《护理专业英语》PPT课件.ppt

1Nursing EnglishAnnie Wong 王一婷Email:Office:7D306 2RequirementsRequirementsPreviewPracticePerformanceRaptureReviewRepeatReferenceReference护理英理英语人民人民卫生出版社生出版社 宋宋军主主编护患情景会患情景会话100例例 东南大学出版社南大学出版社 李惠玲主李惠玲主编医学英医学英语单词触触类旁通旁通科学技科学技术文献出版社文献出版社 周周铁成成编著著医学英医学英语听与听与说高等教育出版社高等教育出版社 王王丽娟主娟主编医学英医学英语教学短文教学短文阅读上海外上海外语出版社出版社 梁正溜主梁正溜主编 Parkinson J,Brooker C.(2004).Everyday English for International Nurses.1st ed.Churchill Livinstone.4Unit 1Introduction to Medical Terms5Learning objectives*掌握：掌握：医学英医学英语复数形式；医学英复数形式；医学英语单词的的构成法构成法*熟悉：熟悉：医学英医学英语单词的的发音基本音基本规律律*了解：了解：医学英医学英语的来源；医学英的来源；医学英语的同的同义现象象Origin of Medical TermsNative WordsOld EnglishBorrowed WordsGreekLatinFrenchGermanItalianSpanish医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则开音开音节、重、重读开音开音节：读字母音字母音A rate date basinE renal penisI bite glycemiaO nose diagnosisU nude student医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重重读闭音音节、闭音音节：读强弱音、弱音弱音、弱音A rat gland thoracicE bet retinaI bit biscuitO nod toxicU null stubborn医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1、大部分重音在倒数第二音、大部分重音在倒数第二音节Bacillus（杆菌）（杆菌）Appendicitis（阑尾炎）（阑尾炎）adenoma（腺瘤）（腺瘤）Splenoceratosis（脾硬化）（脾硬化）Transurethral（经尿道的）（经尿道的）streptoco cus（链球菌）（链球菌）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1、大部分重音在倒数第二音、大部分重音在倒数第二音节两个元音一起算一个音两个元音一起算一个音节Anemia（贫血）（贫血）Macrosomia（巨体）（巨体）Cholelithiasis（胆石病）（胆石病）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1、大部分重音在倒数第二音、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2、重音在倒数第一音、重音在倒数第一音节-rrhea diarrhea(loose bowels)腹泻腹泻 menorrhea(period)月经月经 amenorrhea 闭经闭经 rhinorrhea 鼻溢鼻溢医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1、大部分重音在倒数第二音、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2、重音在倒数第一音、重音在倒数第一音节3、以下、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-y：学科、方法、性质Physiology（生理学）Immunity（免疫）Disability（残疾）Maternity（母性、怀孕）Gastrectomy（胃切除）Laparoscopy（腹腔镜）Bronchography（支气管造影）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-oid 像、类、似、状Albuminoid（白蛋白样的，类蛋白）Carotinoid（类胡萝卜素）Rheumatoid（类风湿的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则-meter 计Thermometer（体温计）Spirometer（肺活量计）Sphygmometer（脉搏计）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则部分-al结尾的词 cerebral（大脑的）Professional（专业的）Esophageal（食道的）Laryngeal（喉的）Pharyngeal（咽的）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则部分-ate结尾的词Permanganate（高锰酸盐）Reticulate（成网状）Aggregate（聚集）Aggravate（加重）医学英语单词发音基本规则医学英语单词发音基本规则重读音节确定重读音节确定1、大部分重音在倒数第二音、大部分重音在倒数第二音节2、重音在倒数第一音、重音在倒数第一音节-rrhea3、以下、以下词尾的重音在倒数第三音尾的重音在倒数第三音节1）-y 2）-oid3）-meter4）部分）部分-al结尾的词结尾的词5）部分）部分-ate结尾的词结尾的词19Formation of pluralsWords ending in a,retain the a and add eWord analysisSingularPluralVertebraVertebraePleura pleurae20Formation of pluralsWords ending in um,drop the um and add aWord analysisSingularPluralBacteriumbacteriaOvumova21Formation of pluralsWords ending in us,drop the us and add iWord analysisSingularPluralBronchusbronchiBacillus bacilli22Formation of pluralsWords ending in ex or ix,drop the ex or ix,and add icesSingularPluralApexApicesCortexCorticesVarixVaricesWord analysis23Formation of pluralsWords ending in is,drop the is and add esWord analysisSingularPluralDiagnosisDiagnosesPsychosisPsychoses 24Formation of pluralsWords ending in on,drop the on and add aWord analysisSingularPluralGangliongangliaPhenomenon PhenomenaSynonymous phenomenon of medical termsReferentLatin OriginGreek OriginbodyCorpusCorpuscle SomaSomatocyte fatAdip-Adipoid Lipo-Lipodystrophy jointArtic-Articulation Arthro-Arthrocele RedRub-Rubeosis Erythro-Erythrocatalysis SkinCutis-SubcutaneousDerma-EpidermisTongueLingua-LingualGlossa-Glossal 26Word-formation in Medical Terminology医学英语构词法医学英语构词法Affixation 词缀法词缀法Composition 合成法Conversion 