中考英语语法专题复习-动词课件.ppt

动词动词动词的分类动词的分类1.1.系动词系动词2.2.实义动词（及物和不及物）实义动词（及物和不及物）3.3.助动词助动词4.4.情态动词情态动词系动词：连系表语的词。系动词：连系表语的词。系动词有词义，不能独立做谓系动词有词义，不能独立做谓语。语。He is wrong.(系词系词+表语做谓语表语做谓语)一、系动词一、系动词 bebe（am,is,are,was,weream,is,are,was,were）感官动词感官动词 (look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)(look,smell,taste,sound,feel,seem)表示发展变化的词表示发展变化的词 (turn,get,keep,become)(turn,get,keep,become)系系动动词词他是强壮的。He is strong.你必须保持健康。You must keep healthy.树叶变绿了。The leaves turn green.莉莉似乎很生气。Lily seems very angry.EXERCISE1.Autumn is coming,the leaves 1.Autumn is coming,the leaves _yellow._yellow.2.The girl _beautiful.2.The girl _beautiful.3.The food_delicious.3.The food_delicious.4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and 4.Autumn is coming,it_colder and colder.colder.5.That song _ well.5.That song _ well.turnlookstastesgetssounds二、实义动词二、实义动词能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分能独立做谓语的词，按句法作用分为及物和不及物动词。为及物和不及物动词。I I hithit her.her.He He cutcut his finger.his finger.The sun The sun risesrises.及物vt.不及物vi.及物vt.A-A-Ahurt-hurt-hurthurt-hurt-hurt（受伤、伤害）（受伤、伤害）A-B-Bsay-said-said say-said-said stand-stood-stood stand-stood-stood spend-spent-spentspend-spent-spentthink-thought-thought think-thought-thought buy-bought-bought buy-bought-bought bring-brought-broughtbring-brought-broughtcatch-caught-caught catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taughtteach-taught-taughthold-held-heldhold-held-heldlend-lent-lent lend-lent-lent send-sent-sent send-sent-sent leave-left-left leave-left-left meet-met-met meet-met-met sweep-swept-swept sweep-swept-swept sleep-slept-slept sleep-slept-slept keep-kept-keptkeep-kept-keptA-B-CO Orise-rose-risen rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenspeak-spoke-spokensteal-stole-stolen steal-stole-stolen O Oride-rode-ridden ride-rode-ridden O Odrive-drove-driven drive-drove-driven sing-sang-sungsing-sang-sungO Otake-took-taken take-took-taken O Ogive-gave-given give-gave-given fly-flew-flownfly-flew-flownO Oknow-knew-known know-knew-known O Othrow-threw-thrown throw-threw-thrown eat-ate-eaten eat-ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgottenforget-forgot-forgotten三、助动词三、助动词I like it.I like it.其中其中likelike是实意动词，如何变否定疑问是实意动词，如何变否定疑问.用用dodo来帮助它，我们把来帮助它，我们把dodo、doesdoes、diddid等等称为助动词。称为助动词。I dont like it.I dont like it.Do you like it?Do you like it?助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，助动词，无词义，不能独立做谓语，帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和帮助构成时（态），语（态），否（定句）和疑（问句）。疑（问句）。常见助动词有五个，常见助动词有五个，be,do,have,shall,will.be构成被动与进行，构成被动与进行，do构成疑问和否定构成疑问和否定have构成现在完成时，构成现在完成时，shall,will表示将来时表示将来时BE(AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE)1.I am watering the flowers.1.I am watering the flowers.帮助构成（现在帮助构成（现在/过去）进行时。过去）进行时。2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday.2.Tom was hit by his father yesterday.帮助构成被动语态。帮助构成被动语态。小测试：小测试：She is Lily.(is She is Lily.(is 是助动词吗？是助动词吗？)答案：答案：NO.NO.HAVE/HAS/HADI have a book.I have a book.其中其中havehave是助动词吗？是助动词吗？答案：答案：NO.NO.have/had+V.have/had+V.过去分词过去分词现在完成时现在完成时/过去完成时过去完成时 其中其中havehave是助动词吗？是助动词吗？答案：答案：YES.YES.WILL/SHALL用于一般将来时态。用于一般将来时态。willwill用于所有人称，用于所有人称，shallshall只用于第一人只用于第一人称。称。She will finish her homework in ten She will finish her homework in ten minutes.minutes.Shall I take an umbrella?Shall I take an umbrella?四、情态动词四、情态动词She can speak French and I cant.She can speak French and I cant.