《英语阅读方法》PPT课件.ppt

英语阅读方法n n英语阅读存在的问题n n阅读练习方法n n阅读技巧英语阅读存在的问题-vocalizing现象：现象：阅读时用手指着文章的每一行、每一个词，并低声诵读。解决办法解决办法：（：（1）阅读时，努力去看一组词，而不是一个一个词地阅读；（2）尽量选择有兴趣的、易读的材料。可能出现的问题：可能出现的问题：不能够理解所读的材料；不能记住读的东西。*you cannot achieve a permanent improvement in your reading speed if most of the time you are practicing reading slowly.阅读练习方法n n每天保证一定的阅读量每天保证一定的阅读量n n利用计时器进行阅读训练利用计时器进行阅读训练n n检查文章理解情况检查文章理解情况选择的材料必须是自己感兴趣的，而且不能太难选择的材料必须是自己感兴趣的，而且不能太难每三天或者四天进行一次计时训练每三天或者四天进行一次计时训练每读一部分内容后，试着回忆文章的内容。如果记不住了，每读一部分内容后，试着回忆文章的内容。如果记不住了，重读一下重读一下阅读技巧n nSkimming（略读）n nScanning（扫描）n nFact&Opinion（事实和观点）n nGuessing（猜）n nS+V+O（主谓宾）n nSignal Words（信号词）n nReferences（指代词）Skimmingn n什么是什么是skimmingskimming?非常快地读，了解文章的大意。非常快地读，了解文章的大意。n n需要说明的是，需要说明的是，略读问题和略读文章一样重要略读问题和略读文章一样重要，你需要清楚有多少问题，每个问题大概是关于什你需要清楚有多少问题，每个问题大概是关于什么方面的。么方面的。略读哪些内容n n文章题目文章题目 WhatWhat the passage is about?the passage is about?Why Why did the writer write the article?did the writer write the article?What isWhat is his/her his/her purposepurpose of writing?of writing?What is the main idea of the passage?What is the main idea of the passage?n n子标题子标题 the best the best generalizationsgeneralizations of the whole passage of the whole passagen n段落标题段落标题 the the main ideas main ideas of every section or paragraph in of every section or paragraph in the passage.the passage.the best tools to look for answers the best tools to look for answersn n图表图表 By looking at the graphs,pictures,diagrams,By looking at the graphs,pictures,diagrams,tables,you can find tables,you can find some answerssome answers.略读哪些内容n nThesis statement 即作者的观点n nTopic sentence 每段的第一句；每段的最后一句；每段的第二句；中间部分（一般应有Markers）。通过Topic sentence可以掌握每段的大意。Scanningn n什么是什么是 scanning?scanning?即是非常快地读。略读用于寻找特定的信息，比即是非常快地读。略读用于寻找特定的信息，比如：姓名、地点、日期以及特定的短语。如：姓名、地点、日期以及特定的短语。After you have skimmed,scanned and After you have skimmed,scanned and located your information according to the located your information according to the questions given,you must read those questions given,you must read those sentences intensively.sentences intensively.Dont get stuck reading unnecessary Dont get stuck reading unnecessary information.If you dont understand a information.If you dont understand a word or phrase,just move on.word or phrase,just move on.Fact&Opinionn n什么是事实什么是事实?something that has actual existence;something that has actual existence;an event that has actually happened or is an event that has actually happened or is happening;happening;something true something truen n什么是观点什么是观点?that which a person thinks about that which a person thinks about something;something;the attitude,feeling,judgment drawn the attitude,feeling,judgment drawn from the factfrom the factFact&OpinionIn 1985 the U.S.government gave$210 In 1985 the U.S.government gave$210 million to 3,650 volunteer organizations that million to 3,650 volunteer organizations that help the homeless.(F)A private group help the homeless.(F)A private group believesbelieves that three million homeless people that three million homeless people live in the United States today;a government live in the United States today;a government consultant consultant sayssays that there are only 300,000.that there are only 300,000.(O)It(O)It seemsseems that the that the largelarge number of number of homeless people is a homeless people is a majormajor nationalnational problem problem that we must solve.(O)that we must solve.(O)Guessing猜不认识的单词n nUsing Context Clues Markers:however,also,therefore Pronouns:this,those,that,itn nWord Analysisn nGlossary Accompanying the PassageHow to Guess?Using Context Cluesn nThe sentence explaining the meaning of a word appears either before or after“be”E.g.The context is the words around a new vocabulary item.E.g.Leukemia is a disease in which the blood contains too many white cells.E.g.The habitual inability to sleep is called insomnia.Using Context Cluesn nYou can find the meaning of a word in another sentence or part of the sentence.E.g.Most international students major in practical subjects.These subjects provide useful skills that help students find good jobs.E.g.Tertiary education,we mean the third level of education,education at university and college level,is very important.Using Context Cluesn nPunctuations,such as dash,parenthesis,are important.E.g.People are eating more chicken and fish foods without much fat or cholesterol(a kind of fat).E.g.The word maglev is an acronym-a word made up from the first letters of the name of something.The maglev(an acronym for magnetic levitation)will actually race along the way at almost 500 kilometer per hour.Using Context Cluesn nSignal Words:that is(i.e.);in other words;or;for instance;for example;such as E.g.Many people faced financial,or money,problems during the Depression.E.g.Issues such as air pollution,traffic congestion,are not really his concern.Word Analysisn nPrefix,Suffix,Stem stem:pay(v.)honest(adj.)prefix:repay(v.)dishonest(adj.)suffix:payment(n.)honestly(adv.)S+V+O句子太长难于理解When you are looking at a sentence to understand the main points,try to find the main words in the sentence,namely the subject,the verb and the object of the main clause.Try to ignore the other words,particularly the relative clauses and adverbial clauses.S.