转类法Blending 拼缀法Backformation 逆成法Clipping 截短法Acronyms 首字母缩略法27AffixationPrefixationAutograft isograft allograft xenograft SuffixationImmune immunity immunize immunizationCombining vowelO I A RETROGASTRICRetr-o-gastr-ic(prefix-vowel-root-sufix)28Composition Compound word 合成词Open compoundHeart failure /bone growth /sleeping sicknessHyphenated compoundHigh-resolution/fat-free/bottle-feed Solid compoundWindpipe/sleepwalk/overweightNeoclassical compound 新古典主义合成词Biocide/psychanalysis/biophysics 29ConversionI sent you an e-mail.I e-mailed you yesterday.Can I have your e-mail address in case I need to e-mail you.30Blending Part+part genome (gene+chromosome)Whole+part breathalyzer (breath+analyzer)Part+whole Medicaid (medical+aid)medicare (medical+care)chemotherapy (chemical+therapy)31Backformation 动词由名词去掉词缀而来Chain-smoke chain-smokerAutomate automation Diagnose diagnosis Ovulate ovulation Psychoanalyze psychoanalysis 32Clipping Exam examinationFlu influenzaLab laboratory Polio poliomyelitisPsych psychology Ad advertisement33Acronyms CT(computerized tomography)/RBC(red blood cell)/ECG(electrocardiogram)TB(tuberculosis)/OD(overdose)/IV(intravenous)a.c.(ante cibum=before meal)p.c.(post cibum=after meal)(bis in die=twice a day)(ter in die=three times a day)Homework Reading first part“Brief History of English Language”Translate“Early Modern English”(class 1)and“Late Modern English”(class 2),and submit within 2 weeks.35Unit 2Word AnalysisLearning objectives*掌握：掌握：常常见的的词根前根前缀、后、后缀和和联接接词*学会学会:根据前根据前缀、后、后缀、词根估根估测单词的意的意思思37Word analysisHemat/o/logyElectr/o/cardi/o/gramGastr/o/enter/o/logyRetro/gastr/ic Pre/nat/al38The three types of word partWord roots usually indicate the involved body partSuffixes usually indicate the procedure,condition,disorder,or disease.Prefixes usually indicate the location,time,number,or status.39Rules for using the combing vowelA combining vowel is not used when the suffix begins with a vowel(a-e-i-o-u)A combining vowel is used when the suffix begins with a consonant.A combining vowel is always used when two or more roots words are joined.A prefix does not require a combining vowel.Retro/gastr/icHemat/o/logySub/hepat/icGastr/o/enter/o/logy40 Word rootsWord roots PrefixesPrefixes Suffixes Suffixes Formation of pluralsFormation of pluralsWord analysis41Word rootsAdenomaAdenitisAdenologyWord analysisAden/o 腺体腺体42Word rootsBiologyBiopsyBiotherapyWord analysisBi/o 生物、生命；成双的生物、生命；成双的BicephalusBicolorBicycle43Word rootsCarcinomaCarcinosarcomaWord analysisCarcin/o 癌，瘤癌，瘤44Word rootsCardiologyCardiovascularCardiomyopathyWord analysisCardi/o 心脏心脏45Word rootsCerebrumCerebralCerebritisCerebrovascular accident Word analysisCerebr/o 大脑大脑46Word rootsCystoscope/cystoscopyCystomaCystopyelonephritisWord analysisCyst/o 包囊，囊肿，膀胱包囊，囊肿，膀胱47Word rootsCytobiologyCytocide insecticideWord analysisErythrocyteLeukocyteThrombocyteLymphocyteMonocyteCyt/o -cyte 细胞细胞48Word rootsDermatitisDermal/DermicDermatosis/dermatopathyWord analysisDermat/o derm/o 皮肤皮肤49Word rootsElectroencephalogram Encephalosis/encephalopathyWord analysisEncephal/o 脑脑50Word rootsGastroenterologyGastritisWord analysisGastr/o 胃胃51Word rootsHematomaHemoglobinHematocyteHemogramWord analysisHemat/o Hem/o 血液血液52Word rootsHepatitisHepatocarcinomaWord analysisHepat/o 肝脏肝脏53Word rootsLaryngitisLaryng/o/scopyWord analysisLaryng/o 喉喉54Word rootsLymph/o/cyteLymph/aden/itisWord analysisLymph/o55Word rootsMast/o/carcinomaMast/itis Word analysismast/o 乳房乳房 乳腺乳腺56Word rootsNephricNephritisNephrectomyWord analysisNephr/o 肾脏肾脏Ren/oRenal57Word rootsNeurologyNeuralNeuralgiaWord analysisNeur/o 神经神经58Word rootsOncologistOncotomyWord analysisOnc/o 肿瘤，肿块肿瘤，肿块59Word rootsOphthalmicOphthalmectomyOphthalmalgiaWord