.vReadP150ontextbookDescribing an objectTips on how to describe an objectvState briefly how you got the object,if this is important.vProvide some basic factual information about it(its size,shape,texture,color,ect.)vPoint out its useful features(uses,functions,etc.)vFocus on a particular,probably the most important characteristic of the objectvState in what way the object is important to youDescribing a personDescription of a PersonvIndescribingaperson,thewritershouldnotmerelygivedetailsofhisappearance.Heshouldtrytorevealthepersonscharacter,thoughts,andfeelings,whichmaybeshowninwhatthepersondoesandsays,orinhowhebehavestoothers.vItisimportanttograspthecharacteristicfeaturesthatdistinguishhimfromallotherpeople.Thosefeaturesthatheshareswithotherscanbeomitted.vPeculiaritiesandidiosyncrasiesofaperson,ifany,shouldbeincludedinthedescription,fortheyusuallyimpressthereaderdeeplyandgivelifetothepersondescribed.vShowthepersoninaction-showingaperson(indirectdescription)vUseanecdotesWays to Describe a PersonvDescribe his/her appearance vDescribe his/her languagevDescribe his/her behaviorvDescribe his/her mannervDescribe his/her psychology vEtc.Words Describing a PersonvAdjectivestodescribeapersonvModest/Decorous端庄稳重的/Self-effacing谦让的/Easy-going/Quiet/Demure娴静的/Unassuming平易 近 人 的/Soft-spoken/Compatible能 谦 容 的/Amiable亲切的/Withoutair/Affable和蔼的/Good-humored脾气好的/Obliging照顾周到的/Considerate考虑周到的/Cordial/Gregarious合群的/Impartial公正的Ardent/enthusiastic/zealous热情的/Erudite 博学的/Versatile/Diligent/Thrifty/frugal 节约的Optimistic 乐观的Openandaboveboard正大光明/Calm,coolandcollected镇静沉着/Introverted/ExtrovertedPhysical Appearance v描述身材常用的形容词有:vtall,small,short,ofmediumheightv描述体型的有:vfat,thin,slim,big,small,ofmediumbuild,strong,obese等.v描述相貌的有:vbeautiful,pretty,good-looking,charming,sweet,handsome,funny,ugly,peculiar,rough,ill-looking,homelyPhysical Appearancev体格（build）:fat;thin;slim;skinny;overweight;slight;well-buildv身高（height）:medium height;average height;below average;tall;short;tallish;middle-sized;ofmediumheight;1.78metersv脸型（face）:round;thin;long;squarevA.Shehasaverypleasantsmileandshealwayshasatwinkleinhereye.vB.Shewasyoung,withafair,calmfacethatshowedacertainstrength.Physical Appearancev头发（hair）:v(1)发型（hairstyle）:vstraight;curly;pigtails;crewcut平头;baldvHerhairisbrownandcurly.v(2)发色(haircolor):vjet-black乌黑的;fair金色的;blonde淡黄色的;golden金黄色的;dyed染色的;brunette浅黑色的;mousey灰褐色的;chestnut栗色的.vSheisabeautifulgirlwithfairhair.vThemiddle-agedmanalreadyhasdoublechinsandrecedinghairline.Physical Appearancev五官:v(1)眼睛（eye）:vdeep-set;sunken凹陷的;bulging/protruding凸出的;eyelashes;eyebrows.vA.Hiseyesaredeep-setbecausehehasworkedtillmidnightforalongtime.v他的眼睛深陷，因为他这段时间经常工作到深夜。vB.HehadthemostbeautifulblueeyesIhadeverseen.Physical Appearancev(2)鼻子(nose):vlong;straight;big;small;flat;hooked.vA.Hewasbornahookednose.vB.Hisnoseisverybig,sohedoesntlikeit.v(3)嘴部(mouth):vtooth;even;uneven;chinvA.Whenhelaughs,weseehiseventeeth.vB.Shehasadoublechin.v Physical Appearancev服饰（dress）:vsmart潇洒的;scruffy邋遢的；well-dressed衣着华丽的;casual随便的;conservative不显眼的;elegant优雅的;fashionable时髦的;suave文雅的;untidy不整洁的.vA.Helookscasualjustwearingatweedsuit.v他穿了一件花格子衬衫，看上去很随便。vB.Shealwaysdressveryelegantandtidy.v她总是穿着优雅整洁。LanguagevWell-educatedvEducatedvNotwell-educatedvIlliteratevExample for“not well-educated”vOnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingplacebehindthegarage.Iwanttobeprentice,hesaid.vMr.Craw,hesaid,Ilikeabuyahouse.Behaviorv快乐vA.He is very happyandsweet.vB.They didnt knowwhattodowiththemselvesforjoy.vC.Hejumpedforfun.vD.Herfacebrightenedup.v满意 vA.Theresultissatisfactory.vB.It is difficult to pleaseeverybody.vC.Thereisalwaysasmileofcontentmentonherface.vD.She belongs to those whoareverydifficulttosatisfy.vE.Seeingtheirtaskfinishedgivesthemasenseofsatisfaction.Behaviorv惊讶 vA.Im surprised to find you here.vB.Its nothing to be surprised about.vC.To my surprise,he didnt come yesterday.vD.She looked at me in amazement.vE.Her appearance fairly took my breath away.vF.Everyone looked at her in astonishment.v悲伤 vA.He looks so sad.vB.He is no stranger to sorrow.vC.His sad story makes her feel pity.vD.His wifes disease took away his appetite.vE.The news depresses her.Behaviorv愤怒 vA.She was burning with anger.vB.He easily loses his temper.vC.He was in a rage.vD.She was red with anger.vSpeak/say/talk/tell/chat/gossip vA.Can you child speak yet?vB.He said he wanted to go to town.vC.I want to talk to you about an urgent matter.vD.Tell me what happened.vE.They dropped in for a chat last night.vF.You shouldnt listen to gossip.Model 1:A talkative personvHeissotalkativethatwheneverhechoosesyouashislistener,whetheryouarewillingornot,youcantescapefromhimwithouthelplesslygivingup2or3hoursofyourprecioustime.Heisafrequentvisitortoothershouses.Oncehehassettledhimselfcomfortablyonyoursofa,hewillremainthererooted,talkingonandonexceptforafewintervalsoffillinghisteacupandlightinghiscigarettes.Heisextremelyinsensitivetoothersattitudes;whilehisvictimskeepsilent,desperatelygivinghimhintstostop,hetakestheirsilenceasadmirationofhiseloquence.Heisreallyagreattalkerandabletoseizeonanychancetobeginhisconstantflowofwordswheneverheseesyou.Model 2 vP146 summaryvStructure:introduction-development-conclusion vFactors:dominant impression,point of view,order AssignmentvWrite a composition describing a person who has had a lasting impact on you,or who you like or admire,or who you dislike
