考研英语小作文1.ppt
考研英语写作之应用文攻略考研英语写作之应用文攻略0909考研暑期复习之备战英语写作考研暑期复习之备战英语写作 应用文写作应用文写作l l一、书信类八大模板复习及便笺写作一、书信类八大模板复习及便笺写作l l二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:1.备忘录备忘录(Memorandum)2.摘要摘要(Abstract)3.报告报告(Report)一、书信类八大模板复习一、书信类八大模板复习:1.1.投诉信投诉信 2.2.询问信询问信 3.3.请求信请求信 4.4.道歉信道歉信 5.5.感谢信感谢信 6.6.建议信建议信 7.7.求职信求职信 8.8.邀请信邀请信9.9.便笺写作便笺写作1.投诉信投诉信 Dear_,Iam.(自我介绍自我介绍)IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintabout_.Thereasonformydissatisfactionis_(总体介绍总体介绍).Inthefirstplace,_(抱怨的第一个方面抱怨的第一个方面).Inaddition,_(抱怨的第二个方面抱怨的第二个方面).Underthesecircumstances,Ifindit_(感感觉觉)to_(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果抱怨的方面给你带来的后果)Iappreciateitverymuchifyoucould_(提出建议提出建议和请求和请求),preferably_(进一步的进一步的要求要求),andIwouldliketohavethismattersettledby_(设定解决事情最后期限设定解决事情最后期限).ThankyouforyourconsiderationandIwillbelookingforwardtoyourreply.Yourssincerely,LiMing2.询问信询问信Dear_,Iam_(自我自我介绍介绍).Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationregarding_.(要询问的内容要询问的内容)Firstofall,whatare_?(第一个问题第一个问题)Secondly,whenwill_?(第二第二个问题个问题)Thirdly,is_?(第三个第三个问题问题)Iwouldalsoliketoinquire_(将最重要的问题将最重要的问题单独成段单独成段).Couldyoubesokindastosendmesomerelevantbookletsontheabove-mentionedaspects?Thankyouforyoukindness,andyourpromptattentiontothisletterwillbehighlyappreciated.Yourssincerely,LiMing3.请求信请求信Dear_,Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto_(请求的内容请求的内容)Thereasonfor_isthat_(给出原因)(给出原因).I_,soI_(给出细节给出细节)Iwouldalsoliketorequest_(提出进一步的要求提出进一步的要求).IamsorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecausedThankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,donothesitatetocontactmeat_(电话电话号码号码).Ilookforwardtoafavorablereply.Yourssincerely,LiMing4.道歉信道歉信Dear_,Iamtrulysorrythat_(道歉的原因道歉的原因).Thereasonisthat_(介绍原因介绍原因)Onceagain,Iamsorryforanyinconveniencecaused.Hopeyoucanacceptmyapologiesandunderstandmysituation.Yourssincerely,LiMing5.感谢信感谢信Dear_,Iamwritingtoextendmysinceregratitudefor_(感谢的原因感谢的原因).Ifithadnotbeenforyourassistancein_(对方给你的具体帮助对方给你的具体帮助),IfearthatIwouldhavebeen_(没有对方帮没有对方帮助时的后果助时的后果).Everyoneagreesthatitwasyouwho_(给出细给出细节节).Again,Iwouldliketoexpressmywarmthankstoyou!Pleaseacceptmygratitude.Yourssincerely,LiMing6.建议信建议信 Dear_,Youhaveaskedmeformyadvicewithregardto_,andIwilltrytomakesomeconductivesuggestionshere.Inmyhumbleopinion,youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingactions:_(建议的内容建议的内容)Ihopeyouwillfindtheseproposalsuseful,andIwouldbereadytodiscussthismatterwithyoutofurtherdetails.GoodLuckwithyour_(祝愿祝愿)Yourssincerely,LiMing7.