英语写作训练(上课) (2).ppt

英语写作训练英语写作训练写作训练的思路写作训练的思路写一完整的句子写一完整的句子:句子的完整句子的完整句子的连贯句子的连贯句子的简洁句子的简洁句子的多样化句子的多样化主题句主题句,扩展句扩展句,结论结论句句设计一个段落设计一个段落:基础写作基础写作读写任务读写任务写写一个完整的句子一个完整的句子这几句是正确的句子吗这几句是正确的句子吗?如果你认为有如果你认为有误误,该怎么改该怎么改?1.The meeting will until 3:00.2.Work hard,you will succeed.3.I have a brother,who is a doctor.4.There are only 4 students take part in the class.lastandwhotaking/totake句子的分类句子的分类简单句简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子只包含一个主谓结构的句子.并并列列句句:主主谓谓结结构构+连连词词(and,but,so,or)+主谓结构主谓结构 (或更多的主谓结构或更多的主谓结构)复合句复合句:引导词引导词+主谓结构主谓结构,主谓结构主谓结构 (从句从句)(主句主句)五种基本的简单句五种基本的简单句1.1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词2.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Birdsfly.Busesrunfromdawntillmidnight.Wearestudyinghard.Wehavereadmanybooks.Theydoshoppingattheweekend.WearelearningEnglish.3.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语4.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语Wearestudents.Hebecameascientist.Thatsoundsgood.HegaveTomapresent.Heofferedmeajob.Wemadehimourmonitor.Themanagerthinkstheplanpractical.Hewillhavehisbikerepaired.Iwonthaveyouspeakingtoyourmotherlikethat.练习练习:翻译下面的简单句翻译下面的简单句1.1939年爆发了第二次世界大战年爆发了第二次世界大战.2.一天一天,她高兴地走进我的房间她高兴地走进我的房间.3.一轮红日从东方升起一轮红日从东方升起.4.张飞在三年级六班张飞在三年级六班.5.那个故事听起来很有趣那个故事听起来很有趣.TheSecondWorldWar/WorldWarIIbrokeoutin1939.Onedayshecameintomyroomhappily.Theredsunrisesintheeast.ZhangFeiisinClass6,Grade3.Thatstorysoundsinteresting.6.老师好像对我的工作很满意老师好像对我的工作很满意.7.早睡早睡早起对人的身体有益早起对人的身体有益.8.胡姗姗读过这本书胡姗姗读过这本书多次多次了了.Theteacherseemedtobepleasedwithmywork.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisgood/beneficialfor/doesgoodtoyourhealth.HuShanshanhasreadthebookmanytimes.9.我还没决定去还是不去我还没决定去还是不去.10.周兰周兰借借给我一些钱给我一些钱.11.这件晚礼服这件晚礼服花花了她四十美元了她四十美元.I havent decided whether to go or not.Zhou Lan lent me some money.The evening dress cost her forty dollars.She paid forty dollars for the evening dress.12.王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题王小明常常在课堂上问老师许多问题.13.同学们把课室保持得干干净净同学们把课室保持得干干净净.14.我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口我们注意到有许多人站在学校大门口.15.我找人把自行车修好了我找人把自行车修好了.16.你不应该让他一个人去那儿你不应该让他一个人去那儿.WangXiaomingoftenaskstheteacheralotofquestionsinclass.Thestudentskeeptheclassroomclean.Wenoticedalotofpeoplestandingatthegateofourschool.Ihadthebikerepaired.Youshouldntlethimgotherealone.并列句并列句1.用用连连词词/副副词词(and,but,so,for,or,not onlybut also,eitheror,neithernor,while,bothand,however,therefore)1)Li Ming is 18 years old and he is a student in No.1 Middle School.2)Hurry up or youll be late for school.3)I must go now,for my sister is waiting for me.2.用用“;”3.用用“;+adv”1)We fished all day;we didnt catch anything.1)We fished all day;however,we didnt catch anything.2)2)The car was almost new;besides,it was in excellent condition.,but we,so all 2)Lilydoeswellinstudy;alltheteachersthinkhighlyofher.练习练习练习练习:翻译下列句子翻译下列句子翻译下列句子翻译下列句子 1.他虽然有病他虽然有病,但是还是上学去了但是还是上学去了.2.汤姆很穷汤姆很穷,而他的弟弟却发了财而他的弟弟却发了财.3.他丢了工作他丢了工作,因此这些天心情不好因此这些天心情不好.Hewasill;however,/butyethewenttoschool.Although/Thoughhewasill,hewenttoschool.Illas/thoughhewas,hewenttoschool.Whilehewasill,hewenttoschool.Tomwaspoorwhilehisbrotherbecameveryrich.Helosthisjob,sohewasunhappythesedays.Hewasinabadmoodbecausehelosthisjob.4.韩惠不但歌唱得好韩惠不但歌唱得好,而且舞也跳得好而且舞也跳得好.5.