英语7 Unit4 Civilization.ppt

Table of ContentsDo you know the inventions in the following pictures?Match the pictures with their names.paper printing compass carsteam engine telephone electic bulb gunpowder Work in pairs and discuss which invention is the most important and give your reasons.Then note down some key words.The most important invention in my opinion is .Suggested answer:The reasons:1.It has made great contribution to recording human civilization.2.It promotes other scientific developments,such as printing.3.It brings convenience for people to write.paperTick out the things which our ancestors used to writeon before paper was invented.Then read through thetext quickly to check your answers.()stone()bones()tortoise shells()skins()silk()bronze objects()wooden and bamboo strips Imagine a world without paper!There would be no books,no newspapers,nothing on which to write.But,wait!Our ancestors did manage to writewithout paper.How did they do so?Think about the question and try to figure out possible answer!You may know that people of the Shang Dynasty some 3,000 years ago used animal bones and tortoise shells as a sort of“paper”.They kept records by inscribing words on those materials.The inscribed bones are known today as oracle bones.Apart from some ceremonies in which they were used,oracle bones also record historical events,royal activities,information about natural phenomena and farming techniques.They are the earliest historical documents so far discovered in China and give us the only clear idea we can have about Chinese civilization in that remote period.雕刻；书雕刻；书写写 Later,during the succeeding Zhou Dynasty,characters were cast on bronze objects such as bells and cooking vessels.This,too,was an attempt at permanent record keeping.These inscriptions are known as Zhongdingwen or“metal inscriptions”.You can find them in almost every temple and museum in China today.However,this sort of“paper”was really expensive.First,it required a great deal of metal material which was at that time rare and costly.Besides,writing on such“paper”was a very complicated process.So this practicewas not very practical for ordinary people.A Then,around 600 B.C.,wooden and bamboo strips became a writing medium.People wrote by carving words on such strips known as“inscribed bamboo”or“wooden strips”.The strips were then strung together with strings to form books.You can imagine how hard it must have been to carve characters on wood and bamboo strips and how cumbersome the resulting books were.A single book might weigh hundreds,even thousands,of kilograms.Qinshihuang was said to start his day by reading official accounts on such strips weighingup to 50 kilograms.B To lighten their reading material,people eventually began to write on silk,using the newly invented brush and ink.But silk was too expensive to be used often.In the Eastern Han Dynasty students and scholars were in urgent need of something cheaper and more convenient on whichto write.lightenlightlightening急需急需A court official named Cai Lun was determined to develop a new and better writing material.He used bark,hemp,rags and old fishing nets as possible ingredients.First,he cut all his raw materials into small pieces and then pounded them into a paste or pulp.This thin layer of pulp was then dried on a piece of fine cloth.When it dried completely,it was paper.It was thin and light,inexpensive tomake and quite durable.e.g.I am determined to work hard and make progress day by day.He is determined to win the English composition contest.In the year 105 A.D.,Cai Lun reported his accomplishment to the emperor and his method was soon introduced to all parts of the country.After the third century A.D.,paper was widely used in China and the techniques for making it spread to other parts of the world,first to east andsouth Asia and later to the West.accomplishmentaccomplish传入；传入；传播传播Skim the text and put the following events in the correct order.1)People wrote by carving words on wooden and bamboo strips.2)People began to write on silk,using the newly invented brush and ink.3)Paper was widely used in China and spread to other parts of the world.4)People kept records by inscribing words on animal bones and tortoise shells.5)Bark,hemp,rags and old fishing nets were used as possible ingredients to make paper.6)People cast Chinese characters on bronze objects.The correct order:461253Work in pairs to fill in the table with the information from the text.Group A animal bonestortoise shellsoracle bonesearliesthistorical documentsZhou Dynastybellscooking vessels metal inscriptionsrare and costlya very complicated processnot very practicalGroup B wooden and bambooInscribed bamboowooden stripshardheavybarks,hemps,ragsold fish netstoo expensive600BC-Easten Han DynastythincheapdurableWork in groups to retell the long history of the invention of paper based on the table above.the reading materialRead the following passage and discuss what the signifi-cance of the invention of paper is,and then sum up your