求职信求职信DearSirorMadam,Iwritethislettertoapplyforthepositionthatyouhaveadvertisedin_(报纸名称报纸名称)of_(广告发布时间广告发布时间).NotonlydoIhavethequalificationsforthisjob,butIalsohavetherightpersonalityfora_(工作名称工作名称).Intheonehand,_(第一个原因第一个原因).Ontheotherhand,_(另一个原因另一个原因).Shouldyougrantmeapersonalinterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Ifyouneedtoknowmoreaboutme,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeatanytimeat_(电话号码电话号码)Thankyouforconsideringmyapplication,andIamlookingforwardtomeetingyou.Yourssincerely,LiMing8.邀请信邀请信Dear_,Dear_,Therewilla_(Therewilla_(内容内容内容内容)at/in_()at/in_(地点地点地点地点)on_(on_(时间时间时间时间).Wewouldbehonoredtohave).Wewouldbehonoredtohaveyoutherewithus.youtherewithus.Theoccasionwillstartat_(Theoccasionwillstartat_(具体时间具体时间具体时间具体时间).).Thiswillbefollowedbya_(Thiswillbefollowedbya_(进一步的安排进一步的安排进一步的安排进一步的安排).Ataround_().Ataround_(时间时间时间时间),_(_(另一个安排另一个安排另一个安排另一个安排)Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.RSVPbeforeIreallyhopeyoucanmakeit.RSVPbefore_(_(通知你的最后期限通知你的最后期限通知你的最后期限通知你的最后期限)Yourssincerely,Yourssincerely,LiMingLiMing9.9.便笺写作便笺写作l便笺,即便条,与书信大致相似,但区别便笺,即便条,与书信大致相似,但区别有三:有三:l1.1.便笺较随便,因此语气通常更轻松,格便笺较随便,因此语气通常更轻松,格式和语言都是如此。式和语言都是如此。l2.2.通常便笺较短,这意味着须略去冗余信通常便笺较短,这意味着须略去冗余信息。便笺应言简意赅。息。便笺应言简意赅。l3.3.便笺更具个性化:更接近口语,如有必便笺更具个性化:更接近口语,如有必要,语言可以更直接,可使用行话。要,语言可以更直接,可使用行话。Directions:Oneofyourprofessorsannouncesinclassherequiresaresearchassistantduringthesummer.Whileyouareunabletotakethejob,yourgoodfriendAlexwouldbeperfectforit.Writehimanotepersuadinghimtogofortheinterview.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenote.Use“LiMing”instead.DearAlex,IwasinmybiologyclassyesterdayandProf.JonesmadeanannouncementthatIthinkmightinterestyou.Heislookingforaresearchassistantforthesummersemestertohelphimwithanimportantproject.Ithinkyouwouldbeperfectforthejob.Iknowyouarelookingforworkrightnow,andthisreallywouldbetheidealjobforyou.Prof.JonesisanexcellentprofessorandIthinkyouwillbefascinatedbyhisresearch.Inaddition,itwillbeagreatjobtoputonyourresume.Ifyouwanthiscontactinformation,letmeknowandIwillgiveittoyou.Yoursincerely,LiMing二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:.备忘录备忘录(Memorandum)l l备忘录即办公室便笺备忘录即办公室便笺(interofficeMemorandum,简称,简称Memo),是当今商务机,是当今商务机构中使用最多的文件。与信函不同,便笺主构中使用最多的文件。与信函不同,便笺主要用于机关或公司内部,故不用地址,不需要用于机关或公司内部,故不用地址,不需要信末礼节性的结束语。要信末礼节性的结束语。l l备忘录的构成:备忘录的构成:1)收阅人收阅人(To):一般不需加:一般不需加Mr.,Miss,Dr等称呼,如收阅人职务高,正式场合通常要等称呼,如收阅人职务高,正式场合通常要加上如加上如(Vice)President一类的称呼。如收阅一类的称呼。