我本打算昨天告诉你我本打算昨天告诉你,但你不在办公室但你不在办公室.HanHuicannotonlysingwell,butalsodancewell.NotonlydoesHanHuisingwell,butalsoshedanceswell.Imeanttotellyouyesterday,butyouwerenotinyouroffice.I had wanted/intended to tell you yesterday,butyouwerenotinyouroffice.复合句复合句复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构复合句里包含两个或更多的主谓结构,其中其中有一个有一个主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主主谓结构为句子的主体称为主句，另一个些主谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一谓结构为从句，他（们）只能充当句子的某一（些）成分，（些）成分，,如如:主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,同位语同位语,定语定语,状语等状语等.根据他们在句子中的功能分别称根据他们在句子中的功能分别称为主语从句为主语从句,宾语从句宾语从句,表语从句表语从句,同位语从句同位语从句,定语从句定语从句,状语从句状语从句等等.判断下面句子属于哪种复合句判断下面句子属于哪种复合句1)When we shall have our sports meetingisstillaquestion.2)Thelettersaysthatthey are leaving on Friday.3)Thatswhat they should do.4)Weexpressedthehopethat they would come and visit China again.5)Thisistheverydictionarythat I am looking for.6)As time went on,Einsteinstheoryprovedtobecorrect.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句练习练习:改正下面句子改正下面句子,使之成为正确的一句话使之成为正确的一句话Faulty:There are forty-five students in our class,one-third of them are from nearby countries.1.There are forty-five students in our class,and one-third of them are from nearbycountries.2.There are forty-five students in our class;one-thirdofthemarefromnearbycountries.3.There are forty-five students in our class,one-thirdofwhomarefromnearbycountries.It was raining hard,they could not work in the field.1.Itwasraininghard；theycouldnotworkinthefield.2.Itwasraininghard,sotheycouldnotworkinthefield.3.It was raining so hard that they could notworkinthefield.4.They could not work in the field because itwasraininghard.5.Asitwasraininghard,theycouldnotworkinthefield.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.1.The professor walked into the classroom and hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.2.The professor walked into the classroom;hecarriedabagofbookswithhim.3.Theprofessor,whocarriedabagofbooks,walkedintotheclassroom,4.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroom,carryingabagofbookswithhim.5.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomwithabagofbooks.句子的连贯句子的连贯Faulty:Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.Faulty:The idea he mentioned at first soundedgood.1.A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.2.A man is judged not only by his words but also by his deeds.1.The idea he firstfirst mentioned sounded good.2.The idea he mentioned sounded good atfirstatfirst.前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡前后的一致、对等、平衡连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，连贯性的要求是：句子前后之间要有照应，有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句有衔接，思想的表达应该有序，清楚句子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造子与句子之间的过渡要符合逻辑，不能造成歧义或矛盾成歧义或矛盾句子的简洁句子的简洁文字简洁文字简洁.如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替如下面这些短语均可用括号中的词代替:fromtimetotime(often),drawaconclusion(conclude),withanger(angrily),Itisclearthat(clearly)试比较下列改写的句子试比较下列改写的句子.Do you know the man who is speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while you are crossing the street?Do you know the man speaking at the meeting?Look out for cars while crossing the street?2.