外研版必修1模块4Grammar.ppt

Module 4 A Social Survey-My Neighborhood Grammar 高一外研版必修一高一外研版必修一现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生开始发生,已经持续到现在已经持续到现在,并且还将持并且还将持续续,或刚刚停止。其构成或刚刚停止。其构成:have(has)+been+doing我学英语已经学了十年了。我学英语已经学了十年了。I have been learning English for three years.我等你已经等了三个小时了。我等你已经等了三个小时了。I have been waiting three hours for you.比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或(2)单纯叙述过去的事情单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作强调动作;现在完成现在完成(3)时为过去发生的时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在强调过去的事情对现在的的(4)影响影响,强调的是影响。强调的是影响。(2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday,last week,ago,in1980,in October,just now等等,皆为具体的时间状语。皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,up to now,in the past years,等等,皆不确定的时间状语。皆不确定的时间状语。(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状状态态,动词一般是动词一般是延续性延续性的的,如如live,teach,learn,work,study,know。一般过去时常用的一般过去时常用的非持续性非持续性动词有动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等。等。例如：例如：I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生强调看的动作发生过了过了)I have seen this film.(强调对现在的影响强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道电影的内容已经知道了了)He has been in the League for three years.(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years.(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)She has returned from Paris.（她已从巴黎回来了。）（她已从巴黎回来了。）She returned yesterday.（她是昨天回来的。）（她是昨天回来的。）注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如注意：句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday,last week,in 1960）时，不能使用现时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。在完成时，要用过去时。例如：例如：(错）错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.(1).It is the first/second time.that结结构构中的从句部分中的从句部分,用现在完成时用现在完成时。例如例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city.This is the first time(that)Ive heard him sing.用于现在完成时的句型用于现在完成时的句型 注意注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.(2)This is+形容词最高级形容词最高级+that结构结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。从句要用现在完成时。例如例如：This is the best film that Ive(ever)seen.瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不但不能说能说“He has left for three years.”如果要表达如果要表达“他他已走了三年了已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：可用以下几种表达法：一、用一、用ago,使用一般过去时。使用一般过去时。He left here three years ago.二、用二、用“It is+一段时间一段时间since 一般过去时从句一般过去时从句”It is three years since he left here.三、用三、用“一段时间一段时间have/has passed+since+一一般过去时从句般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.现在完成时与瞬间动词现在完成时与瞬间动词以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名名词形容词或副词介词短语等。词形容词或副词介词短语等。1.直接转化成延续性动词直接转化成延续性动词buy catch(get)a cold borrow come/go/become have have a coldkeepbe2.转换成转换成be+名词名词 join the army join the Party go to school be a soldier be a Party memberbe a student3.转换成转换成 be+形容词或副词形容词或副词die finish begin leave fall sleep close openbe deadbe overbe onbe awaybe asleep be closedbe open4.转换成转换成 be+介词短语介词短语 go to school join the armybe in schoolbe in the army一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句：一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句：e.g:.我们买这本书三年了。我们买这本书三年了。We have had the book for three years.We bought the book three years ago.他感冒三天了。他感冒三天了。He has had a cold for three days.He caught a cold three days ago.自从上星期以来自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书。我就借了这本书。I have kept the book since last week.I borrowed the book last week.我成为一个学生两年多了。我成为一个学生两年多了。I have been a student for over two years.I became a student two years ago.Mr Black 死了三年了。死了三年了。Mr Black has been dead for three years.Mr Black died three years ago.小明参军半年了。小明参军半年了。Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.我们上了我们上了8年学了。年学了。We have been students for eight years.下课下课10 分钟了。分钟了。The class has been over for ten minutes.电影开始了一小时了。电影开始了一小时了。The film has been on for an hour.一看时间状语一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过去确切时如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：用一般过去时。如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词。二看句首有无疑问词。如果笼统地问人家做过如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时。如：时。如：现在完成时的三看三用现在完成时的三看三用Have you had your breakfast?Yes,I have.When did you have it?At seven thirty.注意：注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.1._ that dress when I first saw you 2.at the station?A.Were you wearing B.Have you worn C.Did you wear D.Do you wearA2.Kate doesnt look very well.Whatswrong with her?She has a headache because she _ too long;she ought to stop working.A.has been reading B.had read C.is reading D.was readingA3.“Tell the students to stop shouting.We _ our essays.”A.write B.have been writing C.are writing D.have writtenC4.My uncle,Sam,_ manager of the firm.A.has just made B.is just being made C.has just been made D.is just made5.This is the first time the students _ to Hyde Park.A.have gone B.have been gone C.have been going D.are being goneCA6.She _ her mothers work since she was admitted into hospital.A.is doing B.has been doing C.has done D.has been doneB7.Now that you _,what are you going to do?A.are being returned B.have been returning C.have been returned D.have returnedD8.I _ the incident as if it were yesterday.A.am still to remember B.have still been rememberingC.am being still remembered D.still rememberD9.Where_ the map?I cant see anywhere.I _ it right here just now.A.did you put;have put B.have you put;put C.had you put;was putting D.were you putting;have putB10.John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation.A.was just asked B.was just asking C.had just been asked D.had just askedC11.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you B.C.do you D.dont you12.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch B.C.did;watch D.will;watchBC13.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived B.C.lives D.is going to live14.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died B.C.was dead D.has been dead BD15.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been B.C.goes D.had gone16._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone B.C.Did;go D.Do;goAA17.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you B.C.have you D.did youC.18.How long have you _ the football D.team of the school?E.played B.been at F.C.joined D been on CD19.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A.been,gone B.been,been C.gone,been D.gone,gone20.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed B.C.had D.lentBC21.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A.have,see B.have,have seen C.have,seen D.have,saw22.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he B.C.hasnt he D.has heDD1.-Do you know our town at all?2.-No,this is the first time I _here.(NMET92)A.was B.am coming B.C.came D.have been D高考题高考题2.I wonder why Jenny _ us recently.We should have heard from her by now.(NMET 2002)A.hasnt written B.doesnt write C.wont write D.hadnt write 3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _ here only a few minutes.(NMET94)A.have been B.had been C.was D.will be AA4.Who is Jerry Cooper?-_?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET97)A.Dont you meet him yet B.B.Hadnt you met him yet C.C.Didnt you meet him yet D.D.Havent you met him yetD5.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _with each other.(NMET2003)A.they had quarreled B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled6.-How long have you _ the computer?-Over two months.A.had B.bought C.got D.have CA