高中英语句子成分和词性类型课件.ppt

词类词类名词名词代词代词形容词形容词副词副词动词动词数词数词连词连词介词介词冠词冠词感叹词感叹词China;pencil;salt;powerthey;itself;that;who;anybeautiful;round;excitingquite;luckily;almost;verybuy;die;have;will;must;beone;first;ten;tenthand;but;while;because;afterat;in;with;by;on;for;ofan;a;theOh;ouch;aha词类词类短语短语句句子子成成分分主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语表语表语补补语语定语定语状语状语同同位语位语独立成独立成分分修饰修饰成分成分句句子子按按结结构构简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句按按功功能能陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句基基本本句句型型(get up;so that;look for)词类（10个）v名词：人名名词：人名Mike地名地名America动物名动物名pig植物名植物名treev抽象名词抽象名词idea(主意主意)knowledge(知识知识)v代词：（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词）代词：（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词）v动词：动词：walkthinkamisarev形容词：修饰名词形容词：修饰名词高矮胖瘦白富美高矮胖瘦白富美v副词：修饰动词副词：修饰动词v介词介词:名词的名词的“好哥们好哥们”;atbyinon“四大要犯四大要犯”v连词：连接单词短语句子；连词：连接单词短语句子；v不单独使用不单独使用and、but、or、so、if、whenv数词：基数词，序数词数词：基数词，序数词v冠词：定冠词冠词：定冠词the不定冠词不定冠词aan;不单独使用不单独使用;v与名词搭配与名词搭配v感叹词感叹词：oh!Ah!well!根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类：根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词类：1deep2.finger3.fly4.papers5.pass6refuse7.size8.spoon9.delicious10.thick11.town12.map13.myself14.and15.on16sheep17ship18mine19important20an21catch22first23laugh24third25leave26here27fly28home29round30sing31blind32but33eighth34about35bad36yours37child38against39ah40with41cinema42Tuesday43cheap44advice45two46they47able48for49say50quickly51if 52.whether根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。根据常见的后缀辨别下列单词的词性。1scientist2singer3conversation4beautiful5loudly6famous7government8dangerous9instruction10careful11lively12safeties13national14traditional15illnesses16wonderful17competitions18station19successful20natural21illnesses22lovely23really24friendly25usually26yearly27advertisement句子成分的分析句子成分的分析（7个）个）英语的基本成分有六种：英语的基本成分有六种：主语（主语（subject）-S谓语（谓语（predicate）-V宾语（宾语（object）-O表语（表语（predicative）-P定语（定语（attribute）-Attri.状语状语(adverbial)-Adv.补语（补语（objectcomplement）-oc主语 谓语 宾语v观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语主语”、“谓语谓语”、“宾语宾语”吗吗?v因此这是个典型的因此这是个典型的“主谓宾主谓宾”句型。句型。Ibeat you.主语主语 谓语谓语宾语宾语SVOIteachyouEnglish.Youarebeaten.主语是动作的发出者主语是动作的发出者或承受或承受者。者。Wearegoodfriends.WhatIwanttodoisjointheparty.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.名词、代词名词、代词从句或非谓语从句或非谓语动词动词我们再想一想什么是谓语(Predicate)v谓语谓语表示一个动作、行为，是由表示一个动作、行为，是由动词动词充当的。充当的。IteachyouEnglish.v一个句子能不能没有谓语？一个句子能不能没有谓语？谓语谓语不能不能宾语宾语(Object)又是什么？又是什么？动词宾语：动词宾语：Iloveyou.介词宾语：介词宾语：Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou.Hetoldmethathefeltlonely.Helikesswimming.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语一般由名词、代词充当。也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。及物动词及物动词vt.介宾介宾定语(Attributive):v定语的作用？定语的作用？用于修饰、限定名词或代词。用于修饰、限定名词或代词。v定语一般由？充当。定语一般由？充当。girlv定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。apencilbox形容词形容词形容词形容词 beautifulaPractice:aninterestingbookThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.ameetingtoattendThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf从句从句非谓语动词非谓语动词副词（词组副词（词组)介词（词组）介词（词组）状语(Adverbial)v状语是用于修饰副词、形容词、动词或句子的成分。状语是用于修饰副词、形容词、动词或句子的成分。v状语一般由副词充当。状语一般由副词充当。Thoseproblemsareprettyhard.Theymanagedtofinishthejob,beforeMonday.Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingthesunset.Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.介词词组介词词组（现在分词词组）（现在分词词组）（时间状语从句）（时间状语从句）补语(Complement)vHemadehissistercry.vHissisterwasmadetocry.v补语是用于补充说明主语或补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语宾语的身份或特征。的身份或特征。v补语一般由名词或形容词充当。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。Dontleavemealone.(OC)主语补语主语补语宾语补足语宾语补足语Practice:EveryonecallshimJack.HeiscalledJack.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.(prep.)Isawhimrushingintotheclassroom.表语(Complement)Timeisup.(adv.)Theyareintheclassroom.(prep.)Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother.1）持续系动词：持续系动词：keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand2）表像系动词：表像系动词：用用来表示来表示“看起来像看起来像”seem,appear,look3）感官系动词：感官系动词：feel,smell,sound,taste4）变化系动词：变化系动词：become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run5）终止系动词：终止系动词：证实证实，变成变成prove,turnoutTherumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.同位语(Appositive)v同位语是位于名词或代词后面，重复指代同一事物。同位语是位于名词或代词后面，重复指代同一事物。v同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.v名词性从句也可以充当同位语名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）（修饰抽象名词为多）Thenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.插入语的还可以是不定式、现在分词、介词短语、形容词、副词或从句。1.To be frank,I dont agree with you.2.Strictly speaking,you are wrong.3.This,in my opinion,is only a simple question.4.By the way,where is Xiao Li.5.Sure enough,enemy planes came again the next day.6.Honestly,I dont need it at the moment.7.You are not quite fit for this kind of work,if I may say so.英语句子的基本结构（英语句子的基本结构（5个）个）v1.S+V(主主+谓谓)v2.S+V+P（主（主+系系+表）表）v3.S+V+O（主（主+谓谓+宾）宾）v4.S+V+o+O（主（主+谓谓+间宾间宾+直宾）直宾）v5.S+V+O+OC（主（主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补）宾补）判断下列各句句子的基本句型1.Mr Black is English.2.The teacher taught us some grammar rules.3.The farmer dug up the soil.4.She found her ring lost.5.She left her job unfinished.SVIODOSVOSVOCSVOCSVP6.The great poet lived in the 18th century.7.She introduced her friends to us.8.The tape-recorder is on the desk.9.The guests have just arrived.10.She laid the baby on the bed.练习练习（一）（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.v2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.v3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.v4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!v5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.主定语宾语宾语谓语谓语状语状语定语定语状语状语v6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.v7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.v8.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.v9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.v10.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.v11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.v12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.定语定语表语表语宾语宾语主语主语谓语谓语目的状语目的状语宾语宾语形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语表语表语宾语宾语(二二)。划分。划分句子成分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow？5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.Iveorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.AprilDayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedtome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.三种句子三种句子简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句简单句的基本词序简单句的基本词序主语主语动词部分动词部分宾语宾语 状语状语（谓语）（谓语）方式方式 地点地点 时间时间Iboughta hat yesterday.The children ran home.The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.We ate our meal in silence.The car stopped suddenly.A young girl walked confidently in the room.They drove him away in a police car.并并列列句句需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用或把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。起来，这种结构即构成一个并列句。用分号：用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.用分号，后跟一个连接副词：用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.用并列连词（如用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等）等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing.Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。He was tired,so he went to bed.1.He was tired.He went to bed.3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.复合句复合句是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两是在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型起形容词、名词、副词的作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：从句：1.主语从句主语从句 2.宾语从句宾语从句3.表语从句表语从句 4.定语从句定语从句5.状语从句状语从句 6.同位语从句同位语从句 英文写作中最常使用的从句英文写作中最常使用的从句1.宾语从句宾语从句2.状语从句状语从句 3.定语从句定语从句Bye