避免使用同义词重复避免使用同义词重复.(如下面的这些句子如下面的这些句子,划线划线部分重复部分重复,应删掉应删掉).1).He is blind in both eyes.He is blind in the left eye.2).In my opinion,I think your plan is feasible.3).The desk is round in shape and red in color.4).I shall accompany my mother by going with her to the market.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 1.He gave many reasons for the failure,but the reasons he gave were not convincing.2.The Great Wall,which has a history of more than 2000 years,is one of the world heritages.He gave many reasons for the failure,but none of them was convincing.The Great Wall with a history of more than 2000 years is one of the world heritages.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 3.He attended the party though he was badly ill.4.Nie Er,who is the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China,was born in Yunnan in February 1912.He attended the party in spite of his illness.Nie Er,the composer of the National Anthem for the Peoples Republic of China,was born in Yunnan in February 1912.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁 5.He suggested that he be sent to tend the sick.6.To my surprise,I was surprised to find no one there when I got there.7.A teacher who has experience should have an idea about what he should do in such a condition.He suggested being sent to tend the sick.I was surprised to find no one there when I arrived.An experienced teacher should know what to do in such a condition.练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁8.Doyouknowthegirlwhoisdressedinred?Doyouknowthegirl_.9.Theprofessorwalkedintotheclassroomandhecarriedabagofbookswithhim.The professor walked into the classroom,_.10.Themanwhoisstandingbythewindowisourteacher.Theman_isourteacher.（dressed）in redcarrying a bag of books with himstanding by the window练习练习:改写下列句子改写下列句子,使其更简洁使其更简洁11.Wedidntknowhertelephonenumber,sowecouldntgetintouchwithher._,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.12.JohnsonlookedlikeamanwhowaswantedinLosAngelesforrobbery.Johnsonlookedlikeaman_.13.Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,andweweretiredandhungry.Wefinallyreachedhomeat10pm,_.Not knowing her telephone numberwanted in Los Angeles for robberytired and hungry段落段落(设计好一个段落设计好一个段落)一般说来一般说来,一个段落由三部分组成一个段落由三部分组成:主题句主题句,扩展句和结论句扩展句和结论句.主题句提出的论述的主题主题句提出的论述的主题,扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说扩展句利用必要的细节对主题加以论证说明明,结论句总结全文结论句总结全文,在论证的基础上得出在论证的基础上得出结论结论.这三者是段落的必要成分这三者是段落的必要成分,他们相辅他们相辅相成相成,构成一个完整的段落构成一个完整的段落.有些段落还有有些段落还有过渡句过渡句,它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡它起到段与段之间的顺利过渡.1.主题句主题句1)主题句的位置:请找出段落的主题句Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentshowthatsmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousdiseasecancer,smokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itgivesonea“smokerscough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforsmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldortheterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?Albert Einstein,one of the worlds greatest scientists,failed in his university entrance exam on his first attempt.William Faulkner,one of Americas famous writers,never finished college because he could not pass his English