高三英语一轮复习语法讲义：名词性从句分析.docx

高中英语语法讲义：名词性从句分析一、主语从句用法归纳1.主语从句概说主句从句即在主从复合句中用作主语的从句。主语从句通常由连词that、whether、连接代词(which.who等)或连接副词(when, where, why,how等)引导:That he didn't come is a pity. 真遗憾他没有来。Whether he will win is not known. 他是否会赢还不知道。How this happened is not clear 这是怎么发生的还不清楚。When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。What made her angry was not clear.是什么使他哭的还不清楚。【注】以下引导主语从句的what不表示“什么”，而表示"，所.的”What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。What l want to know is this, 我想知道的就是这一点。2. 主语从句与形式主语it有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语丛句移至句末。这分三种情况:(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语代主语从句:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。(2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以使用形式主语代主语从句，也可直接在句首使用主语从句:Whether they will come is a problem. 他们是否会来还是一个问题。It is a problem whether they will come. 他们是否会来还是一个问题。(3)对类似以下这样的以what引导的主语从句，通常不用形式主语，总是主语从句放在句首:What he said was true, 他讲的都是事实。二、宾语从句用法归纳1.宾语从句概说宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if以及连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的词序要用陈述句词序，不能用疑问句词序;我不知道他想要什么。误: I don't know what does he want.正: I don't know what he wants2.宾语从句的引导词(1)用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略:We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。He said (that) he was good at English.他说他擅长英语。I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。(2)用if或whether引导。ii和whether引导宾语从句，不充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”:I don't know if whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。She asked if whether that was enough. 她问那是否够了。I wonder whether if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。(3)用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what,who.whom,which,whose等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序:Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包【注】what引导宾语从句时，有时表示"什么”，有时表示“.所的”。比较:I asked what he needed.你问他需要什么。I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。(4)用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when.how.where.why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序:He knows where thev live. 他知道他们住哪里。Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。3.宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末，I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。4.宾语从句与否定转移当动词think,believe,suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语:I don't think that he will leave. 我认为他不会离开。I don't believe that it is easy. 我相信这不会容易。三、表语从句用法归纳1.表语从句概说表语从句即在主从复合句中用作表语的从句。引导表语从句的词有连词that.whether，连接代词和连接副词以及as if.as though,because等连词:My idea is that we should do it at once 我的想法是我们应该马上做。The question is whether he is honest. 问题是他是否诚实。The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was when l was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。That's why l can't go with you. 那就是我不能同你一起去的原因。It isn't as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。It is because l love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。2.两点重要说明(1)whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用干引导表语从句:because可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since,as,for等也不用于引导表语从句。(2)引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略:The trouble is (that) he is ill.糟糕的是他病了。顺便说一句，引导主语从句thaf通常也不能省略，但若句首使用了形式主语it，真正的的主语从句位干句末时，that有时也可省略。四、名词性从句的时态问题1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或直理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时杰。如:She said that she didn't want to know.她说她不想知道。I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。2.when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句目表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态;但当们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:I don't know when he will come, but when he comes, I'll call you 我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。五、名词性从句的语序问题名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m)whose. which. what 和连接副词 when. where. whv 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如:I don't know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。You have no idea how worried I was! 你不知道我多着急!The problem is who can be sent to replace him. 问题是能派谁去顶替他。Where I spend my summer is no business ofyours.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。六、混淆whatever与no matter what的区别(1)两者的共同点是:均可引导让步状语从句，且可换用。如:Whatever (=No matter what) you sayI believe you.无论你说什么，我都相信你。(2) 两点的不同点是;引导名词性从句时只能用whatever，不能用no matter what。如:她要他做什么，他就做什么。误: He does no matter what she asks him to doE:He does whatever she asks him to do主:whoever与no matter who的区别以及whichever与no matter which的区别也符合以上原则。Whoever(=No matter who) telephones, tell them I'm out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。Whichever(=No matter which) day you come, I'll be pleased to see you.无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。学科网（北京）股份有限公司