高中英语语法：主谓一致_课件.ppt

“主主谓谓一一致致”是是指指谓谓语语动动词词与与主主语语必必须须在人称、数上保持一致，在人称、数上保持一致，即即主主语语是是复复数数，谓谓语语也也用用复复数数形形式式，如如are,were,have等，等，主主语语是是单单数数，谓谓语语要要用用单单数数形形式式，如如：is,was,has,works等。等。1.由and连接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数，但由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数。The worker and writer is from Beijing.(那个工人兼作家)The worker and the writer are from Beijing.(那位工人和那位作家)Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada.常见的由常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread 针线针线salt and water盐水盐水the folk and knife 刀叉刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁钢铁time and tide 岁月岁月2.everyone of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Each of the students has a book.Each of the girls likes dancing.One of them has been abroad.Neither of the two boys is good at English.但但one of复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句结构结构如果如果one前面没有限定词前面没有限定词，这个句型中的，这个句型中的“复复数名词数名词”是先行词，是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复定语从句的谓语动词用复数；数；如果如果one前面有前面有the only,the first,the last,the right等限定词修饰等限定词修饰，则，则one是先行词，是先行词，定语定语从句的谓语动词用单数。从句的谓语动词用单数。John is the only one of the students who has the keys.John is one of the students who have the keys.3.more than one/many a+单数名词单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。用单数。(形单意复形单意复)More than one student has tried.Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.4.each/every/no/many a+单数名词 and each/every/no/many a+单数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。1.Each book and each paper is foundin its place.2.Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education.3.Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting.4.Every hour and minute is important.第二个each,every,no,many a可以省略。5.a+单数名词+and a half,a+单数名词+or two 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。1.A year and a half has passed.2.A day or two is enough.one or two+复数名词,one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。1.One or two boys know it.2.One and a half months have passed since I saw him.none of.结构作主语结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。着重个别，则用单数较好。None of the money is yours.None of us havehas ever been abroad.6.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根等不定代词作主语，根 据其指代的内容而定。据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.7.“a number of复数名词复数名词”作主语，作主语，谓谓语用复数语用复数;“许多许多”“the number of复数名词复数名词”作主语，作主语，谓语用单数谓语用单数。“的数量的数量”The number of traffic accidents has increased.A number of children like this song.the quantity of+复数名词或不可数名词，复数名词或不可数名词，谓谓语用单数语用单数。a quantity of+复数名词复数名词,谓语用复数谓语用复数。a quantity of+不可数名词不可数名词,谓语用单数谓语用单数.quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。用复数。Quantities of tea were sold last month.A large quantity of beer was sold out.The quantity of books in the library is amazing.8.Quantity/ies of+名词复数名词复数/不可数名词不可数名词9.population 做主语指人口做主语指人口,谓语用单数；谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数分数/百分数百分数+of the population做主语，谓语用做主语，谓语用复数。复数。The population of the village is 538.One third of the population here are workers.10.the Olympic Games,the Asian Games 做主做主语，谓语用复数。语，谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held every four years.half most enoughpartthe rest the last lots some plenty 分数分数百分数百分数+of+名词名词作主语作主语谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。11.1.Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.2.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.3.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.4.Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.5.Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.12.集体名词集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。His family is in Harbin.His family are music lovers.The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall.1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is 此题应选此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，是一个集合名词，具有单数具有单数(侧重指整体侧重指整体)和复数和复数(侧重侧重指个体指个体)两种可能。两种可能。但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数不可数)：clothing衣服，衣服，poetry 诗歌，诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，行李，furniture家俱，家俱，scenery 景色景色等。等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用但不用复数形式复数形式)：people人，人，police警察，警察，cattle牲牲口等。口等。3.goods,clothes,glasses,shoes,scissors及及trousers,chopsticks,等以复数形式出现的名等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；词作主语，谓语用复数；4.news,politics,maths,physics,plastics等形等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。用单数。The goods belong to Mr.Wang.No news is good news.My trousers are new.13.“theadj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语作主语 the+dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及及dead等词，等词，相当于复数相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。复数。The old in China are living a happy life.The wounded have been saved.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.14.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语 动词常用单数。1.Eight hours of sleep is enough.2.A hundred miles is a long distance.3.Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.4.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.15.动名词、不定式、从句做主语动名词、不定式、从句做主语 1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。数。Making speeches is not her strong point.Growing flowers needs constant watering.2).由由and连接的两个连接的两个(或多个或多个)动名词或不定动名词或不定式作主语式作主语 如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同如果并列的动名词或不定式语义相同或相似，谓语用单数；或相似，谓语用单数；如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。如果语义不一致，则谓语用复数。Lying and stealing are not right.To love and to be loved is sweet thing.3).由由that,where,when,whether,how等词引等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。数形式。How they can finish their work is still unknown.Where we will go has not been decided.When and where to hold the meeting _ not decided.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ not decided.isare4.)由由what引导的名词性从句作主语引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用表语是复数时也可用复数复数)；如果如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。结构，主句的谓语用复数。What they are after is money.What we want areis promises.What he says and(what he)does do not agree.16.由由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut 等等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致一致就近原则就近原则。Not only he but also I am invited.I or his brothers were to blame.Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.17.当当 there be/here be 句型的主语是一系列句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。1.There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.2.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.3.Here is a letter and a book for you.4.There are three chairs,two tables and a bike in the house.18.主语后跟主语后跟“with,along with,together with,like,unlike,besides,but,except,including,as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,and not+名词名词”结构时，谓语动词一般结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。和前面的主语保持一致。1.The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.2.Tom,as much as you,was responsible for the loss.3.He more than you is anxious to go there.1._ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is 2.When and where to build the new factory_ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided析析:当当when和和where加不定式指的是加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。A3.One or two days _ enough to see the city A.is B.are C.am D.be4.Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A.is B.are C.am D.be5.Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A.is B.are C.am D.be6.His“Selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.A.were B.was C.has been D.have been7.A woman with some children _ soonA.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come8.No one except my parents _ anything about this。A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known9.The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading10.All but one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed All were killed in the accident but one.11.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were12._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are13.Mathematics _ the language of science.A.is B.are going to be C.are D.were14.A good deal of money _ spent on books.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been15.On the wall _ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging16.“_turn green in spring.A.Leaf B.Leafs C.Leave D.Leaves 17.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known 18.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were