courses.Sir Winston Churchill,who is considered one of the masters of the English language,was very poor in English during middle school.These few examples show that school does not always predict failure in life.Karaok,which was invented by a Japanese,one of the greatest wonders of modern technology.Needless to say,Karaok is a good way of rest.You can learn a new song easily.Its also a good way to make your friends happy.Nearly every body has a chance to be a singing star.However,everything has two sides,so does Karaok.Its noisy to your neighbors.Besides,if you sing badly,they will feel uncomfortable.In fact,you are sure to make a sound pollution 2)写好主题句写好主题句,有两条原则有两条原则1.主题句要明确主题句要明确,句中须有一个词句中须有一个词,词组词组,或从句让或从句让读者一目了然本段的确切主题读者一目了然本段的确切主题,明确本段的重点明确本段的重点或观点或观点.例如例如:This paragraph will talk about birds.这句作为主题句就太笼统这句作为主题句就太笼统,不确切不确切.试比较试比较以下几句以下几句,下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落下列几个主题句就确切地阐明了段落的主题的主题:a.Birds have a great sense of direction.b.Pet owners prefer certain species of birds.c.In my opinion,a bird makes a better pet than a cat does.d.Birds are suffering from air-pollution.2.主题句要概括,它陈述你要说明的重点和观点,句中必须包含有可扩展主题的词,词组或从句.他应该是你将进一步表明你的态度和看法的概括.同时,主题句有利于控制作者本人的主题的扩展.例如:TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistory.该主题句未能概括主题的要点,则不利于下面的扩展.最好增添一个词或一个短语来修改这个句子,以便顺利地展开你的主题.例如:a.TheyounggirleagerlystudiedChineseHistory.b.TheyounggirlstudiedChineseHistoryunderafamoushistorian.c.TheyounggirlfoundthreereasonsforstudyingChineseHistory.2.下面各段没有主题句下面各段没有主题句,请根据全段内容拟定一个请根据全段内容拟定一个主题句主题句.1)_.Forexampleteacherslivebysellingknowledge,philosophersbysellingwisdomandpriestsbysellingspiritualcomfort.Thoughitmaybepossibletomeasurethevalueofmaterialgoodsintermsofmoney,itisverydifficulttocalculatethetruevalueofserviceswhichpeopleperformforus.Theconditionsofsocietyaresuchthatsillshavetobepaidforinthesamewaythatgoodsarepaidforatshop.Everyonehassomethingtosell.Everyonelivesbysellingsomething.2)_.Before entering a house in Japan,it is a good manner to take off your shoes.In European countries even though shoes sometimes become very muddy,this is not done.A guest in a Chinese house never finishes a drink.He leaves a little to show that he has had enough.In a Malaysian house,too,a guest leaves a little food.In England,a guest always finishes a drink to show that he has enjoyed it.It seems that manners in different countries are never the same.Different countries and different races have different manners.3)_.Firecanheatwater,cook,giveoutlightandkeepyourhousewarm.Sometimes,however,bigfirescanburndownhousesandforests.Forexample,thebigfirecausedbyYuanmingPalace,afamouspalaceinQingDynasty,ruinedcompletely.Sowemustbeverycarefulwithmatches,burningcigarettes,faultyelectricappliancesorunquenched(未扑灭的)firesBe careful with fire because it does not always do us good.扩展句扩展句扩展句的作用是丰富扩展句的作用是丰富,支持支持,扩展主题扩展主题句的内涵句的内涵.他们是段落的血和肉他们是段落的血和肉.扩展句扩展句的表达形式是多种多样的的表达形式是多种多样的,可以按时间或可以按时间或空间顺序空间顺序,从整体到局部从局部到整体的从整体到局部从局部到整体的方法叙述方法叙述,描写描写,说明或议论说明或议论,也可用比也可用比较较,对比对比,比喻比喻,推导推导,归纳归纳,演绎的手段演绎的手段来展现来展现.单单一一性性:一一个个段段落落只只说说明明一一个个问问题题,讲讲述述一一件件事事,扩扩展展句句必必须须紧紧紧紧地地围围绕绕着着主主题题句句,不不偏偏离离中中心心思思想想.