如收阅人多,可采用:人多,可采用:To:PublicationCommittee/To:SeeBelow(把收阅人名字列在便笺末尾把收阅人名字列在便笺末尾)2)撰写人撰写人(From):一般不加头衔,如果公:一般不加头衔,如果公司人员多,可注明撰写人所在的部门。如:司人员多,可注明撰写人所在的部门。如:From:PaulaC.Salle,CustomerRelations.3)日期:注明定函的具体时间日期:注明定函的具体时间(年、月、日年、月、日)。4)事由:通常用名词词组表示。告诉读者此事由:通常用名词词组表示。告诉读者此文件的主要内容。文件的主要内容。5)文档编号:可有可无。文档编号:可有可无。6)正文正文(Body):该项与信件的正文类似,如:该项与信件的正文类似,如收阅人只有一个,可在正文前加上收阅人只有一个,可在正文前加上“Dear”。如不只一个则不加。如不只一个则不加。7)签名:亲笔署上自己的全名。签名:亲笔署上自己的全名。l l注:一般备忘录,只要把注:一般备忘录,只要把收件人、发件人、收件人、发件人、日期和主题日期和主题表示出来即可。表示出来即可。l l写备忘录,第一句就交待写备忘录的目的写备忘录,第一句就交待写备忘录的目的回复对方备忘录时要标明对方备忘录的时回复对方备忘录时要标明对方备忘录的时间。要着重于重要论点,间。要着重于重要论点,简明扼要简明扼要,每件,每件事情另起一段。力求事情另起一段。力求准确准确,不能歧义。备,不能歧义。备忘录最后要用一句概括的话强调收件人对忘录最后要用一句概括的话强调收件人对备忘录的内容尽快做出反应。备忘录的内容尽快做出反应。预测练习及范文预测练习及范文Directions:Writeamemorandumofabout100wordstothestudentservicedepartmentandaskthemtofixatelephoneforeachdormitory.YourMemoshouldinclude:(1)Yourpurpose.(2)Thereasons.(3)Yoursincerehope.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthememo.Use“LiMing”instead.Date:Aug.13,2007To:TheleaderofstudentservicedepartmentFrom:LiMingSubject:TelephoneIwouldliketoremindyouthatweareinneedofatelephoneforeachdormitory.Asuniversitystudents,weneedtocopewiththedailyincreasingcommunicationswithteachers,friendsandpeopleoutsidethecampus.Weneedatelephonetogetandsendmessage,whichisimportantforus.Thoughmostofushavemobilephonesande-mailaddress,atelephoneinthedormitoryisafterallthemostconvenientandcheapesttoolofcommunication.Ihopethatyouwillpayattentiontothisproblemandsolveitassoonaspossible.预测练习及范文预测练习及范文Directions:You,thedirectorofthePersonnelDepartment,plantorecruitseveralnewstafftomeettheneedsoftherapidexpansionofthecompany.Writeamemototherelevantdepartmentsthatareingreatneedofnewhands.Youshouldwriteabout100words.Date:Aug.8th,2007Date:Aug.8th,2007To:RelevantDepartmentsTo:RelevantDepartmentsFrom:DirectorofthePersonnelDepartmentFrom:DirectorofthePersonnelDepartmentSubject:RecruitmentofnewstaffSubject:RecruitmentofnewstaffTomeettheneedsoftherapidexpansionoftheTomeettheneedsoftherapidexpansionofthecompany,pany,weplantorecruitseveralnewstaff.SpecificallythenumberstoberecruitedforrelevantSpecificallythenumberstoberecruitedforrelevantdepartmentsareasfollows:departmentsareasfollows:SalesDepartment-2salesclerks.SalesDepartment-2salesclerks.R&DDepartment-3designers.R&DDepartment-3designers.FinanceDepartment-2assistantaccountants.FinanceDepartment-2assistantaccountants.SafetyProductionDepartment-2qualitySafetyProductionDepartment-2qualityinspectors.inspectors.PleasereadtheinstructioncarefullyandpreparethePleasereadtheinstructioncarefullyandpreparethetrainingcoursesinadvance.trainingcoursesinadvance.