2017年全国高考英语语法填空专项复习.ppt

2017年全国高考英年全国高考英语语法填空法填空 专题复复习考纲解读考纲解读一篇一篇200字左右的短文或字左右的短文或对话,话题贴近学近学生生活。生生活。能力考能力考查：理解理解语篇、句子篇、句子结构、构、运用运用语法、法、单词短短语空格空格类型型有提示有提示词无提示无提示词2014-2016全国卷语法填空知识点分布2014一卷2014二卷2015一卷2015二卷2016一卷2016二卷2016三卷名词changespaintingsabilityattractiondaysachievementstudiesdevelopment形容词cleaner amazingpatientdisappointednaturalgreater副词actuallysuddenlybeforeregularlyslowlyofficiallyregularlygradually时态语态主谓一致wascaughtarrivedisgoeswas allowedisbemadewere非谓语toreducebeing/to stop/ridingconductedlivingbuilt/usingtocoolpermittedintroducingtobringtocreateusing代词meitsits冠词thethethea介词tobyattoonwith连词orandand从句that定语that定语How宾语When定语when状语Who定语短语搭配asas特殊句式Did疑问make祈使根据上表，我根据上表，我们知道，知道，语法填空的考点或法填空的考点或考考查内容是：内容是：(1)纯空格空格题：通常考通常考_ 等四等四类词。一个空格只能填。一个空格只能填 个个单词(2)有提示有提示词题型：型：通常考通常考 _、_、_、_等。一个空格可以填等。一个空格可以填_个个单词 冠冠词、介、介词、连词和代和代词一动词形容形容词和副和副词的比的比较等等级词性性转换一到两一到两名名词3.3.the head of the village was tying up his horse to the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to my car to pull it to small town some 20 small town some 20 kilometers away.kilometers away.4.I still remember taking _ visiting friend 4.I still remember taking _ visiting friend from from CanadaCanada to a local Black Country pub to a local Black Country pub(酒店酒店酒店酒店)for lunch.for lunch.考点一：冠词考点一：冠词 名词之前名词之前1.There once were a goat There once were a goat(山羊山羊山羊山羊)and a donkeyand a donkey(驴驴).So.So the farmer killed _ goat and gave the the farmer killed _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.donkey medicine made from its heart.2.When I see a child subject to2.When I see a child subject to(受到受到受到受到)this kind of this kind of pressure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,pressure,I think of Donnie.He was _ shy,nervous perfectionistnervous perfectionist(完美主完美主完美主完美主义义者者者者).).thea考查语法点考查语法点:定冠词定冠词,不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析aa a无提示无提示词1.The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _most modern of architects and engineers.2.Now years later,this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.3.The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,other is with mum.4.Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _while.5.Janes grandmother had wanted to write a childrens book for many years，but one thing or another always got in_way.高考真高考真题 the theaa下列情况很可能填下列情况很可能填 ：(1)_+可数可数n.(单数数)；(2)_+形容形容词+可数可数n.(单数数)。下列情况下很可能填下列情况下很可能填 ：(1)_(+形容形容词)+n.+of等介等介词短短语 (表示特指表示特指)；(2)_(+形容形容词)+n.+定定语从句从句(表示特指表示特指)；(3)_(+形容形容词)+n.+不定式短不定式短语或分或分词短短语 (表示特指表示特指)考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析不定冠不定冠词定冠定冠词解题技巧解题技巧考点二：考点二：介词介词(1)(1)介词介词+宾语（名词）宾语（名词）(2)(2)不及物动词不及物动词+介词介词+宾语宾语1.In short,I believe that it is _ great use to keep 1.In short,I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in Englisha dairy in English2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I 2.When I took the money from her grandparents,I looked back _the girl,who was giving me the looked back _the girl,who was giving me the most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.most optimistic,largest smile I had ever seen.3.She found some good quality pipes3.She found some good quality pipes_ _ sale.sale.4.He was very tired 4.He was very tired _doing this for a whole doing this for a whole dayday ofofatat考查语法点考查语法点:介词的基本用法及惯用搭配介词的基本用法及惯用搭配考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析ononfromfrom无提示无提示词：注意固定搭配注意固定搭配be tired from be tired from 因因因因 厌厌倦倦倦倦1.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback_mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,2.Mostofusaremorefocused_ourtasksinthemorning.3.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat_theirhands.4.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonlyanhouraway_car.5.Igotaplacenext_thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.6._thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.toon with by to At 高考真高考真题当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。解题技巧解题技巧考点三：考点三：代词代词(1)(1)作主作主语用主格，作用主格，作宾语用用宾格格,注意注意形容形容词词性性和和名名词性物主代性物主代词的区的区别。(2)(2)指示代指示代词,不定代不定代词、反身代、反身代词等等考查语法点考查语法点:代词的基本用法代词的基本用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析1.She remembered how difficult 1.She remembered how difficult _was to choose a was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.suitable Christmas present for her father.2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my 2.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old friends in my village,I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _.woman for the trouble I had caused _.3.It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has 3.It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has made _ want to say it again:a smilemade _ want to say it again:a smile itherhermeme无提示无提示词1.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_(it)mother.2.IdbeenathomeinHongKong,with_(it)chokingsmog.3.Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!Its_(I).”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.its its me 高考真高考真题 无提示无提示词：代：代词在句子中作在句子中作主主语或或宾语时，通常填，通常填代代词，包括，包括1.人称代人称代词(I/me/you/he/him等等)、2.