2016高考英语阅读理解-推断题解题方法.ppt

试卷试卷主旨主旨要义要义作者意作者意图、观图、观点和态点和态度度选择选择标题标题文章文章结构结构简单判简单判断和推断和推理理推断推断生词生词词义词义12年22255113年11055014年卷I12155114年卷II10154215卷卷I13053115卷卷II14155116卷卷III111562全国卷近全国卷近5 5年阅读理解考点分布对比年阅读理解考点分布对比(含七选五含七选五)阅读理解专题阅读理解专题推理判断题推理判断题推理判断类题型特点推理判断类题型特点:在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实解文章中直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示根据作者暗示的内容的内容，推断出合理的结论。推断出合理的结论。阅阅读读推推理理判判断断题题1.Questionforms:It can be inferred from the text that .From the text we know that is most likely .When the writer talks about,what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).找到信息源找到信息源2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment,itwas_.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsectsOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）（蟑螂）andtwospiders（蜘蛛）（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.Well”repliedtheman，“ImmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”实例透析1.2.Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudontturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）（依附）theundersidewilldie.Thepassageimpliesthatrocks_.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.wontbefoundonbeachesD.cantbefoundonbeaches实例透析2.1.问题特点问题特点：题干中通常含有题干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,thinkof,thinkabout,intheauthorsopinion/mind等标志性词语等标志性词语.2.技巧点拨：技巧点拨：注意作者表达感情色彩的注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词，虚拟语气，情态动词，某些过渡词动词，虚拟语气，情态动词，某些过渡词及所举的例子及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。，推断出作者的弦外之音。说明作者的态度:(1)objective (2)positive (3)negative (4)neutral (5)approval (6)disapproval(7)indifferent (8)ironic (9)critical (10)optimistic (11)pessimistic (12)cautious客观的客观的消极的消极的漠不关心的漠不关心的赞成的赞成的不赞成的不赞成的乐观的乐观的悲观的悲观的积极的积极的讽刺的讽刺的批评的批评的中立的中立的谨慎的谨慎的3.Why isnt your newspaper reportingany good news？All I read about ismurder,bribery(行行 贿贿),and death.Frankly，Imsickofallthebadnews.This authors attitude towards thenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform4.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchdangerousactivities?Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,peoplesliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.Nowadays,according to many people,life offers littleexcitement.They live and work in safe conditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthese people is to look for danger in activities such asbungeejumping.The writer of the text has a _ attitude towardsdangeroussports.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.nervous1.Questionforms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨(1)从从文体类别文体类别来推断写作目的来推断写作目的(2)从从写作手法写作手法来推断写作目的来推断写作目的(3)根据根据主题句主题句推断写作目的推断写作目的2.常见的写作目的归纳常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）常见于常见于故事类故事类的文章。的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于常见于广告类广告类的文章。的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于多见于科普类科普类新闻报道类新闻报道类文化类或文化类或社会类社会类的文章的文章.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt itliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameover you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the WaveEnergy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereadersattentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylorsimportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman.Theylivedwiththemansbigfamily.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparentshome,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheartbroken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomanshome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusbandshome.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife Ayoungmanmarriedayoungwoman.Theylivedwith the mans big family.The family kept anelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheartbroken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewomanshome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusbandshome.Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto_.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife45.Whatisthe purposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?A.Tocallpeoplesattentiontooceanpollution.B.Towarnpeopleofshippingsafetyintheocean.C.Toexplainauniquewayofstudyingoceancurrents.D.Togivetipsonhowtosearchforlostobjectsonthebeach.Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents(洋流洋流).Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhightechequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialwaybystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyearsexperience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.(2(2分钟分钟)真题链接真题链接【20142014年广东卷年广东卷】7【技巧点拨技巧点拨】1.段落中出现段落中出现表转折表转折的词语的词语(如如however,but,infact,actually,while,onthecontrary,incontrast等等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。3.表示总结或结论的话常有表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等。等。1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof_.2.解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的这类问题应从文章的内容内容或或结构或典型的句子结构或典型的句子来来判断其出处：判断其出处：(1)报纸：报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告：广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等间、次数、药量等(4)网络：网络：wwwcom,blog,ebooks,clickhere，Internet，updateDontwanderaimlesslythroughlife.Getconfusedonyourgoals,starthelpingothersinneed,andlivelifetothefullest!Lifeistooshorttobeanythingbuthappy.Visitmyblogandfindwhatyouvebeenmissing.Signupformynewsletterandgetsevenfreeebooks,too!Read hundreds of articles while youre there in thearticlesection,whichisupdateddaily.(浙江卷)Thistextmustbetakenfrom_AaradioprogramB.awebsiteC.anewspaperD.aTVprogram Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount.For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma_.A.medical bookB.newspaper C.doctors notebookD.bottle of medicine1.Questionforms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2.解题技巧解题技巧做这类题时应把握作者的做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路写作思路(如文如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，要把握，要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比构。摸准逻辑发展的方向，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。较科学的、合情合理的预测。9.When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of changing their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they cut down trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization(城市化)According to these rules,what statement shouldnt we choose?1.备选项的中心词备选项的中心词背离文章背离文章的主题思想的主题思想2.文中叙述的是文中叙述的是事实事实3.文中没依据文中没依据主观臆断主观臆断4.太太绝对绝对或太或太片面片面5.偷换偷换概念概念Practicemakesperfect.1.When the young waitress near my housestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.When I walked over,she asked,“Are yousingle?”“Why,yes.Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?高考链接.1.Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitressagebecausehethought_.A.shewasyoungB.shewasbeautifulC.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim2.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause_.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch高考链接.2.Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longago people thought the ticking meant thatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalledthedeathwatchbeetle.Itcanbeinferred fromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle_.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Maryfeelspityforherself.B.Maryhasrecoveredfromherdisease.C.Marywantstohelpothersasmuchaspossible.D.Marydeterminestogobacktothedancefloor.Although her disease has affected her eyesight andforced her to the sidelines of the dance floor,sherefusestofallintoselfpity.“Everybodyonearthcanask,whyme?aboutsomethingorother,”sheinsists.“Itdoesntdoanygood.Nooneisimmune(免免疫疫的的)toheartache pain,and disappointments.Sometimes wecanmakethingsbetterbyhelpingothers.Ivecometorealizetheimportanceofthat asIvegrownupthissecondtime.IwanttospeakoutandbeashelpfulasIcanbe.”高考链接-湖南卷4 Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthetext?A.HappinesscomesfrompeacefullifeinthecountryB.HealthismoreimportantthanmoneyC.TheharmonybetweenmanandnatureisimportantD.GoodolddayswillneverbeforgottenThenthepeoplerealizedwhatwashappening.Itwasthefrog.Theyhadntbeenuseless.Theyhadbeendoinganimportantjobeatinginsects.Withsomanyfrogskilled,theinsectswereincreasingmorerapidly.Theyweredamagingthecropsandspreadingdiseases.Now,thepeoplearestillpoor.Butintheeveningstheysitinthevillagesquareandlistentosoundsofinsectsandfrogs.Thesesoundsofthenightnowhaveamuchdeepermeaning.高考链接-辽宁卷5topicsentenceJustascryingcanbehealthy,notcryingholdingbacktears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad forphysical(身身体体的的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuch control of emotions can lead to high bloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,dontfight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotionalresponse(反应反应).）According to the author,which of the followingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.