高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件ppt.ppt

高考英语阅读解题高考英语阅读解题方法指导方法指导一、一、猜词技巧猜词技巧大家好1从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。设问特点：设问特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词，短语或句子单词，短语或句子设问。设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同常见意思不同，无，无法望文生义法望文生义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断中才可判断准确。准确。3、所考单词有的是、所考单词有的是生词生词，有的是，有的是旧词新意旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。全文也合理。5、错误选项或是、错误选项或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡说故意胡说。大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。1.对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)roughly means _.roughly means _.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly meansmeans4.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测When I got back out into the street,the world seemed When I got back out into the street,the world seemed brand-new to me.He was something brand-new to me.He was something out of an ancient out of an ancient legendlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.大家好词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.大家好4Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 大家好51.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely大家好6Skills for guessing unknown words:1.The lion has its “territory”,which is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims（声称）as its own.“territory”means _ an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.determined C.kind D.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释大家好7技巧归纳技巧归纳1:Use _利用利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从句定语从句.etc.大家好8Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2：Using_ 根据根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验大家好9技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A少儿期少儿期B幼儿期幼儿期C青春期青春期D成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similarity/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today “ocelot”means _an endangered wild cat 大家好10ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.大家好11技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.大家好12技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_From_(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工工作过度作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不满不满意的意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation大家好13从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。合成合成Compounding 转化转化Conversion派生派生Derivation构词法构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性（身份；资格；权力；性质）质）-some （易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。lHeissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTheycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模深一模)派生派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。lHewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。lGreatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）广东卷）lSherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09广东卷）广东卷）转化转化Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠大家好1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳技巧归纳7:利用利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.大家好201.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquietB技巧归纳技巧归纳8：利用利用_From _原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus大家好21 The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:Use_ 利用利用_workedasanengineer.context or related information上下文的语境上下文的语境大家好22从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。l（福建卷）福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.l64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。lWhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?lTheunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。(2009年全国卷年全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp大家好从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。lAsawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(04广东卷广东卷)l58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键识和本句的意思是解题的关键.大家好猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境大家好29More practice.Finish Exx.1 to 10,then discuss the answers with your group.大家好301.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something常识常识 teacher-students大家好31 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）（无效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_Attracted the customers stronglyHad weak effects on the customersTricked the customers into shoppingCaused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系because大家好32 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example大家好33 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_Those who try their best to winThose who value competition most highlyThose who are against competition most stronglyA.Those who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information大家好34 5.Without examinations,employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality.The word“favoritism is used to describe the phenomenon that _.A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B.children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）大家好356.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _Still exists B.keeps its shapeA.C.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence大家好367.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests 比较比较comparison(instead相反相反,反而反而)大家好378.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义大家好389.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比对比contrast normalbut-unusual大家好39 10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist大家好40从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较广泛。敞开式盾构之中有挤压式盾构、全部敞开式盾构，但在近些年的城市地下工程施工中已很少使用，在此不再说明。Practice in the passage大家好4111.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物大家好4214.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall大家好4316.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country大家好44Ex2:“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 大家好45Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.dependentlifefiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling大家好46Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement大家好47 Here is The Pines,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.（2004年福建卷）According to the passage,The Pines is a.Aplace in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 大家好48 Ex.5:Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.housethecity大家好491.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.3.Finally,renewable energy sources are used even though they