什么叫情态动词？什么叫情态动词？表示说话人对所述动作的看法表示说话人对所述动作的看法，如，如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等情感或状态。状态。情态动词的特征情态动词的特征He can speak English well,but I cant.He can speak English well,but I cant.We must stay here.We must stay here.情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓情态动词有词义，不能单独做谓语，无人称和数的变化，后面必语，无人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。须接动词原形。CAN/COULD/BE ABLE TO1.1.三个都表三个都表“能力能力”could could 是是cancan的过去式。的过去式。eg:I couldnt speak English.eg:I couldnt speak English.I can speak English now.I can speak English now.将来能力使用将来能力使用shall/will/be able to.shall/will/be able to.eg:I will be able to speak French.eg:I will be able to speak French.2.2.can/could can/could 表表“请求、允许请求、允许”could could 比比can can 更委婉。更委婉。eg:Could I borrow your book?eg:Could I borrow your book?3.3.can/could can/could 表表“怀疑、推测怀疑、推测”可能性可能性 cant becant be eg:It cant be Lilys bag.eg:It cant be Lilys bag.MAY/MIGHT1.1.表表“请求、许可请求、许可”might might 比比maymay更委婉、更委婉、客气。客气。eg:May I come in?eg:May I come in?Might I come in?Might I come in?2.2.“可能可能”，表推测。，表推测。可能性可能性 may be might bemay be might beeg:He may come tomorrow.eg:He may come tomorrow.He might come tomorrow.He might come tomorrow.MUST/HAVE TO 必须必须 不得不不得不1.must表表个人意志和主观上的必要个人意志和主观上的必要，意，意为为“必须必须”“应该应该”用于一般现在时；用于一般现在时；I must go now.2.have to表表客观上的必要客观上的必要。意为。意为“必须必须”“不得不不得不”除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时除可用于现在时外，还可以表将来时shall/will have to和过去式和过去式had to。1.这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买这台电视机不能用了，我们必须买台新的。台新的。This TV doesnt work.We have to buy a new one.2.那时我们必须买台新的。那时我们必须买台新的。We had to buy a new one.3.我们将不得不买台新的。我们将不得不买台新的。We will have to buy a new one.I _study hard,because I I _study hard,because I want to go to Beijing University.want to go to Beijing University.I _go shopping,I _go shopping,becausebecause the fridge is empty now.the fridge is empty now.musthave toSHOULD/WOULD/OUGHT TO1.You are his mother,you_look after 1.You are his mother,you_look after him.him.2.You are a student,you_study hard.2.You are a student,you_study hard.3.She would be glad if you _ help her.3.She would be glad if you _ help her.应该应该愿意愿意理所应当理所应当ought toshouldwould情态动词表推测 must becant bemay bemight beDARE,NEED既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。既可作情态动词，又可作行为动词。做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要做情态动词，无人称、数变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句用于否定句和疑问句情态动词类型情态动词类型1.1.只作情态动词的有：只作情态动词的有：must,can(could),may(might)must,can(could),may(might)2.2.可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有needneed，daredare3.3.可作情态动词也可作助动词的有可作情态动词也可作助动词的有will(would).shall(should)will(would).shall(should)4.4.具有情态动词的某些特征的有具有情态动词的某些特征的有have have to,ought toto,ought to 一般将来时一般将来时一、一般将来时一、一般将来时 结构结构1.will/shall+动词原形动词原形 2.be going to+动词原形动词原形 二、一般将来时用法二、一般将来时用法将来状将来状态将来活将来活动现进表将表将It will be rainny tomorrow.What are you going to do next weekend?The bus is coming.1.1.将来状态将来状态Eg:我明年就将13岁了。I will be 13 years old next year.2.将来活动将来活动 Eg:Eg:我们下个月打算在这里建一座楼。我们下个月打算在这里建一座楼。We are going to put up a building We are going to put up a building here next month.here next month.3.3.现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来 这种用法仅限于某些瞬间动词，这种用法仅限于某些瞬间动词，如如begin,start,come,go,leave,arrive,reach等，表示将要发生的事。等，表示将要发生的事。即：即：两来两来 come arrive.两走两走 go leaveEg:我马上就来。Im coming.