备忘录常用句型备忘录常用句型1.1.Ihaveseveralproposalsforcuttingdownonofficestaff.2.2.Inresponsetoyour,Ihavetoinformyouthat.3.3.ThisisfurthertoyourmemodatedApril18,2008,inwhichyouproposedthatemployeesadoptthe“punch-in”system(打打孔考勤孔考勤).4.4.Ibelievethesechangeswillresultingreaterworkefficiency.5.Pleaseletmeknowyourreactionstothesesuggestions.6.Ifyouneedadditionalinformationontheabove,donothesitatetocontactme.7.Yourconsiderationofthesesuggestionswouldbeappreciated.备忘录常用句型备忘录常用句型二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:2.摘要摘要(Abstract)l l把一篇文章的要点摘录出来,独立成一篇短把一篇文章的要点摘录出来,独立成一篇短文,叫做摘要。摘要必须简明扼要,用词精文,叫做摘要。摘要必须简明扼要,用词精确,同时要求对原文内容不加任何解释和评确,同时要求对原文内容不加任何解释和评论,忠实地写出原文作者的中心意思。论,忠实地写出原文作者的中心意思。l l摘要写作程序:摘要写作程序:1)1)仔细阅读,抓住文章大意。仔细阅读,抓住文章大意。2)2)先为摘要拟定个题目,用一个词或短语点出先为摘要拟定个题目,用一个词或短语点出原文的中心思想,该词原文的中心思想,该词(或短语或短语)可就在原文可就在原文中找出。中找出。3)3)在原文中找出与中心思想关系最密切的部在原文中找出与中心思想关系最密切的部分,作为写摘要的材料;关系不大的地方分,作为写摘要的材料;关系不大的地方可不予考虑。可不予考虑。4)4)阅读中还需要做些简单的笔记,把有用的阅读中还需要做些简单的笔记,把有用的词汇、内容和数据抄在一张纸上备用。词汇、内容和数据抄在一张纸上备用。l l写作:写作:1)1)摘要摘要长度不超过原文的三分之一长度不超过原文的三分之一。2)2)用自己的语言来写用自己的语言来写摘要。摘要。3)3)按原文的顺序按原文的顺序写。如果不是特殊情况写。如果不是特殊情况(如倒如倒叙叙),不要随便更改原文的顺序。,不要随便更改原文的顺序。4)4)摘要应内容完整且无大的遗漏摘要应内容完整且无大的遗漏5)5)写摘要是项压缩文字的练习。要做以下工写摘要是项压缩文字的练习。要做以下工作:作:-删除细节:只取要点,解释要点的细节删除细节:只取要点,解释要点的细节删去。删去。-削减例子:原文如有五六个例子,摘要削减例子:原文如有五六个例子,摘要中可只留用一两个,其余省去。中可只留用一两个,其余省去。-简化描述:原文中有十个句子描述一个简化描述:原文中有十个句子描述一个人或一件事,摘要中保留一两句的意思即人或一件事,摘要中保留一两句的意思即可。可。-避免重复:摘要里重复是不必要的。避免重复:摘要里重复是不必要的。l l修改修改写完摘要要仔细修改。首先要对照原文,写完摘要要仔细修改。首先要对照原文,检查是否漏掉重要的内容;其次,看摘要检查是否漏掉重要的内容;其次,看摘要长度是否超出字数限制,若超出,需对其长度是否超出字数限制,若超出,需对其进一步压缩;最后,认真检查标点、拼写进一步压缩;最后,认真检查标点、拼写和语法,保证准确无误。和语法,保证准确无误。文章摘要范文文章摘要范文(原文略原文略)AbstractofArticleThreedecadesagotherewasonlytheGobidesertinJiayuguanbutnowithasamassiveJiuquanIronandSteelComplex.Unfortunately,11peoplediedbecauseofthecruelnaturalconditionsbeforerichnaturalresourceswereexplored.Therehasbeenagreatfort,servedasaguardtotheGreatWallwheresoldierscouldmakesureotherssafetybystrikingastone.Besidesitisthefortbestprotectedandonecanhaveagoodlookatthedesertbyclimbingthenortherntower.l l摘要写作要点回顾:在保持原文的目的、摘要写作要点回顾:在保持原文的目的、情节和思想的基础上,压缩文章的内容,情节和思想的基础上,压缩文章的内容,使其篇幅简短,内容明确,主题突出。使其篇幅简短,内容明确,主题突出。l l常用句型:常用句型:1)1)Thisarticlefocusesonthetopicof2)2)Thepurposeofthisarticleistodeterminesomething3)3)Thisthesisdiscusses/dealswith/analyzes/providesanoverviewof/elaborateson二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:二、考纲要求的其他类型的应用文:3.