高三英语二轮复习外刊时文诺亚方舟精读精练讲义.docx

高三英语外刊时文诺亚方舟精读精练讲义内容摘要A painting of Noah's Ark. The Old Testament tale has not only inspired countless generations of artists, but also more than a century of "scientific" attempts to locate remains of the fabled vessel.阅读理解Questions:1. What's archaeologists' attitude to seek the vessel that survived the biblical deluge? A. It's foolish. B. It's in vain.C. It's meaningful.2. Why Cline quit rebutting the purported biblical evidence that enchants the public?A. Because he shifts focus to expeditions and showing research to people who respect for science.B. Because he knows they don't believe him in any case. C. Because he is no longer young and tired of doing this.结构分析内容解读For more than a century, people have sought the Old Testament vessel that survived the biblical deluge. Archaeologists say its a fools errand. Noahs Ark is among the best known and most captivating of all Old Testament stories: After creating humans, God became so displeased with them that he struck Earth with an all-encompassing flood to wipe them outwith one noteworthy (and seaworthy) exception: the biblical patriarch and his family, accompanied by pairs of each of the planets animals, who rode out the deluge in an enormous wooden vessel. For people who accept the religious text as a historically accurate account of actual events, the hunt for archaeological evidence of the Ark is equally captivating, inspiring some intrepid faithful to comb the slopes of Armenias Mt. Ararat and beyond for traces of the wooden vessel. But searches for the Ark draw everything from exasperation to disdain from academic archaeologists and biblical scholars. “No legitimate archaeologist does this,” says National Geographic Explorer Jodi Magness, an archaeologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, of modern searches for evidence of Noah. “Archaeology is not treasure hunting,” she adds. “Its not about finding a specific object. Its a science where we come up with research questions that we hope to answer by excavation.”  a fool's errand表示“徒劳的事，白费力气的事”，其中 errand表示“（短程的）差事，跑腿”，例如：§ He sent me on a fool's errand. 他派我去干白费力的事。 run an errand for someone 表示“为.跑腿，为.办事”§ Frank drifted into running dodgy errands for a seedy local villain. 弗兰克开始为当地一个下流的恶人跑腿做坏事。 wipe out  表示“摧毁，毁灭，使灭绝”，例如： § The spill could wipe out the Gulf's turtle population. 这次原油泄漏可能会使波斯湾的海龟灭绝。wipe本身也是一个含义丰富的词汇，动词含义表示“擦拭”，例如： § When he had finished washing he began to wipe the basin clean. 他清洗完后开始把洗脸池擦拭干净。名词含义表示“（一次性）湿巾”，例如：§ Non-allergenic wet baby wipes are best for cleaning their sensitive skin. 最好使用防过敏的婴儿湿巾来擦拭婴儿的敏感皮肤。 sth./sb. wipes the smile off someone's face 表示“让.笑容顿失，使.丧失优势”  wipe the state clean 表示“翻开新的一页，重新开始” hunt动词含义为主，可以表示“搜寻，寻找”，例如： § Some new arrivals lose hope even before they start hunting for a job. 有些新来的人甚至没开始找工作就感到绝望了。还可以表示“追踪，追捕（罪犯、敌人）”，例如： Detectives have been hunting him for seven months. 侦探7个月来一直在追捕他。还可以表示“（人）打猎，（动物）猎食” ，例如： § A leopard hunts alone, and an injured leopard cannot hunt. 豹向来单独猎食，所以如果受伤了就无法捕猎。 in the hunt for sth. 表示“（参赛者）仍有机会赢”  explore、track、seek也可以表示“搜索，寻找”，注意区分：hunt：一般指寻找所需的物件，或对罪犯的搜寻，特指追猎。explore：一般指对未知事物或新生事物的探索、观察与研究。track：侧重按一定线索追查出结果。seek：多暗示做出很大努力去寻求某人或某物。Stories of destructive floods and those who survive them predate the Hebrew Bible, the oldest parts of which are thought to have been written in the 8th century B.C. Legends about a deluge that destroys civilization at the behest of a supernatural deity can be found in multiple Mesopotamian texts, from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was written around the early second millennium B.C., to a recently deciphered Babylonian cuneiform tablet from about 1750 B.C. describing how the ark was built. Could these flood myths be based in fact? “There does seem to be geological evidence that there was a major flood in the Black Sea region about 7,500 years ago,” says National Geographic Explorer Eric Cline, an archaeologist at George Washington University. But scientists disagree on the extent of that event, just as historians of the era differ on whether writings about a deluge were inspired by real life. It seems likelier that floods were simply experienced in different places and at different timesand that those events naturally made their way into the worlds oral and written lore. “We have no way of placing Noah, if he really existed, and the flood, if there really was one, in time and space,” says Magness. “The only way you could determine that would be if you had an authentic ancient inscription”and even then, she points out, such an inscription could refer to another Noah, or another flood. That hasnt stopped the proliferation of pseudo archaeology that upholds the Bible as literal truth. The fruitless searches are often aligned with adherents of “young-earth creationism,” the belief that, despite evidence to the contrary, Earth is only thousands of years old. at the behest of 表示“按.