ideas and note them down.Suggested answer:1)Paper was introduced to the east and led to papermaking in Korea.2)Paper was introduced to Xingjiang and Tibet along Silk Road to the west.3)The technique of papermaking was introduced to India in the 7th century,therefore by the time Hsuan Tsang from China arrived in India in 671 AD,paper was already widely used there.Suggested answer:4)In the 12th century,the first paper industry was established in Europe due to the arrival of paper.5)Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press because of the rise of paper industry.6)The first paper industry in the North America was also built in Philadelphia in 1690.Look at the following pictures and discuss in groups what each of them suggests.Then fill in the following blanks and give a report to the whole class.Discussion Discussion 1)Make clear the logic between the pictures through observation.2)Imagine whats a paperless era like.3)Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.Homework Task 1Finish Task 5 in Comprehending.Task 2Preview Word Power and do the exercises.Check your homework first!Check your homework first!What attitude do you hold toward blood donation?Do you think it is good or harmful to peoples health?A paperless era is necessary and possible because theapplication of hi-technology.As the progress of modern te-chnology,people use computer to replace the traditionalmeans of documenting in office.Hi-tech“paper”is inventedto fulfill peoples needs of reading.It give people the feel of real paper,but it is by no means paper in traditional conception.It has many advantages:First,it saves natural resources.Secondly,it brings a lot convenience to daily life.Last butnot least,it also will change peoples way of working.Suggested answer:Discussion Choose one word from the text to complete eachof the following sentence.The first letter is given.1)We cant have that of thing happening again.(Para.2)2)All of us wish that they could give us entertain-ment.(Para.2)3)We will learn a new subject called“biochemistry in the 4)term.(Para.3)5)4)The statue which stands in the center of the square is 6)in bronze.(Para.3)sortroyalsucceedingcost5)I especially like reading a novel with a plot(Para.3)6)She decided to have the pearls together to make a necklace.(Para.4)7)He really didnt know how to the burden placed on his family by his sons illness.(Para.3)8)To tell you the truth,I really cant understand why the Japanese often fish.(Para.5)complicatedstrunglightenrawRefer to the text and find out the meanings of the expressions in the box,and complete the following paragraph with some of the expressions.Change theform if necessary.With fast food China,many people have put onweight because of it.,the percentage of fat children “obese(过度肥胖的)children”in China has alreadyreached 15%!Some of them even twice as muchthe normal weight of their age.fast food containstoo many calories which is the main cause of their obesity.Therefore,these fat children are all kinds ofexercises.exercising,they should also have ahealthy way of life,including their diets.So farknown asspreading toweigh up toA great deal ofin urgent need ofApart fromSelect one proper word from each group to complete one of the following sentences.Change the form if necessary.A.He in developing a new method to make paper.B.Mrs.Smith was a businesswoman but not a good mother.C.In the play,he will act as the heroKing Lear.A.He got this years because of his hard work.B.As a good teacher,one should be more in ones manner.C.We have already invited a famous to give a lecture at our school.succeededsuccessfulsucceedingscholarshipscholarlyscholarA.Any words to this book will make its purpose clear.B.Mr.Wu said that a new student to the class next Monday.C.With a letter of ,he got the job very easily.A.He is trying to make all kinds of efforts to the burden of work.B.He up a cigarette and took a puff to his hearts content.C.She told me she especially liked the and airy bedrooms.D.She noticed that the lamps in the street shed a faintE.into the room.introductorywould be introducedintroductionlightenlitlightlightA.If you want to learn a language,speak it as much as you can for makes perfect.B.In order to solve the problem,you need to adopt a approach.C.They are singing the new song in the next room.practicepracticalpracticingComplete the following sentences by using the proper forms of the phrase above.1)Your article is too longplease to 1,000 words.2)He always in his study,which made him fail in the final exam.3)Children were not allowed to their parents conversation in the past.4)4)When he saw the armys failure,the General .5)5)The farmers all the dead branches from the orange trees.cut downcut cornerscut intocut and runcut awayWrite down some phrasal verbs with“take”,“keep”and“make”.take actiontake sb.abacktake after sb.take sth downtake offtake upmake offmake outmake upmake formake itkeep offkeep awaykeep backkeep on keep outkeep downHomework Preview Grammar and do the exercise.Read