高三英语语法复习.ppt

Unit 1Unit 1名名 词词 (Nouns)(Nouns)名词名词普通名词普通名词专有名词专有名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词个体名词个体名词:集体名词：集体名词：teacher,bookfamily,team物质名词：物质名词：water,air 抽象名词：抽象名词：happinessTom,Chinathe United Nations考点一、考点一、可数名词可数名词1).+-s1).+-s books,desks,boys books,desks,boys2).-s,-x,-ch,-sh,+-es busbusbuses,watchbuses,watchwatches,boxwatches,boxboxes,boxes,brushbrushbrushesbrushesbut:but:stomachstomachstomachs,stomachs,table-cloth table-clothtable-cloths.table-cloths.3).-o+-3).-o+-s/-ess/-esa)radios,zoos,bamboos,photos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos b)tomatoes,heroes,potatoes,4).辅音字母辅音字母+y-ies ladyladyladies,factoryladies,factoryfactories,factories,countrycountrycountriescountriesbut:toy toys,Henry Henrys 5).f/-fe-ves lifelifelives,leaflives,leafleaves,wifeleaves,wifewives,wives,knifeknifeknivesknivesbut:but:beliefbeliefbeliefs,chiefbeliefs,chiefchiefs,chiefs,gulfgulfgulfs,cliffgulfs,cliffcliffscliffs，roofroofs,proofproofsroofroofs,proofproofs,safesafes,safesafes6).不规则变化不规则变化 a).man men,womanwomen,footfeet,childchildren,mousemice,b).goosegeese,oxoxen,phenomenonphenomena c).sheep,deer,means,fish,aircraft,works,species,yuan,jiao,d).goods,glasses,compasses,clothes,trousers e).Chinese,Japanese,Swiss 7).复合名词的复数复合名词的复数 son-in-lawsons-in-law,looker-onlookers-on,passer-bypassers-by,go-betweengo-betweens,grow-upgrow-ups man teachermen teachers man teachermen teachers boy studentboy students,boy studentboy students,a sports car,a tomato fielda sports car,a tomato field8).有些单词常以复数形式出现在句子中有些单词常以复数形式出现在句子中 a)._on your success.b).Send my_ to your family.c).Many happy_ of the day.d).The instructions are on the bottle.e).With best_.f).Many _to you for helping me.g).It is good_ to do sth.h).He is in high_.Congratulationsregardsreturnswishesthanksmannersspirits考点二、不考点二、不可数名词可数名词advice,furniture,clothing,fun,rubbish,information,paper（纸），（纸），sugar,work(工作）工作），fruit,harm,news,progress,traffic,trouble,weather,water,rice,snow,knowledge,honesty,homework,housework,luggage/baggage(行李）行李），wealth 1.暴风雨对那个地区造成了很大的破坏。暴风雨对那个地区造成了很大的破坏。The storm has caused much damage to the region.2.在过去的几年里，他的英语取得了很大的进在过去的几年里，他的英语取得了很大的进步。步。In the past few years,he has made rapid progress in English.考点三、名词数的转化考点三、名词数的转化win success获得成功获得成功 a success一个一个(件件)成功的人成功的人(事事)win honorwin honor赢得荣誉赢得荣誉an honoran honor一个一个(件件)引以为荣的引以为荣的(事事)Failure(失败失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者失败者 by experience靠经验靠经验an experience一次经历一次经历 youth青春青春a youth一个青年人一个青年人 with pleasure乐意乐意 a pleasure乐事乐事 1)2)2)抽抽象象名名词词与与a(an)a(an)连连用用，淡淡化化了了抽抽象象概概念念，转转化化为为似似乎乎可可以以体体验验到到的的动动作作、行行为为或或类类别别。如：如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim,bath,talk)with me?My life in England is an unforgettable experience.It is a waste of time reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.3)3)有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：之多，范围之广。如：The boy burst into tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.paper纸纸papers报纸报纸文件文件;light光光lights灯灯;time时间时间times时代时代;work工作工作works著作著作 forces(军队军队),/arms(武器），武器），brains(智智力力),glasses(眼镜眼镜),goods(货物货物),regards(问候问候),sands(沙漠沙漠),spirits(精力精力),waters(急流急流),woods(树林树林),customs(海关海关),manners(礼貌礼貌)考点四、名词所有格考点四、名词所有格1 1、表表示示有有生生命命的的东东西西的的名名词词,所所有有格格一一般般在在名词后加名词后加s,s,其构成如下其构成如下:1).my brothers bag 2).the workers club 3).Engels/Engelss works 4).her son-in-laws photo 5).Jane and Marys room Jane s and Toms trousers 6).at Mr.Greens,to my uncles at the barbers2.2.表示无生命的东西的名词表示无生命的东西的名词,通常采用通常采用 of+名词的结构来表示所属关系名词的结构来表示所属关系.the gate of the school,the window of the room3.3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加 s来来构成所有格。构成所有格。todays newspaper ten minutes walk Chinas industrythe stations waiting room4.4.双重所有格双重所有格 a photo of my brothers a photo of my brother a few friends of Toms that car of Limings考点五、名词的搭配用法考点五、名词的搭配用法1.make friends with 2.shake hands with3.have words with 4.have a word with 5.put into practice/use6.take steps 7.take action 8.take measures 9.make a bed(change/decision/difference/face/trip/discovery)10.make tea/coffee/progress 强化训练一、用说给单词的适当形式填空Wealth,works,writers 2.traffic 3.helpful advice 4.heroes 5.thieves,knives,safes,6.feet,Germans Frenchmen 7.time,products,times 8.Dickens Luxuns 9.butchers meat 10.sisters fathers 11.minutes12.cold,hunger,deaths 13.actions words 14.sheep grass leaves 15.pleasure a pleasure