跨文化交际实用教程unit4课件ppt.ppt
Unit4Unit4 VerbalCommunication1病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程ObjectivesLearntheculturallyloadedwordsLearntheculturalreflectionsonproverbsLearntaboosLearnthedifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns2病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程CONTENTSI.Warm-upcasesII.DetailedStudy:culturallyloadedwordsculturalreflectionsonproverbstaboosdifferencesinculturalthoughtpatternsIII.SummaryIV.Assignments3病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程4病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Case1.ShoesforStreetWalkingI.Warm-upcasesQuestion:Why did the Italian shop owner make such a blunder?Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.5病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Interpretationastreetwalker-aprostitutetohaveafit-tobecomesuddenlyandviolentlyangryorupset6病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Case2.AMisunderstandingCausedbyaJokeComment:Hustle-toforcesbtomakeadecisionbeforetheyarereadyorsure-toworkasaprostitute/romanceorsexishinted7病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Case3Lookout8病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Case3LookoutDidnt you hear me call look out?Yes,and thats what I did.9病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Case3LookoutLookout-tostickyourheadoutsideofsth.(window/door)totakealook-tobecareful,especiallywhenthereisdanger10病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程II.DetailedStudyLoadedwordsandphrasesarethosewhichhavestrongemotionalovertones(n.暗示，弦外音，寓意暗示，弦外音，寓意)orconnotations(n.涵义，言外之意涵义，言外之意),andwhichevokestronglypositiveornegativereactionsbeyondtheirliteralmeaning.1.CulturallyLoadedWordsWhatisloadedwords?11病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Culturally Loaded Words文化负载词(Cultural Loaning Words)1.是指标志某种文化中特有事物的词组和短语.2.文化负载词是反映一个国家、一个民族特有的文化和历史的一些词汇.12病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程2.2 Color Terms in Chinese and EnglishGroup Work 1.红糖 2.红茶 3.眼红 4.开门红 5.红白喜事1.brown sugar2.black-tea3.green-eyed4.to begin well,to make a good start5.weddings and funerals 13病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程 1.清白 2.白眼 3.青天 4.背黑锅 5.黄色书刊1.pure/clean/stainless2.supercilious look3.blue sky4.be made a scapegoat/be unjustly blamed5.filthy books 14病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程blue booka blue Mondaya white liea green woundred-letter days蓝皮书（美）刊载知名人士的书倒霉的星期一善意的谎言新伤，未痊愈的伤口喜庆的日子15病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Translating the Underlined Part1)Hes just a green recruit fresh from college2)I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didnt hear me3)One day,out of the blue,a girl rang up and said she was my sister 4)The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant16病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程5 Mary was always regarded as the black sheep of the family6 Youd better do something to prove youre not 7 Can you see the green in her eyes?8 The mere thought of her husband with the secretary made her see yellow17病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程9)I got some black looks from the shopkeeper when I cancelled my order.10)When Im feeling blue,all I have to do is take a look at you,and then Im not so blue11)Dont tell me any white lie to make me feel good12)It may cost over a week to go through all the red tape to get permission18病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程13 His type of humor is a bit too black for my tastes14 Are you all right?You look absolutely white 15 He based his judgment on headlines and yellow journalism19病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程yellow journalism指不择手段的夸张，渲染以招揽或影响读者的黄色新闻编辑作风。如突出社会丑闻，把普通新闻写得耸人听闻，有时甚至歪曲事实以引起轰动等。20病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程龙龙-dragon干部干部-cadre母马母马-femalehorse?/mare?扁担扁担-acarryingpole;ashoulderpole一本书一本书-abook知识分子知识分子-intellectual社会科学社会科学-socialscience?/thehumanities?CanyoufindtheequivalentwordsinEnglishfortheseChinesewords?21病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Interpretations龙龙-inCC,itisatotemwithmanyroyalassociations,龙颜，龙床，龙颜，龙床，龙袍，龙袍，龙心大喜。龙心大喜。InEC,dragonreferstohorrible,disgustingmonsters.22病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程知识分子知识分子InCC,itreferstopeopleincludingcollegeteachers,collegestudents,middleschoolteachers,andsuchpeopleasmedicaldoctors,engineers,interpreters.InEC,itreferstopeopleofhighacademicstatus(collegeprofessors)muchsmallerrangeofpeople.notalwaysacomplimentaryterm,sometimesusedinderogatorysense.23病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程干部干部-asmallgroupofpeoplewhoarespeciallychosenandtrainedforaparticularpurpose.骨干队伍骨干队伍-amemberofthiskindofgroup.干部干部InEC,manypeopledontknowwhatitmeans.