通常对扩展句的要求有两个通常对扩展句的要求有两个:单一性和连贯性单一性和连贯性找出一个违背单一性的句子找出一个违背单一性的句子.China has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970.It is wrong of the western governments to find fault with its policies of elimination of poverty.China now urges each family to have no more than one child.And it hopes to reach zero population growth,the number of birth equaling the number of death,by the year 2000.连贯性连贯性:段落中各扩展句前后衔接段落中各扩展句前后衔接,条理清楚条理清楚,合合乎逻辑乎逻辑,使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想使读者很容易抓住段落的中心思想.在在议议论论文文中中,我我们们常常会会谈谈到到首首先先,其其次次,然然后后,该该如如何何表表达达?1)first,second,third,last2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally3)thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast4)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally5)to start with,next,in addition,/besides,last but notleast6)ontheonehand,ontheotherhand7)foronething,foranotherthing练习练习:根据所给的主题句和提示根据所给的主题句和提示,写好段落的扩展句写好段落的扩展句(1)主主题题句句:Howexcitedwewerewhenwelearnedthatweweregoingtohaveaspringtour.afterdiscussionagreeclimboutofthecityweoften pass by mountainthe first timethinkofclimbitsetoutearlymorningaboutanhourbegintiredstillalongwaygoshortbreakgoonclimblunchtimegettothetopmountainourbeautifulcitybelowushappyverytired结尾句结尾句:Itprovesthatmanythingsarejustlikeclimbingamountain;theylookattractive,buttheyarenoteasytodo.参考答案参考答案:(1)After a heated discussion we agreed to climb the mountain outside the city.We had passed by the mountain when we were taking a bus out of the city,but it was the first time we had thought of climbing it.We started early in the morning.About an hour later,we began to feel tired,but there was still a long way to go.We took a short break and then went on climbing.Not until lunch time did we get to the top of the mountain.At sight of our beautiful city below us，we felt happy though we were tired out.练习练习:根据所给的主题句和提示根据所给的主题句和提示,写好段落的扩展句写好段落的扩展句(2)主主题题句句:He was kind and shy before a group ofnaughtygirls,buthewasverystrictinhisteachingandwithourstudents.teachusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmoralityIremembermyfinalexamHaveanidealookindictionarysecretlyUnfortunatelydiscoversavemyfaceAfterexamcalltohisofficemyheartbeatfastInstead of scoldingsay kindlyadvisedo goodmovedtears18yearspasskeepremindmestudyhardhonest参考答案参考答案:(2)Hetaughtusalotinknowledgeaswellasinmorality.Irememberthetimeofmyfinalexamination.Ihadtheideaoflookinginmydictionarysecretly.Unfortunately,mysecretwasdiscoveredbyhimandhesaidnothingtosavemyface.Aftertheexamination,Iwascalledtohisoffice.Myheartwasbeatingfast.Insteadofscolding,hetalkedkindlytomeandadvisedmetodogood.Iwasmovedtotears.Eighteenyearshaspassed,butthelessonremainsdeepinmymemoryandalwaysremindsmetostudyhardandkeephonest.结论结论句句结论句并非必不可少结论句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下的作用但它能起到以下的作用:(1)表示段落的结束表示段落的结束(2)总结要点总结要点,与与主题句主题句相呼应相呼应(3)供供读读者者就就本本段段落落的的主主要要内内容容和和见见解解有有个个深深刻刻的的印象或进行思考印象或进行思考结论句结论句:(推荐推荐)1.(主题句主题句:Lifeislimited,butknowledgeisboundless.)结尾句结尾句:Howimportantitistoreadgoodbooks!2.(主题句主题句:Booksarefullofknowledgeandwisdom.)结尾句结尾句:Whyshouldntwereadmorebookstosearchmoreandusethemtodevelopoursplendidfuture?3.(主题句主题句:WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilivedwithmygrandparentsinafarawayvillage.)结尾句结尾句:Timewasgonewiththewind.Butmychildhoodislikeamber(琥珀琥珀),glitteringinmylife.感叹句感叹句疑问句疑问句比喻比喻结论句结论句:(推荐推荐)1.