指示代指示代词(it/this等等)、3.不定代不定代词(something/anything等等)、4.名名词性物主代性物主代词(mine/yours/his/hers等等)、5.疑疑问代代词(which/who等等)、6.反身代反身代词(不能作主不能作主语)(myself/yourself等等)在在名名词前作定前作定语就就只能用形容只能用形容词性物主代性物主代词(my/your/his/her等等)。考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析解题技巧解题技巧考点四：连词或考点四：连词或从句引导词从句引导词两个主谓结构连接两个主谓结构连接 1.Historically,it was famous for industry,which Historically,it was famous for industry,which explains_the area is called the Black Country.explains_the area is called the Black Country.2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,2.It got its name during the industrial revolution,_ factory pollution turned the local skies black _ factory pollution turned the local skies black and local dust from the mines made the soil the same and local dust from the mines made the soil the same color.color.3.Jane paused in front of a counter(3.Jane paused in front of a counter(柜台柜台柜台柜台)_ some)_ some attractive ties were on display.attractive ties were on display.4.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would 4.One day,he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up(pluck up(拔起拔起拔起拔起)all of his crop a few inches.)all of his crop a few inches.whywhywhenwhen考查语法点考查语法点:各类复合句中连词各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法引导词的用法考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析wherewherethatthat无提示无提示词连词和引和引导词高考真高考真题1.(2016全国全国I)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_I was the first Western TV reporter.2.(2016全国全国)Over time,_the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.3.(2016全国)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,_livedfromroughly551to479B.C.4.(2015全国I)IdskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver_arepicturedbyartists.5.(2015全国II)Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.whenwhen/as whowhich/thathow6.(2014全国I)Maybeyouhaveahabit_isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.7.(2016江苏）Many young people,most of_werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.8.(2016江江苏)It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope._ is often the case,anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.which/thatthatwhomAs9.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,_someofthemlookedveryanxious.10.Butriverwasntchangedinafewdays_evenafewmonths.11.InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called“ricebowl”culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,_Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.andorand解解题技巧技巧考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析解题技巧解题技巧并列句和复合句并列句和复合句并列句：并列句：简单句句并列并列连词简单句句复合句：复合句：主句（主主句（主谓宾）从句从句（连接接词主主谓）两个或几个两个或几个简单句之句之间若不用句号或若不用句号或分号，就分号，就必必须要用要用连词，否，否则，句子，句子的的结构就不完整。构就不完整。考点五：谓考点五：谓语动词语动词 有提示词有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构与主语构成主谓结构1.I was certain she would like it because I _ 1.I was certain she would like it because I _(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.(tell)by my classmates that she loved hot food.(2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from 2.His fear of failure _(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.joyous abandon.3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often 3.Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result)in the contrary to our intention._(result)in the contrary to our intention.was told was told keptkept考查语法点考查语法点:谓语动词的时态及语态谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致及主谓一致考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析resultsresults1.Itwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase.I_(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimals.2.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_(be)oftenacceptable.3.Whateveritis,_(make)sureitsarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.4.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand_(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.5.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.高考真高考真题 was allowedwas allowed isis makemake waswas be madebe made6.ItwasraininglightlywhenI_(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.7.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,itsonlyanhourawaybycar.Yangshuo_(be)reallybeautiful.8.Thiscycle_(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenight.9.In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It_(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.10.Aboyonabike_(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.高考真高考真题 arrivedarrived isis goesgoes waswas caughtcaught当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑_、_、_、_等四个方面。【确定【确定时态的的3条依据】条依据】(1)依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的空格要填的动词时态一般一般应与上下文的与上下文的时态一致。一致。这是高考是高考语法填空中确定法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据的最重要的依据。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2)依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。(3)依据时间状语。如recently,sofar,uptonow,uptothepresent,inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用；bytheendof,since1980,forthreeyears常与完成时连用。提示：尽管课标或考纲中列出了10种时态，一般一般现在在时和一般和一般过去去时两种时态考查的多一些。