三、时间状语三、时间状语 有有tomorrow,this afternoon,tomorrow,this afternoon,next week/month/year,the day next week/month/year,the day after tomorrowafter tomorrow等。等。will 引导的引导的一般将来一般将来时:表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，最基本的结构：最基本的结构：will+动词原形动词原形 肯定句：肯定句：主语主语+will+动词原形动词原形+（宾语）（宾语）+其他其他people will go to the moon some day.否定句：否定句：在在will 的后面加的后面加not即可。即可。will not 可缩写为可缩写为 wontpeople will not go to the moon some day.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will 提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。提到句子主语之前，结尾变问号。Will people go to the moon some day？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+will+主语主语+动词原形动词原形+其他？其他？Where will people go some day？“There be”句型的一般将来时句型的一般将来时肯定句：肯定句：There will be+名词名词+其他成份其他成份注意注意：无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，无论后面加单数名词或复数形式，be都必须用原形。都必须用原形。There will be only one country.否定句：否定句：在在will后面加后面加not.There wont be only one country.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：把把will提到提到there之前。之前。Will there be only one country?Yes,there will./No,there wont.注意：在口语中，所有人称都可以用注意：在口语中，所有人称都可以用willwill.肯定肯定肯定肯定否定否定否定否定一般疑问一般疑问一般疑问一般疑问回答回答回答回答I will havemany presents.I wont have many presents.Will I have many presents?Yes,I will.No,I wont.He will do these jobs.He wont do these jobs.Will he do these jobs?Yes,he will.No,he wont.There will be a computer in it.There wont be a computer in it.Will there be a compuer in it.Yes,there will.No,there wont.They will do heavy work.They wont do heavy work.Will they do heavy work?Yes,they will.No,they wont.will句式句式总结:四、四、EXERCISEEXERCISE：.hope that you a good time this evening.A.have B.are having C.will have D.has2.Look at those big black clouds.It rain.Lets hurry.A.must B.will C.would D.is going to注意：注意：will与与be going to的区别，的区别，be going to可以表示明显将要发生的情况可以表示明显将要发生的情况3.There a basketball match this afternoon.A.will have B.will be C.has D.have 4.We to the park if it is fine tomorrow.A.will go B.go C.goes D.to goCDBA1.Students will go to school in the future.(一般疑问句）一般疑问句）to school in the future.2.There will be some robots in our homes.(改为否定句）改为否定句）There robots in our homes.3.Everyone will have a small car.(对对划划线线部分提部分提问问）everyone?Will students go wont be anyWhat will have用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：1.There(be)an American film next week.2.They (finish)the work this afternoon.3.Tom(play)football with us tomorrow?4.Robots(do)lots of work in our homes in the future.5.There(be)strong winds tonight.6.Before long,he(forget)all about the matter.7.He(be)back in three hours.8.We(send)for a doctor if you (be)not better in the evening.will be1.明天不用上课。明天不用上课。There _ _ _ class tomorrow.2.也许在也许在100年后人们将活到年后人们将活到200岁。岁。_ people _ _ _ _ 200 years old _ 100 years.3.许多女孩子喜欢养宠物。许多女孩子喜欢养宠物。Many girls like _ a pet.4.There will be a sports meeting tomorrow.(一般疑问句一般疑问句）_ _ _ a sports meeting tomorrow?5.我想将会有更多高楼，更少汽车，更少污染。我想将会有更多高楼，更少汽车，更少污染。I think there will be _ tall buildings,_ cars,_ pollution.6.你认为你认为Sally5年后会成为什么？年后会成为什么？What _ _ _Sally _ _ in 5 years?will be noMaybe will live to be inkeepingWill there bemore fewer lessdo you think will be过去将来时一、结构would+would+动词原形动词原形was/were going to+was/were going to+动词原形动词原形二、用法站在过去的角度看将来，常用于宾语从句。Obama said that he would be the president of America.-Shall I take you to the shopping mall after work?-No,thanks.My father said he _ there on his way home.A.will look for me B.would pick me up C.would let me down D.will look after me