analysisOphthalm/o 眼睛眼睛60Word rootsOsteoarthritisOsteoarthropathyWord analysisOste/o 骨骼骨骼61Word rootsPathologist/PathologyPathologicPathoglycemiaWord analysisPath/o62Word rootsPsychosisPsychologypsychologistWord analysisPsych/o63Word rootsRhin/o/rrhagiaRhin/o/plastyRhin/itisWord analysisRhin/o 鼻子鼻子64Word rootsHemat/uriaUr/emia Word analysisur/o;urin/o 尿尿65 Prefixesa-,an-,ab Anemia Abnormal Abacterial Anallergicauto-Autopsy Autoimmune Autoantibodydia-Diagnosis DiameterWord analysis66 Prefixesdys-Dysentery Dysarthrosisendo-Endocrine Endomyocarditisexo-ExocrineWord analysis67 Prefixeshyper-Hyperglycemia Hypertensionhypo-Hypodermic Hypoglycemia Hypotensionpro-Prognosis Pronucleus ProerythrocyteWord analysis68 Prefixesre-Reevaluate Reexamineretro-Retrogastric Retrocardiacsub-Subhepatic SubrectalWord analysis69 Prefixestrans-TransurethralTransdermalTransabdominalWord analysis70 Suffixes-al neural enteral-algia arthralgia neuralgia-cyte leukocyte erythrocyte-ectomy gastrectomy nephrectomy-emia leukemia hyperglycemiaWord analysis71 Suffixes-globin hemoglobin -gram hemogram arthrogram-ic gastric nephric dermic-ism hyperthyroidism feminism-itis gastroenteritis nephritis Word analysis72 Suffixes-logist neurologist endocrinologist-logy nephrology gynecology-oma hepatoma carcinoma-opsy biopsy autopsy-osis nephrosis gastrosisWord analysis73 Suffixes-scope gastroscope laparoscope-scopy laparoscopy arthroscopy-sis diagnosis prognosis-tomy neurotomy lapraotomyWord analysis74 Suffixes -reviewing-ectomy VS -tomy-osis VS -sis-scope VS -scopyWord analysis7576Expanding your knowledgeColloquial EnglishIdioms:parts of the bodyPhrasal verbsProfessional and General Nursing School77Colloquial EnglishAnus-back passageBladder waterworksBowels gutBrain headpiece,noodle,nutBreast bosom,chest,nipplesParts of the body78Colloquial EnglishElbow funny boneEnlargement of abdomen in older people middle-age spreadEye optics,peepersTo be boss-eyed;to be cock-eyedTo have a lazy eye79Colloquial EnglishGenitals down below,private parts,thingHead brain-box,brain-pan,skullHeart engineTo have a dicky heartLungs bellows,tubesTo be short-winded80Colloquial EnglishLegs bandy legged(bow),drumsticks,knock-kneed,peg leg,pinsTo have a gammy legTo have ducks diseaseTo be bad on ones pinsNavel belly button81Colloquial EnglishNose beacon;to be blocked up;stuffySpine backboneStomach abdomen,tummyTo burpTo have a gastric stomachTo have a pain in ones guts82Colloquial EnglishThroat organ-pipe,windpipeA churchyard coughPhlegmTo have a frog in the throatTo have a throatTongue furred,furry,thickUrethra pipe,waterpipe83Colloquial EnglishConstipationTo be bunged upTo be costiveI havent been for 4 days.Defaecate To do a big jobTo have the bowels openedTo use a bedpanBody functions84Colloquial EnglishDieTo be a gonerTo burn oneself outTo pass awayTo lay outTo pop off To go to the next world85Colloquial EnglishFaintTo back outTo pass outFaeces,stoolsBusiness,motionsAre your motions well formed?86Colloquial EnglishMenstruateOnes periodThe time of the monthWhen was your last period?Have you seen anything?I havent seen for 6 weeks.87Colloquial EnglishPregnantTo be expectingTo be having a babyTo be in a delicate conditionTo fall for a babyShes 6 months gone.88Colloquial EnglishSleepTo close ones eyesTo have a catnapTo nod offTo have some shut-eyeTo have a doze89Colloquial EnglishUrinate(micturate)To pass waterTo spend a penny(women only)To wee-wee(childish)To hold out a babyTo pot90Colloquial EnglishVomitTo be sickTo pump your heart upTo feel sickHave you been sick?To be as sick as a dog(or cat)To have a sick headache91Colloquial EnglishWeepTo break downTo cryTo turn on the waterworksTo blub/blubber