的吩咐，遵照.的命令”，例如： § In 1970, at his new wife's behest, they moved to Southampton. 1970年，应他新任妻子的要求，他们搬到了南安普顿。  extent名词，可以表示“程度，地步”，例如： § The government itself has little information on the extent of industrial pollution. 政府本身几乎不了解工业污染的程度。还可以表示“范围，面积，大小”，例如： § Their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests, not their biodiversity. 他们仅承诺维持现有森林面积，并不保证林区生物的多样性。 to the extent of/that 表示“（强调）到.的地步，到.的程度” to what/that extent 表示“到何种/那种程度”  authentic形容词，表示“真正的，真实的，真诚的”，例如： § She has authentic charm whereas most people simply have nice manners. 她散发出真正的魅力，而大多数人只是举止优雅。还可以表示“（仿制品）以假乱真的”，例如： § The copy he made of the painting can pass for an authentic one. 他临摹的画足以乱真。还可以表示“（信息或记述）准确的，可靠的”，例如： § I had obtained the authentic details about the birth of the organization. 我已经掌握了有关该组织诞生的可靠的详细资料。 长难句分析 Legends about a deluge that destroys civilization at the behest of a supernatural deity can be found in multiple Mesopotamian texts, from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which was written around the early second millennium B.C., to a recently deciphered Babylonian cuneiform tablet from about 1750 B.C. describing how the ark was built. 本句主干部分为 Legends can be found in multiple Mesopotamian texts. 接下来填充结构，about a deluge介词短语作后置定语，修饰 legends；that引导同位语从句，对 deluge进行解释说明。from. to.构成的介词短语修饰 Mesopotamian texts，在这里包含时间跨度，交代了  Mesopotamian texts在不同时期的表现形式；which引导的定语从句先行词为 the Epic of Gilgamesh，对其进行修饰限定；describing how the ark was built现在分词作后置定语，修饰 Babylonian cuneiform tablet. Part of the problem, says Cline, is that the public has unrealistic expectations of the discipline of archaeologyand popular media highlights the thrill of the chase instead of the slow accretion of archaeological knowledge. “Were not like Indiana Jones,” he says. “Its a scientific procedure. Its painstaking. But what excites us does not necessarily excite other people.” In his younger years, says Cline, he spent significant time and energy attempting to rebut the purported biblical evidence that enchants the public year after year. Eventually, though, he quitand now focuses his time on both his expeditions and translating his research for those willing to accept the results of the scientific process.“ People are going to believe what they want to believe,” he sighs. That wont change any time soonso in the meantime; hes focused on unearthing an 18th-century B.C. Canaanite palace at Tel Kabri in what is now northern Israel. Following a pandemic-related pause on fieldwork, he anticipates returning next summer to continue excavating a painted plaster floor at the Old Testament-era site. “For us, the floor is incredibly important, because it shows international relations and contacts from almost 4,000 years ago,” he says. “Its not Noahs Ark, but its a painted floor,” the archaeologist says, “which is good enough for me.”  in the meantime表示“在此期间，其间”，例如： § Eventually your child will leave home to lead her own life as a fully independent adult, but in the meantime she relies on your support. 你的孩子最终将长大成人，完全独立，离开家过自己的生活，不过在此期间她会靠你帮助。 for the meantime 表示“目前，眼下，暂时”§ The Prime Minister has, for the meantime, seen off the challenge of the opposition. 首相目前已经经受住了反对派的挑战。  unearth动词，表示“发现，揭露”，例如： § Researchers have unearthed documents indicating her responsibility for the forced adoption of children. 调查人员已经发现了证明她对强制收养儿童事件负有责任的文件。还可以表示“发掘，挖掘（埋藏物）”，例如： § Fossil hunters have unearthed the bones of an elephant believed to be 500,000 years old. 化石搜集者们发掘出一具大象骨骼，据信距今已有50万年。还可以表示“找到，发现（隐藏或丢失之物）”，例如： § From somewhere, he had unearthed a black silk suit. 他不知从哪里找来了一套黑色的丝绸衣服。  pause动词含义表示“停顿，暂停”，例如： § He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停顿一下清清嗓子。名词含义也表示“停顿，暂停”，例如： § There was a pause while the barmaid set down two plates in front of us. 酒吧招待女在我们面前摆放两个盘子时停顿了一下。 sth. gives you pause for thought 表示“使认真考虑，使犹豫”  答案解析1. B. It's in vain. 定位分析题干问的是考古学家对寻找圣经大洪水中幸存下来的船所持的态度是什么？定位到第一段第二句，Archaeologists say its a fools errand. 其中 a fool's errand 为固定搭配，表示“徒劳的事”，B选项的 in vain是其同义替换。干扰项排除A选项 foolish表示“愚蠢的”，是根据 fool设置的干扰项，容易因不明确原文搭配的正确含义导致错选。C选项 meaningful表示“有意义的”，与原文不符。 2. A. Because he shifts focus to expeditions and showing research to people who respect for science. 定位分析题干问的是为什么 Cline停止反驳让公众着迷的传闻的圣经证据？定位到原文第三段第七句，he quitand now focuses his time on both his expeditions and translating his research for those willing to accept the results of the scientific process. 从中可知，他现在将重心放在了探险考察以及将研究成果解释给那些愿意接受由科学的过程产生的结果的人，A选项是原文的同义表述。干扰项排除B选项说因为他知道了人们无论如何也不会相信他。原文提到了 People are gonna believe what they want to believe，他知道人们只会相信他们愿意相信的，但并不是导致他停止反驳的主因。C选项说因为他不再年轻并且厌倦做这件事。原文虽然提到了 in his younger years，但关联牵强。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司