解题技巧解题技巧时态、时态、语态、语态、语气、语气、主谓一致主谓一致考点六：非谓考点六：非谓语动词语动词 有提示词有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式除谓语动词以外的动词形式1.We must also consider the reaction of the person 1.We must also consider the reaction of the person _(receive)the gift._(receive)the gift.2.2.I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _(complete)the rest!_(complete)the rest!3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored 3.My pupils,Donnie 40_(include),adored her.her.4.Before the waitress could even finish describing the 4.Before the waitress could even finish describing the menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(menu,my friend looked at me with his eyebrows(眉眉眉眉毛毛毛毛)(raise(raise).).receivingreceivingto completeto completeincludedincluded考查语法点考查语法点:非谓语动词及变形的使用非谓语动词及变形的使用 考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析raisedraised非谓语高考真题单句填空1.(2016全国I)IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter_(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.2.(2016全国I)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude_(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengdu.3.(2016全国II)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,youllbelesslikely_(bring)yourworkhome.4.(2016全国)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_(create)specialdesigns.5.(2016全国)Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,_(use)twigs(树枝)toremoveit.permittedintroducingto bringto createusing6.(2015全国I)Astudyoftravelers_(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.7.(2015全国I)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople_(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.8.(2015全国II)Theadobedwellings(土坯房）_(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.9.(2015全国II)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout_（use）electricequipment.conductedlivingbuiltusing当句中已有已有谓语动词，横线前又没有没有并列并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing,done,todo)。解题技巧解题技巧考点七：考点七：词性转换词性转换 有提示词有提示词 介词介词,冠词冠词,所有格后接名词所有格后接名词,形容词修形容词修饰名词饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said 36_(rude).2.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _ 2.As far as I am concerned,my 37 _(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook(suggest)is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.and a Chinese-English within easy reach.3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in 3.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _(nature)course.their _(nature)course.4._(doubt),although there is still room 4._(doubt),although there is still room for improvement to this policy,I think it is still a for improvement to this policy,I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.students and the nation.rudelyrudelysuggestionsuggestion考查语法点考查语法点:各类词性的正确使用及转化各类词性的正确使用及转化考点分析考点分析考点分析考点分析naturalnaturalUndoubtedlyUndoubtedly1.Thetitlewillbe_(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.2.Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks_(regular).3.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich_(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.4.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit_(regular)arrangesquickgetaways.5.As_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.6.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat_（slow）duringcoolnights.officiallyofficially regularlyregularly graduallygradually regularlyregularly naturalnatural slowlyslowly7.TheriverwassopollutedthatI_(actual)caughtfireandburned.8.Whilethereare_(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthechangesaregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe_(patience).9.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand_(disappoint).10.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers_(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.actuallyactually amazingamazing patientpatient disappointeddisappointed suddenlysuddenly 当空格当空格处所需所需词类与括号中所与括号中所给词的的词类不同不同时,就需要就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下一般可根据以下5 5点点顺利解决：利解决：（1 1）作主）作主语或或宾语用用_形式。形式。（2 2）在形容）在形容词性物主代性物主代词、冠、冠词(+(+形容形容词)、不定代、不定代词(some,any,a lot of(some,any,a lot of等等)、介、介词后后还没有名没有名词时，就用就用_形式。形式。（3 3）作定）作定语、表、表语或或补足足语用用_形式。形式。（4 4）作状）作状语，修，修饰动词、形容、形容词或另一副或另一副词，或放在，或放在句首修句首修饰全句，用全句，用_。（5 5）当所）当所给词的的词性与空格性与空格处所需所需词的的词性相同性相同时，无需改无需改变词性，而可能是只改性，而可能是只改变词义但不改但不改变词性的性的前前缀或后或后缀，也可能用其，也可能用其比比较级或最高或最高级。解题技巧解题技巧名名词名名词形容形容词副副词考点归纳考点归纳 在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转从近两年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换仅考查了以下换仅考查了以下3点：点：(1)形容词形容词副词。副词。(2)形容词形容词名词。名词。(3)名词名词形容词。形容词。考点八：考点八：形容词副形容词副词的级词的级 有提示词有提示词通常，有表示范围的通常，有表示范围的in/ofin/of介词短语或介词短语或形容词前有形容词前有thethe时，一般要用最高级；时，一般要用最高级；thanthan的前面一定要用比较级的前面一定要用比较级1.One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever One of the 33_(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher made was for my high school English teacher 2.2.We were both laughing the whole time at our We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in plete inability to communicate in words.When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using