Unit 3预习教案-人教版八年级英语下册.docx
Unit 3一、重点短语do the chores 做杂务stay out late 晚归come over 过来have a test 考试get a ride 搭车use one's computer 使用某人的电脑hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭wash the car 刷车work on 从事,忙于work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。Can you lend me your bike? 你能借给我你的自行车吗?invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place invite you to my partygo to the store 去商店agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of = look after well 把照管得好take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步play with sb. 和某人玩forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)(1)do,make 短语归类do the dishes 洗餐具do my homework 做我的家庭作业do chores 做家务,处理琐事do the laundry 洗衣do the shopping 购物do some reading 读书make your bed 铺床make breakfast 做早餐make dinner 做晚饭make tea 泡茶,沏茶make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖啡(2)关于 to 的短语总结have to do sth. 不得不,必须做某事need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事二、单元知识点归纳1. help out动词短语,表示在某人繁忙或 遇到困难时“给予帮助”。help和out之间还可以加入具体的“人”。 He helped me out with my task.他帮我完成了任务。They helped (us) out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们做大扫除。2.any minute now一种常见的口语表达法,相当于“随时;马上;在任何时刻”的意思,表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。minute还可以用second, moment, time等词替换。Dont worry, he will come here any minute now.别担心, 他会马上来这儿。 3.take 有关的短语take out 带出去,取出 take .out 把带出去take off 脱下;(飞机)起飞take to 把.带到.take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步take exercise 运动,锻炼take ones time 不用急,慢慢来take a bus(ship/train)乘坐公共汽车take turns 轮流,替换It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间4.a few/few/a little/littlea few 少数;几个 修饰可数名词复数 表肯定few 几乎没有的;很少的 修饰可数名词复数 表否定a little 一点;少许 修饰不可数名词,表肯定little 几乎没有的;很少的 修饰不可数名词,表否定5.neitherNor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人也不”neither 用作副词,作“也不”解释,放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物,句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用nor替换 neither 使用。 I dont like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。 Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。neither 用作代词,表示“两者都不,双方均不”。He answered neither of the letters.他两封信都没回。 Which one would you like? 你喜欢哪一个? Neither.两个都不喜欢。 neither.nor. “既不也不”。Neither you nor I am right.So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语 “某人也是如此”So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词(表示对上句情况的肯定或重复)“某人确实如此”。Betty is a nice girl. So she is .6.also, too, either, neither 的用法1)also 是比较正式的用语,语气较庄重。它通常放在句中,位于行为动词之前,连系动词之后; 如有助动词或情态动词,一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。Peter also has two brothers. 彼得也有两个兄弟。 I am also a student. 我也是一名学生。 Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese. 格林夫人也能用汉语唱这首歌。 2)too 是普通用词,多用于口语,语气较随便。一般用在肯定句和一般疑问句的句末。Im in Row 1, too. 我也在第一排。注意:also和too一般都用于肯定句,很少用于否定句。3)either 表示“也”时,一般只用于否定句,且置于句末。I dont know him. Tom doesnt know him, either. 我不认识他,汤姆也不认识他。If you dont go there, he wont go there, either. 如果你不去那儿,他也不会去那儿。 注意:either 本身没有否定的意义。所以多与 not 连用。 7. neither 表示“两个都不”,它作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Neither of you can do it. 你们两个都不能做这件事。8. It is the parentsjob to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.此处代词it仅为形式上的主语, 真正的主语是to provide for their children。我们也可将It is ones job (duty, ) to do something.视为一个固定的句型, 表示“做某事是某人的工作。Its every teachers job to explain things clearly to the students.把东西给学生讲明白是每一位老师应做的事情。9. provide 作动词,意为“ 提供;供应”。provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.意为“为某人提供某物”。The movie theater provides us with good service.His school provided a house for him.10. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得干点家务也不难。 anyway是一个副词, 若位于句首, 其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论, 相当于汉语的“反正;仍然;依然”。11.Sam didnt get the job, but hes not unhappy because it didnt pay well anyway.萨姆没有得到那份工作,但他并没有闷闷不乐,反正薪酬也不算高。anyway还可用来表示“不管怎样; 无论如何”之意。Its just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor.这只不过是感冒, 但不管怎样, 你还是应该看看医生。12. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立, 对他们的未来就越好。“the+比较级+, the+比较级+”是英语中一个常用的句型结构, 表示“越, 就越”。The more he explained, the better we understood.他解释得越多, 我们就理解得越透彻。Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become.很多人相信一个人书读得越多就会变得越聪明。13.as soon as 一.就.引导时间状语从句。这个短语用的比较常用,口语和书面语都可以。它的特点是,在句子中的位置比较灵活,而且可以用于各种时态。 Ill write you as soon as I get there. 我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时) As soon as I went in, Kate cried out with pleasure. 我一进门,Kate 就高兴的叫起来。(一般过去时)14. could与can的区别 could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合; Can you tell us your story , Tony ? could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。 Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?15.borrow和lend都可译为“借”,但用法不同。(1)borrow v. “借,借入;借用”. 常用结构为: borrow sth. from sb.或borrow ones sth.意为“向某人借某物”。(2)lend v. “借出;借给”,常用结构为:lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb. 意为“借给某人某物”。(3)borrow和lend均为非延续性动词,若表达借某物多长时间时,不能用borrow 或lend, 而要用keep, 意为“保存;保留”。16.develop 发展;壮大 a developed country发达国家a developing country发展中国家17.drop (drops;dropping;dropped)(意外地)落下,掉下,使落下Be careful not to drop that plate.小心别把盘子摔了。 I dropped my glasses and broke them. 我不小心把眼镜掉下来摔碎了drop (drops;dropping;dropped)(使)变弱,降低,减少The temperature dropped (to 50 degrees).温度下降了(到了50度)。The team has dropped =fallen to third place. 这个队已降至第三名。She dropped her voice .她压低了声音。 一、用could委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事的句型-Could I go out for dinner with my friends?我可以和朋友去外面吃晚饭吗?-Sure,that sounds be OK.可以,听起来不错。点拨"Colud I."用于征求他人同意。语气较为委婉,礼貌。肯定答语用:Yes,you can./Yes,please.等。否定答语用:Sorry,you can't./I'm afraid you can't.等。二、用could委婉地请求别人做某事的句型-Could you please take the dog for a walk?你可以带狗出去走走吗?-OK,but I want to watch one show first.好的,但是我想先看一个表演。点拨"Could you (please) do sth.?"用于委婉地请求别人做某事。此句型的肯定答语用:Yes,sure./Yes,I can./Of course,I can./No problem./With pleasure.等否定答语用:Sorry,I can't.I have to./Sorry,I'm going to./I'm afraid I can't.I have to.等。总之,答语没有固定的形式,但要符合上下文的语境。学科网(北京)股份有限公司