新道雅思语法 动名词.ppt

动动 名名 词词非谓语动词非谓语动词的三个重点的三个重点在句中充当的成分在句中充当的成分动名词动名词=n.主要充当：主要充当：主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语不定式不定式“不一定是什么词性的成分不一定是什么词性的成分”=n.adj.adv能充当：能充当：除谓语之外的任何成分除谓语之外的任何成分除谓语之外的任何成分除谓语之外的任何成分分词分词=adj.adv.主要充当：主要充当：定语，状语，补足语，表语定语，状语，补足语，表语定语，状语，补足语，表语定语，状语，补足语，表语structurel1，动名词的，动名词的作用作用（主，表，宾，定）（主，表，宾，定）l l2，动名词的，动名词的逻辑主语逻辑主语l3，动名词的，动名词的时态和语态时态和语态（被动，完成）（被动，完成）一，动名词的作用一，动名词的作用:主语，表语，宾语，定语主语，表语，宾语，定语l剑剑8,T1,WlSome people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society.Others,however,believe that school is the place to learn this.(一一)动名词动名词-作主语作主语lEducating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home.(剑剑8,T1,W)lHowever,learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home.(剑剑8,T1,W)l【练练】如果我生别人的气，就意味着我让别人如果我生别人的气，就意味着我让别人控制了自己的情绪。控制了自己的情绪。lGetting mad at others means other people are getting control of my emotions.l【知识点知识点】动名词做主语时，动名词做主语时，位置要求位置要求：l一般放一般放句首句首，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数l有时候放有时候放句末句末，仅限于某些特定的句型。，仅限于某些特定的句型。lIt is no use crying over the spilt milk.l覆水难收覆水难收l l【句型一句型一】：lIt is no use/good doing sth.lIt is hard work doing sth.lIt is a joy/pleasure doing sth.lIt is worthwhile doing sth.l l【句型二句型二】：lThere is no point/use/good(in)doing sth.l“干某事没有必要干某事没有必要/没有意义没有意义/没有用没有用”l【练练1/2】冬夜坐在炉边读书是一大乐趣。（雅冬夜坐在炉边读书是一大乐趣。（雅思口语）思口语）lIt is a great pleasure doing some reading at the fireside on a winter night.l【练练2/2】等到老了再说等到老了再说“我会对这个或那个发生我会对这个或那个发生兴趣兴趣”就没用了。就没用了。lIts no use starting to say when you are old“I will take an interest in this or that.”(二二)动名词动名词-作表语作表语lIf the job is running a small business or an autonomous unit within a larger business,high achievers should be sought.（剑（剑6，T3，R）l如果工作是经营一家小型的企业，或者是较大如果工作是经营一家小型的企业，或者是较大企业中的一个独立部门，就应该寻找能力强的企业中的一个独立部门，就应该寻找能力强的人。人。lPeter:Another odd thing I see would be girls holding hands.If two girls their age did that in Britain we would think they were gay!lNick:Its just because girls get very close to each other and treat them as sisters.lPeter:I think thats very touching but Im glad the boys dont do that!(三三)动名词动名词-作宾语作宾语(动宾，介宾）动宾，介宾）lWhen the local government in Cambridge,England,considered introducing Singaporean techniques,it faced vocal and ultimately successful opposition.（剑（剑3，T4，R）l【T/F/NG】lThe government in England succeed in introducing Singaporean technique.后面一般接动名词作宾语的动词后面一般接动名词作宾语的动词l详见附录详见附录 在介词后面做宾语在介词后面做宾语【知识点知识点】介词介词+n./doing.As an alternative to using a single-occupancy vehicle,carpooling involves two or five commuters sharing a vehicle.Q:What is carpooling?(四四)动名词动名词-定语定语l动名词做定语，一般表示所修饰的名词的动名词做定语，一般表示所修饰的名词的用途用途。比较少见，远没有比较少见，远没有现在分词现在分词做定语常见。做定语常见。