报告报告(Report)l l报告是下级部门用书面形式向上级部门或报告是下级部门用书面形式向上级部门或上级领导汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议上级领导汇报工作、反映情况、提出建议等使用的上行公文。一般由秘书书写报告。等使用的上行公文。一般由秘书书写报告。l l写报告注意问题:写报告注意问题:1)写好报告的前提是写好报告的前提是对所要写的内容有充分对所要写的内容有充分的了解的了解。事情的前因后果是否清楚、资料。事情的前因后果是否清楚、资料是否准确直接关系到报告的质量。是否准确直接关系到报告的质量。2)英文报告英文报告格式与备忘录相似格式与备忘录相似,先写日期、,先写日期、收件人、发件人和主题,然后是正文部分,收件人、发件人和主题,然后是正文部分,但报告的日期须置于右上方但报告的日期须置于右上方。报告的常考类型及注意事项l l1)请示报告请示报告(ReportforInstructions):下级:下级部门因某项工作、某件事情提请上级部门部门因某项工作、某件事情提请上级部门指示审核批准的书面材料。指示审核批准的书面材料。l l注意事项:注意事项:a.称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。或职务。b.正文内写清请示的问题、目的及要求。正文内写清请示的问题、目的及要求。c.内容较多时可分几段来写。内容较多时可分几段来写。请示报告预测练习及范文请示报告预测练习及范文Directions:You are preparing a field report,please write it in about 100 words with such items as following:the current situation of the Language Labsyour reason and suggestionDate:July23,2004To:Mr.Adams,Vice-presidentofPrinceUniversityFrom:Mr.Steve,DeanofForeignLanguageDept.Subject:Purchasing10setsoflisteningequipmentsAccordingtothenoticefromtheEquipmentDivisiondatedMay8,2004,wehaveinspectedalllanguagelabsandfoundthattheamountofthelabscannotmeettheincreaseinthenumberofstudents,becausewehaverecruited500freshmenin2003andwillrecruit800thisyear.Inparticular,wewillrecruitEnglishmajorsthisyear,butthepresentequipmentsareunsatisfactorytothem.Besides,someoftheequipmentsareveryoldandoutofdate.Therefore,thepresentsituationofthelabhastobeimprovedimmediately.InordertomeettherequirementsofEnglishteaching,itisherebysuggestedthattensetsoflanguagelabequipmentsshouldbeboughtandissuedtoourdepartment.报告的常考类型及注意事项报告的常考类型及注意事项l l2)工作报告工作报告(ReportonaTask):下级部门向:下级部门向上级领导书面汇报某项工作进展情况的一上级领导书面汇报某项工作进展情况的一种应用文。种应用文。l l注意事项:注意事项:a.称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名称呼一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。或职务。b.内容包括现阶段工作情况、取得的成绩和以内容包括现阶段工作情况、取得的成绩和以后的工作计划。后的工作计划。c.内容较多时可分几段文字来写。内容较多时可分几段文字来写。工作报告预测范文工作报告预测范文Date:September29,2004To:Ms.SunFrom:ZhangLinSubject:TheNationalMiddleSchoolChineseTeachingSeminarOnSaturday,September5,2004,IattendedtheNationalMiddleSchoolChineseTeachingSeminar,heldinBeijing.ThegoaloftheseminarwastopopularizetheteachingmethodofnewlyeditedmiddleschoolChinesetextbook.AlsoinattendancefromourdepartmentwereLiYiandWuDawei.Duringthemeeting,twooftheeditorsexplainedtheprinciplesoftherevisionofthetextbook.Then,atwo-hourclassroomteachingwaspresentedbyDr.WangJian,anotedprofessorfromBeijingUniversity.InDr.Wangspresentation,theprincipleoftherevisionandtheteachingmethodwerewellcombined.Everypresentationweattendedwasbeneficial,especially,Dr.Wangsprogramwasthemostusefulandinformative.Hisinteractiveteachingskillswereexcellent.Therefore,wesuggestthatyousendmoreofmycolleaguestoattendthisseminarinthefuture.