+V.+O.n nThe magazine as a product for leisure reading，enjoyment and information，or，as the Gentlemen of the Day would have put it“edification”，had its origins in England during the early years of the eighteenth century where the innovator was Daniel Defoe，the writer of Robinson CrusoeS.+V.+O.n nThese ideas,which left their mark on the development of European literature,chivalry,warfare,sanitation,commerce,political institutions,medicine,and the papacy,greatly changed Western culturen nIn todays world reading is necessary for all kinds of daily jobs.S.+V.+O.n nOn the job,your boss will give you a list of things to do before the day is finished.n nEven at the supermarket,the brightly colored packages will get you very confused unless you can read the labels.n nPeople at any age who can not read well often need tricks to get help and to hide their problems.Signal Wordsn n信号词就像红绿灯（traffic lights）使读者跟着作者的思路。Signal Wordsn nfor example;for instance;such as;as;likefor example;for instance;such as;as;like E.g.Most people are afraid of snakes and E.g.Most people are afraid of snakes and consider all of them to be harmful.consider all of them to be harmful.On the On the contrarycontrary,most snakes are helpful,most snakes are helpful becausebecause they eat rats,mice and insects.they eat rats,mice and insects.HoweverHowever,some snakes are poisonous and their bites some snakes are poisonous and their bites can be fatal.Rattlesnake,can be fatal.Rattlesnake,for instancefor instance,is a,is a well-known poisonous snake and has earned well-known poisonous snake and has earned his bad reputation.his bad reputation.Signal Wordsn nalthough;but;however;on the other hand;nevertheless;yet;on the contrary;instead E.g.Although the sun is shining,it is pretty cold today.We love peace,but we are not afraid of war.It is raining hard.However,I think we should go out.Signal Wordsn nso;thus;therefore;so that;thats why;accordingly;as a result;consequently;result in E.g.I have never been to America and therefore I dont know much about the country.The rain was heavy and consequently the land was flooded.Signal Wordsn nalso;next;too;in addition;furthermore;besides E.g.It is the responsibility of each student to obtain the required materials for each course;furthermore,they should get prepared before classes.The house isnt big enough for us,and furthermore,it is too far away from the town.Signal Wordsn nwhen;meanwhile;before;first;to begin with;when;meanwhile;before;first;to begin with;then;next;after;until;finallythen;next;after;until;finally E.g.E.g.WhenWhen those two wings were finished,those two wings were finished,Daedalus bound them on himself.Daedalus bound them on himself.ThenThen he rose he rose into the air to try his wings.into the air to try his wings.After thatAfter that,he bound,he bound a smaller pair of wings on his son Lcarus.a smaller pair of wings on his son Lcarus.BeforeBefore they took off,Daedalus warned Lcarus not to fly they took off,Daedalus warned Lcarus not to fly too near the sun.too near the sun.At firstAt first,Lcarus was obedient,Lcarus was obedient and followed close behind his father.But and followed close behind his father.But soonsoon,in,in the great joy of flying,he forgot all that his the great joy of flying,he forgot all that his father had told him.He went higher and higher father had told him.He went higher and higher into the heavens into the heavens untiluntil the heat of the sun melted the heat of the sun melted the wax that held the feathers to his wings.the wax that held the feathers to his wings.FinallyFinally,Lcarus fell into the blue waters of the sea.,Lcarus fell into the blue waters of the sea.Signal Wordsn nfirst;second;before;when E.g.This paragraph gives several instructions.First,circle all the signal words in the paragraph before you answer the questions.When you have finished the questions,hand in your answers.Referencesn n阅读的时候，您必须理解指代词，知道它们指代东西，这样对于你理解全文会有帮助；n n最典型的例子就是：代词指代名词(she,he,it,they)Referencesn nWhen the reference word is a pronoun,look for a previous noun that might match the pronoun.Make sure they match in gender(male,female),number(singular,plural)and case(subjective,objective or possessive)n nReplace the pronoun with its noun and check to see if the meaning is possible.n n掌握阅读题型，设计答题方法n n如何迅速把握文章大意S+V+OS+V+On n具体答题会猜会猜了解指代关系了解指代关系