la growing number of peoplel l【练练】分院帽；安眠药；梳妆台；出发点分院帽；安眠药；梳妆台；出发点lsorting hat lsleeping pillldressing table lstarting point 二，动名词的逻辑主语二，动名词的逻辑主语l判断区别：判断区别：lNick insisted on reading the letter.lNick insisted on my reading the letter.l l【知识点知识点】：动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构:l l所有格所有格/宾格宾格/普通格动名词普通格动名词l【练练1/2】Tom拒绝接受邀请，这让我很恼火。拒绝接受邀请，这让我很恼火。lTom refused to accept the invitation,and it makes me angry.lIt makes me angry that.(主语从句）主语从句）lTom refused to accept the invitation,which makes me angry.（定语从句）（定语从句）lToms refusing to accept the invitation makes me angry.（动名词做主语）（动名词做主语）l【练练2/2】lIt is a very burning issue.lIt-That governments must take action to prevent individuals from harming our environment.lGovernments taking action to prevent individuals from harming our environment is a very burning issue.三，动名词的时态和语态（被动，完成）三，动名词的时态和语态（被动，完成）主动主动被动被动一般式一般式?完成式完成式？?=doing=having been done=being done=having donel【练练1/4】I remember my parents taking me to the zoo for the first time.l-I still remember _ to the zoo for the first time.l【分析分析】Remember doing+被动被动l =remember being donelKEY:being takenl【练练2/4】Mark often attempts to escape _(fine)whenever he breaks traffic regulations.l【分析分析】escape doing+被动被动l =escape being donelKEY:being finedl【练练3/4】她不能确定是否做过什么错事。她不能确定是否做过什么错事。lShe was not sure of _.l【分析分析】of doing+完成完成l =of having donelKEY:having done anything wrong.l【练练4/4】我们的现代文明不能被认为是短时我们的现代文明不能被认为是短时间内创造出来的间内创造出来的。lOur modern civilization can not be thought of as _(create)in a short period of time.l【分析分析】as doing+被动被动+完成完成l =as having been donelKEY:having been createdthe end复习复习l1，动名词的，动名词的作用作用（主，表，宾，定）（主，表，宾，定）l l2，动名词的，动名词的逻辑主语逻辑主语l3，动名词的，动名词的时态和语态时态和语态（被动，完成）（被动，完成）l l【课后练习课后练习】：lP90，一，一，1-10lP93，四，四，1，2，4，6，7高分作文句子高分作文句子【练练】得出结论得出结论说变化不可避免并不等同于说变化不可避免并不等同于假定假定“变化总是朝着好的方向变化总是朝着好的方向”。（剑。（剑6,T4,W）Reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that“change is always for the better.”【课后练习课后练习】此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未此外，国家如果不让高中成绩未达达标准标准的学生受的学生受高等教育高等教育，可能会因此埋没一个未，可能会因此埋没一个未来的来的爱因斯坦爱因斯坦。-(教育话题）教育话题）make ones markshigher education/tertiary educationEinsteinFurthermore,by denying higher education to students who do not make their marks in their secondary education,the country may be ignoring a future Einstein.BONUS：Edison,Darwin,the Wright brothers,Socrates,Platol【课后练习课后练习】由于用由于用CAI学习有着这些独特的优点学习有着这些独特的优点,所以，没有什么东西可以所以，没有什么东西可以抵得上抵得上做自己学习上的主做自己学习上的主人的自由人的自由,使自己的知识不断更新的乐趣以及对更多使自己的知识不断更新的乐趣以及对更多未知领域的好奇未知领域的好奇.-(现现代科技）代科技）lis worth/compensate forlBecause of these unique advantages offered by CAI,nothing can compensate for the freedom to be my own master in learning,the pleasure of keeping my knowledge up-to-date,and curiosity about more unknown fields.lBonus:CAI/CIAlComputer Aided Instruction