(notacommonword)Someothersubstitutes:official,functionary,administrator,etc.ButnoneofthesegetsexactsamemeaningasChineseword“干部干部”.24病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程社会科学社会科学SocialSciencesinChinesecoversallthefieldsexcepttheonesinthenaturalscienceandappliedsciences.Sameas“thehumanities”inEnglish.WhileinEnglish,“socialsciences”coverasmallerareaoflearning.Itincludespoliticalscience,economics,history(oftenclassifiedunderthehumanities)andsociology.-thebranchesoflearningthatstudyhumansociety,especiallyitsorganizationandrelationshipofindividualmemberstoit.25病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Birdsandanimals/maleorfemaleGenerictermmalefemaletheyoungchickencock/roosterhenchickduckdrakeduckducklinggoosegandergoosegoslinghorsestallionmarefoalcattle/cowbullcowcalfdogdogbitchpuppysheepramewelambdeerstagdoefawnpigboarsowshoat26病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程bull,cow,cockorhen,male,female,sheNotallanimalsorbirdshavespecificnamesthatdenotedifferentsex.bull,cow,cockorhenarefrequentlyusedtodistinguishsex.bullseal,cocksparrow,hensparrowmale,female,shealsoacceptablemaleleopard,femalepanda,shewolf27病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程副副副主席副主席vice-chairman副教授副教授associateprofessor副主任副主任deputydirector副秘书长副秘书长assistantsecretary副州长副州长lieutenantgovernor副国务卿副国务卿undersecretary28病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程SummaryAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;（扁担）（扁担）Wordsortermsinbothlanguageappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;（龙）（龙）29病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Thingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,ie,finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;（社会科学）（社会科学）Termshavemoreorlessthesameprimarymeaning,buthavesecondaryoradditionalmeaningsthatmaydifferconsiderablyfromeachother.（龙）（龙）30病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程2.CulturalReflectionsonProverbsProverbsmayprovideinterestingglimpsesorcluestoapeoplesgeography,history,socialorganization,socialviews,etc.Anewbroomsweepsclean.Manyhandsmakelightwork.Dontputoffuntiltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Killtwobirdswithonestone.Hastemakeswaste.31病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Wheretheressmoketheresfire.Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheothersideofthefence.Beautyisonlyskindeep.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.Giveapersonadoseofhisownmedicine.32病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Manproposes,Goddisposes.尽人事，听天命。/谋事在人，成事在天。Itisasintostealapin.勿以恶小而为之，勿以善小而不为。Revengeisadishthatcouldbeeatencold.君子报仇，十年不晚。Everydoghasitsday.人人皆有得意日。/十年风水轮流转。33病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Adogslife争吵不休，过着不安宁的日子Gotothedogs每况愈下Dog-eat-dog狗咬狗的，损人利己的Doginthemanger站着茅坑不拉屎Dogdays大热天Doggybag餐馆里的打包袋34病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Theaboveexpressionsgetsimilar/samemeaningsbothinEnglishandChinese.Butsomeothersgetdissimilarities:良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。瓜田不纳履，李下不整冠。一人得道，鸡犬升天。一人得道，鸡犬升天。35病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程HardtofindequivalentsAbsencemakestheheartgrowfonder.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Letsleepingdogslie.Youcantteachanolddognewtricks.Youcanthaveyourcakeandeatittoo.36病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Lighteningneverstrikesthesameplacetwice.福无双至，祸不单行。？福无双至，祸不单行。？坏事不过二坏事不过二。祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重祸无双至。同一灾害不会在同一场所重复发生。复发生。Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.一叶知秋。？一叶知秋。？一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。一燕不成夏。一花独放不是春。37病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Surfacesimilarities,butdifferencesIttakestwotomakeaquarrel.Amissisasgoodasamile.Gildingthelily.Lifebeginsatforty.Ifyouliedownwithdogs,youwillgetupwithfleas.近朱者赤，近朱者赤，近墨者黑近墨者黑。38病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Pleasechoosetheproperwordsforeachphrase.harehorsesnailmousebeemuleasbusyasa_asslowasa_asstubbornasa_astimidasa_snailbeemulehareasstrongasa_horseaspoorasachurch_mouse39病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（1）mention of gods(神灵的名字)（2）near-swearing(近似誓词咒语)（3）sex（4）death（5）disease（6）excretion(排泄)40病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos英汉相同禁忌话题英汉相同禁忌话题（1）sex（2）the activities in the rest room（3）something disgusting，如呕吐、抠鼻子等（4）something sad，如患了癌症、死亡等。但由于在历史、文化、思维等方面存在着差异，他们的委婉语有着很大的不同。