the examples in the table carefully and underline all the relative clauses,recalling the grammatical rules they represent before you read the rules in the right column.Read more examples,paying attention to the coloured parts,and try to find more rules for using relative clauses.Then complete the notes in the right column.Use appropriate relative words to fill in the following blanks.1)He was a man all his friends admired and won the respect even of his enemies.2)Lets discuss only such questions concern everyone of us.3)Hes the best man I can find can mend it within an hour.4)There was one thing he told me I didnt know.5)My stand on this problem is just the same it was one year ago.6)The house he bought in 1968,and he sold two years later,is again on the market.whomwhoas(that)who(that)whichas(that)whichCombine the following pairs of sentences by using relative clauses.1)They had a fine walk.2)The walk had done his stomach good.2)He spoke to me in a special tone.I do not like the tone at all.3)The reason is his own business.He came to the party so early.They had a fine walk which had done his stomach good.He spoke to me in a special tone which I do not like at all.The reason why he came to the party so early is his won business.4)He sold the vase the day before yesterday and bought it back yesterday.This is the vase.5)He paid 1,000 for this picture.The picture was once owned by a British duke.3)Lu Xun lived in the house in Beijing.It is now a museum.This is the vase(that)he sold the day before yesterday which he bought back yesterday.He paid 1,000 dollars for this pictures which was once owned by a British duke.The house in which Lu Xun lived in Beijing is now a museum.Homework 1.Review Grammar 2.Preview the vocabulary in Listening and Speaking.Write down the names of the Four Great Inventions and discuss with your partner the importance of these inventions.paper printing compass gunpowder Do you know the Four Great Inventions of China?Yes,they are paper,campus,printing and gunpowder.Listen to a dialogue and decide which of the followingis its main idea.23 A.What a wonderful lecture about the Four Great Inventions of the Chinese!B.Of the four inventions,printing is the most important one.C.Its a pity for the girl to miss the lecture.D.Lets be proud of our Chinese ancestors.Listen again and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).Then underline the wrong part.1)The boy attended a lecture on Chinese history and its development.2)According to the lecturer,the Chinese Four Great Inventions are the great contributions made by the Chinese people to the worlds civilizations.3)The girl was extremely interested in the invention of paper.FTF 4)Modern printing developed from the movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng at the end of the 11th century.5)The influence of movable type printing was far-reaching because it had solved all the previous problems in the printing process.6)The girl was proud of those great inventions in Chinese history,and so was the boy.FFT1)Professor Smith gave a(n)in the hall.In his lecture,he introduced the ,the as well as the of the Four Great Invention of the Chinese.He said that they were the great of the Chinese people to .2)The girl in the dialogue was especially interested in .She got to know that by the end of the century,a man called Bi Sheng movable type printing,which had a far-reaching .Our modern printing mainly from it.And the world has been greatly by paper and printing.With the invention of paper,convenient became possible and with the development of printing,knowledge became to all people.Listen for the third time and fill in the blanks.lectureorigindevelopmentcontributionthe worlds civilizationsprinting11thinventedinfluencedevelopedshapedcommunicationavailable Work in pairs to express your excitement and pride based on the following situations,using some of the sentence patterns provided for you.Jim,you know youve got the scholarship this year?Thanks.Really?Fantastic!Congratulations!I feel so proud that Liu Xiang has won the gold medal in 110m hurdle race in the Olympic Games.Yeah!They really did a good job.Me,too.And I am also proud of the Chinese athletes.Homework 2.Preview Writing.1.Applying sentence patterns to more different situations to express excitement and pride.Discuss with your partner what factors should be taken into consideration when you decide to write an experiment/a lab report.Read the following short passage to check.titleexperimenters namepurposeprocedureresultconclusionLook at the following chart to check whether you have listed all the factors needed.Title:Experimenters namePurpose:Material:Procedure:1)2)Result:Conclusion:Read Para.5 of the reading text again,and try to find out all the related information according to the chart above.Title:The make-up of paper Experimenters name:Wu LinPurpose:to demonstrate the process of making paper used by Cai LunMaterials:bark,hemp,rags,old fishing netsProcedure:1)Cut all the raw materialsbark,hemp,ra