报告的常考类型及注意事项报告的常考类型及注意事项l l3)调查报告调查报告(ReportofanInvestigation):根据调:根据调查,客观反映情况的书面报告。它不一定是下查,客观反映情况的书面报告。它不一定是下级向上级递交的材料,它可以是仅仅为了备案级向上级递交的材料,它可以是仅仅为了备案而作的一些调查记录。此类报告应尽量而作的一些调查记录。此类报告应尽量客观客观而而无主观倾向,做到无主观倾向,做到实事求是实事求是。l l注意事项:注意事项:a.如有称呼,则一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的如有称呼,则一般为上级部门的名称或领导人的姓名或职务。姓名或职务。b.客观反映调查情况,应写得详细、具体、明确。客观反映调查情况,应写得详细、具体、明确。c.特别要注明调查进行的时间和成文时间,以备查特别要注明调查进行的时间和成文时间,以备查阅。阅。调查报告预测范文调查报告预测范文Date:March8,2004To:LiXiaohua,DirectorofStudentEmploymentDepartmentFrom:LiuWei,DeanofMaterialScienceDepartmentSubject:ReportonStudentsWillofEmploymentin2004FollowingyournoticeofMarch5,2004weconductedasmallstudyofstudentswillofemployment.Accordingtothestatisticsofthesurvey,thestudentsinourdepartmentexpecttoemploythemselvesmainlyinteaching,businessandengineering.45%ofthestudentswouldliketobecometeacherswhile50%ofthembusinessmenandengineers.Moreover,boysaretosomeextentdifferentfromgirlsintheirchoice.Themoststrikingcontrastisintheoccupationofteaching:45%ofgirlstudentswouldliketobecometeachersaftergraduationwhereasonly5%ofboyswanttodothejob.40%oftheboysliketodomostistobecomeengineersand30%istobebusinessmen.Girlsalsoliketopursuethesetwoprofessions,withapercentageof15%and25%respectivelychoosingthesetwojobs.Wehopeyoucangiveussomeconstructivesuggestionsandhelpfulinformationaboutstudentemployment.报告经典练习与范文报告经典练习与范文Directions:Suppose you are a postgraduate and you find that the conditions of the lab are not satisfactory.Please write a report to your teacher,Prof.Wang.Your report should include:(1)The purpose.(2)Stating your reasons.(3)Your sincere hope.You should write about 100 words.ReportDate:August13,2006To:Prof.WangFrom:LiMingSubject:buyingcomputerandconnectingthenetworkAfterworkingforthepastyear,Ifindthatthepresentconditionofthelabisunsatisfactorytomystudyandwork.Inordertoimprovetheeffectofthestudyandwork,Imakethisreporttobuyanewcomputerandconnectthenetwork.Iwouldliketoreportyouthatthecomputerisnotavailableanylongerbecauseitwasbrokenandanewcomputerisneeded.Ontheotherhand,thereisnonetworkintheofficeandthisbringsalotofdifficultiestomystudyandwork.BecauseitisnotconvenientwhenIwanttosearchforsomeinformationontheInternetandsendorgetmylettersbyE-mail.Ihopethatyouwillpayattentiontothisproblemandsolveitassoonaspossible.