教育专题：一般过去时和现在完成时.ppt

现在完成时现在完成时一般过去时一般过去时 山东省兖州区第十五中学山东省兖州区第十五中学李炜李炜 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成上一页下一页助动词助动词have have(has(has）+过过去分词去分词现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束。下一页Someone has just turned off the light.Someone has just turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了。)I have already finished my homework.I have already finished my homework.(我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业。)二.表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延 续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或 事情可能仍在继续。下一页 I want to see how much the place I want to see how much the place has has changed since I saw it last.I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法三.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.下一页Have you ever been to the Summer Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Palace?(你曾去过颐和园吗?)I have never had a car.I have never had a car.(我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法四.现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first time，Its the first time 连用。下一页This is the first time he has driven a car This is the first time he has driven a car.这是他第一次开车。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与不确定的时间状语不确定的时间状语连用，如:already,already,never,ever,just,yet,before,up to never,ever,just,yet,before,up to now,so far,for the last few weeksnow,so far,for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作.还可以和包括现在在内包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语一段时间的状语连用，如:now,now,today,this morning(afternoon,today,this morning(afternoon,evening,week,month,year),these evening,week,month,year),these days,since,for a long time days,since,for a long time等.下一页一、一、sincesince短语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，sincesince之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.（1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。）HeHe s learned about 5,000 English words s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.since he went to college.（他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。）下一页二二、forfor短语表示动作延续多长时短语表示动作延续多长时 间，间，forfor的宾语为时间段。的宾语为时间段。We have known each other for We have known each other for twenty years.twenty years.（我们认识有二十年了。）I havenI haven t seen her for a long time.t seen her for a long time.（我好久没有见到她了。）下一页三、三、just,lately,recentlyjust,lately,recently是完成时的是完成时的时间状语，时间状语，just now just now 有有a moment a moment ago ago 之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived.The train has just arrived.（火车刚到。）Did you see Joan just now?Did you see Joan just now?（你刚才看到琼了吗？）Have you heard from your family Have you heard from your family lately/recently?lately/recently?（你最近收到家人的来信了吗？）下一页四、四、in the past few years in the past few years 意思是意思是“过去几年来过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的，可作现在完成时的时间状语；时间状语；in the pastin the past意思是意思是“在过在过去去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。，常作一般过去时的时间状语。Great changes have taken place Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few in my hometown in the past few years.years.（过去几年来，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。）Where did you work in the past?Where did you work in the past?（你过去在哪里工作？）下一页五、五、ever since thenever since then与与from then on from then on(after that)(after that)都有都有“打那以后打那以后”之意，之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。用作一般过去时的时间状语。SheShe s lived here ever since then.s lived here ever since then.（打那以后，她一直住在这。）I didnI didn t hear of Jim from then t hear of Jim from then on/after that.on/after that.（打那以后，我就没有吉姆的消息。）下一页 六、六、beforebefore泛指泛指“以前以前”时，可用时，可用于现在完成时中；于现在完成时中；agoago表示表示“现在的现在的一段时间以前一段时间以前”，是一般过去时的，是一般过去时的时间状语。时间状语。I have never been to Japan I have never been to Japan before.before.（我以前没去过日本。）She went to Japan a year ago.She went to Japan a year ago.（她一年前去了日本。）下一页七、七、everever和和nevernever也是现在完成时常也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是见的时间状语。前者意思是“曾经曾经”，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是者意思是“从来没有从来没有”，表示全部，表示全部否定。否定。“Have you ever seen the film?Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.No.I have never seen it.”（“你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“没有，从来没看过。”）Nobody in our class has ever Nobody in our class has ever been there.been there.（我们班没有人去过那。）下一页八、八、alreadyalready和和yetyet常见于现在完成时常见于现在完成时中，有中，有“已经已经”之意。前者一般用之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。yetyet在否定句中有在否定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“Has the bus left yetHas the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.Yes.It has already left.”(“No.It hasnNo.It hasn t left yet.)t left yet.)“汽车开走了吗？”“是的，已经开走了。”“不，还没有开走。”下一页九、九、so far(so far(到目前为止到目前为止)these days(these days(这些天这些天)也是现在完成也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。时常见的时间状语。So far,no man has travelled So far,no man has travelled farther than the moon.farther than the moon.（到目前为止，还没有人到月球以外旅行。）What have you done these days?What have you done these days?（这些天来，你做了什么事？）下一页短暂性动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,get to know,go,join,leave,marry 等。下一页为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词（形容词、位置副词、介词短语）”来 代替短暂性动词。become become bebe,begin,beginhavehave,borrow borrow keepkeep,buy ,buy havehave,come(go,arrive,get)come(go,arrive,get)be here/there/in be here/there/in，diediebebe deaddead,fall asleep(ill),fall asleep(ill)be be asleep(ill),asleep(ill),finish finish be overbe over,get to,get to knowknowknowknow,joinjoinbebe in in（be a be a member of member of ）,leaveleavebebe away(fromaway(from),),marrymarrybebe married married下一页 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。下一页have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to a place 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。下一页 Has she ever been to Nanjing?Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have You have never been there,have you?you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been to I have been to GuilingGuiling,I went there ,I went there last year.last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。She has gone to Nanjing.She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。下一页动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页谢谢谢谢