41病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（disease）WesternCulture:cancer:the big C;long illness AIDS or 梅毒:social diseaseChinese Culture:不治之症42病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（分泌（分泌menstruation）WesternCulture:Im having my periods.I am a woman for a week.I am having my friends with me.Chinese Culture:例假；倒霉了；身上来了43病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（上厕所）（上厕所）WesternCulture:toilet;water closet;rest room pass water;answer natures call;wash ones hands,do ones businessChinese Culture:方便；去一号44病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程HumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeonesauntImgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.45病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（pregnant）WesternCulture:sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.sheisexpecting.sheisinadelicatecondition.sheiswell-along.sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.Chinese Culture:有了、有喜了、快要当妈妈了46病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（die）WesternCulture:pass away;go to the heaven;go to sleep;go to see the God;depart;be in heaven with God depart from this world；go to a better worldChinese Culture:去世了、老了、走了、没了驾崩、薨、夭折、崩、薨、夭折、牺牲、一命牲、一命呜呼、断气呼、断气“离开了我离开了我们们”,“辞世辞世”,“去去见马见马克思了克思了”,“归归西西”,“升天升天”,“上路上路”47病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（英汉不同禁忌话题）（英汉不同禁忌话题）年老年老称谓称谓48病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（old）WesternCulture:a seasoned man(历练者)the advanced in age(年长者)the mature;elder hospital(老人团)retirement home (敬老院)；private hospital(老人院)nursing home(养老院)；golden age club(老年俱乐部)Chinese Culture:“老”常带敬意，是资历和地位的象征老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅老师、老同志、老大爷、老师傅49病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos（称谓）（称谓）WesternCulture:城市、街道、地名用著名总统名：Washington;Lincoln大学以赞助人的名字命名：Harvard;StanfordName after.Chinese Culture:忌讳晚辈的名字与长辈相同、谐音或同音；有，不尊敬长辈，是欺祖少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命少用历史人物名讳，没福分，短命50病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程3.Taboos-aculturalorreligiouscustomthatdoesnotallowpeopletodo,useortalkaboutaparticularthingaspeoplefinditoffensiveorembarrassingExcretaandactsofhumanexcretionSexualintercourse/certainpartsofthebody(fourletters)Swearwords(age,sex,occupation)51病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程HumanExcretiongotothecan/gototheJohngoandseeonesauntImgoingtopicksomeflowers.CanIaddsomepowder?Iwouldliketopowdermynose.IwonderifIcouldgosomewhere.heed/answerthecallofnatureMayIbeexcused?Naturecallsme.52病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Sex/Bodypartspeepee(penis)weewee(urinate)downthere(vagina)sheisexpectingababy.sheisinafamilyway.Sheisexpecting.Sheisinadelicatecondition.Sheiswell-along.Sheisabouttohaveablessedevent.53病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程dieGodepartdepartfromthisworldgotoabetterworldgothewaysofallfleshpassawaylateInChinese,wealsocanfindsimilareuphemisms:“去了去了”,“离开了我们离开了我们”,“辞世辞世”,“去见马克思了去见马克思了”,“归西归西”,“升天升天”,“上路上路”54病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程diseaseAbbreviations:SARS(SevereAcuteRespiratorySyndromes)AIDS(AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome)V.D(venerealdisease)性病性病bigC/longdisease/terminalillness(cancer)55病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程OldAgeseniorcitizensadvancedinagegoldenyears56病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Swearwords1.somewordsaremoreoffensivesomeareless2.age,sex,occupation3.settingorenvironment57病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程4.DifferencesinCulturalThoughtPatternsEnglish-speakers-linearanddirectSemitic-combinationoftangentialandsemi-directAsian-circularRomance-moreconsistentlycircuitousRussian-directandcircuitous58病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程American-factual-inductive(ascertainfacts,findsimilarities,andformulateconclusions)Russian-combinationofdirectandcircuitousapproaches/axiomatic-deductive(movefromgeneralprincipletoparticularswhichcanbeeasilydeduced)Arab-intuitive-affective(factsaresecondarytoemotions)59病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程Understandingandappreciationofdifferencesamongculturesincognitiveprocessingandproblemsolvingisamajorsteptowardsuccessfulinterculturalcommunication.60病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程III.SummaryCulturallyloadedwordsCulturalreflectionsonproverbsTaboosDifferencesinculturalthoughtpatterns61病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程IV.Assignments1.ResearchTopicDifferentcolorshavedifferentassociationsindifferentlanguages.Pleasemakeaclosestudyofthe“color”languagesinChineseandEnglish.2.Watchthevideo“AJourneytoIndia”62病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能，破坏机体内环境的相对稳定性，且在一定部位生长繁殖，引起不同程度的病理生理过程1.Justicehaslongarms.2.Treaduponeggs.3.sanitationengineer4.Industrialclimate5.Totakethingswithoutpermission6.Amanofdoubtfultaste7.Gildingthelily8.Youcanthavethecakeandeatittoo.9.Associateprofessor10.ethnocentrism6364
