《代词初中语法》PPT课件.ppt

人教版人教版语法 代词 人称人称单数单数复数复数主格主格宾格宾格主格主格宾格宾格第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称I_we_youyou_he she it her it him_them人教版人教版语法要点语法要点1掌握人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法。掌握人称代词、物主代词和不定代词的用法。2掌握指示代词和反身代词的人称和数的变化。掌握指示代词和反身代词的人称和数的变化。要点一：人称代要点一：人称代词词meusyouyoutheymy friend=Tom =Mary=my mother=Mary and lily=he and I=his sister=he/shehe sheshetheyweshe人教版人教版2.用法用法人人称称代代词词的的主主格格在在句句子子中中作作主主语语或或表表语语，宾宾格格作作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：We all like him.(we作主语，作主语，him作宾语作宾语)Who is it?Its I/me.(it作主语，作主语，I或或me作表语作表语)提提醒醒(1)当当句句中中三三种种人人称称单单数数并并列列时时一一般般顺顺序序是是you,he and I(即即二二、三三、一一)；复复数数并并列列时时顺顺序序是是we,you and they。You,he and I are all invited to the party this evening.it作无人称代词的主语，表时间、天气、距离、温度、环境和情况。It was noisy when I got to the room.What time is it?Its nine oclock.(时间）Whats the weather like today?Its sunny.（天气）Its two kilometers from your school to the post office.（距离）人教版人教版(2)代代词词it可可代代替替动动词词不不定定式式作作为为句句中中的的形形式式主主语语或形式或形式宾语宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：对对我而言，按我而言，按时时完成作完成作业业有困有困难难。_hard for me _ the homework on time.我我们认为们认为晚晚饭饭后散步很有益。后散步很有益。We think it helpful _ a walk after supper.他花了三天他花了三天时间读时间读完了那本完了那本书书。_him three days to finish reading the book.Its to finishto takeIt took人教版人教版要点二：物主代要点二：物主代词词1分类分类物物主主代代词词是是用用来来表表示示所所有有关关系系的的。物物主主代代词词又又分分形形容容词词性性物物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表：主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表：人称人称数数形容词性形容词性 物主代词物主代词名词性物主名词性物主 代词代词第一人称第一人称单数单数复数复数第二人称第二人称单数单数复数复数第三人称第三人称单数单数复数复数myouryouryourhershisheritstheir_oursyourstheirsmineyours hisits人教版人教版2.用法用法形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词不不能能单单独独使使用用，用用于于名名词词前前作作定定语语，相相当当于于形形容容词词的的作作用用。名名词词性性物主代词单独使用，相当于名词的作用。物主代词单独使用，相当于名词的作用。如；如；This is his computer.This computer is his.这是他的电脑。这是他的电脑。人教版人教版要点三：反身代要点三：反身代词词1反身代词表示反身代词表示“某人自己某人自己”。详见下表：。详见下表：人称人称单单数数复数复数第一人称第一人称_ourselves第二人称第二人称yourself_第三人称第三人称herselfthemselveshimselfthemselves_themselvesmyself yourselvesitself人教版人教版2.用法用法(1)反反身身代代词词在在句句子子中中用用作作宾宾语语和和表表语语(不不能能单单独独用用作作主主语语)，和和句句子子中中的的主主语语相相呼呼应应，表表示示主主语语动动作作的的承承受受者者或或表表现现的的特特征征是自己本身。如：是自己本身。如：The girl is too young to look after _.这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。(作宾语作宾语)(2)反反身身代代词词作作主主语语或或宾宾语语的的同同位位语语，起起强强调调主主语语或或宾宾语语的的作用。如：作用。如：I myself can do this work well.我自己能做好这项工作。我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语作主语的同位语)You can ask the teacher herself.你可以问问老师本人。你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语作宾语的同位语)herself人教版人教版3固定搭配固定搭配leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下把某人单独留下随便吃随便吃/喝喝_by oneself 单独地单独地过得快乐；玩得开心过得快乐；玩得开心_learn by oneselfteach oneself 自学自学伤害某人自己伤害某人自己_come to oneself 苏醒苏醒say to oneself 心里想心里想make oneself at home 别拘束别拘束help oneself toenjoy oneselfhurt oneself一、用人称代词代替下列各词或划线部分：1.Mrs.Li 2.her uncle 3.Miss Liu 4.my family 5.my cousin and I 6.our pencils 7.its tail 8.his grandmother 9.your T-shirt 10.Bob 11.their pears 12.the park 13.Jenny 14.the animals 15.my mother and father 16.The car is red.17.These books are on the desk18.My mother and I are at home.19.Mr.Smith is a kind man.20.Her aunt is a model.(模特)二用括号中代词的适当形式填空1.Her sister is helping _（we）.2.John and I are in the same school.（we）go to school together.3.Everyone likes_(she),do(you)?4.Her sister is helping _（we）.5._(me)have many friends.Some of （they）are good at English.6.Jim is English._(I)like playing with _(he)7 .I love _（they）very much.8.Miss Li often looks after_（she）9.They are waiting for_（they）.10.Do you like Li Ming?No,_(I)dont like _.(he)11.Danny gives the book to _.(you)usWeherusIthemIhimthemherselfthemIhimyou1.Is _ a boy or girl?A.she B.he C.one D.it 2.They asked_ to do the work.A.you,he and I B.you,him and me C.I,you and he D.me,you and him 3.Someone is knocking at the door,but who can _ be?A.one B.he C.she D.it 4._ a heavy rain last night.A.There had B.We had C.It was D.There is 5._ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park.We have to go there by car.A.There B.It C.This D.The place 6.The bear was shot in_ head.?A.the B.its C.a D.this 8.Our room is big,but_ is bigger than_.A.their;our B.their;ours C.theirs;ours D.theirs;our.9.Have you read the newspaper today?Yes,there is in it.A.something interesting B.interesting something C.anything interesting D.interesting any thing10.Sorry I have forgot _ telephone number.A.yours B.him C.you D.his 11.We _ at the party last Sunday.A.enjoyed myself B.enjoyed ourselves C.enjoy myself D.enjoyed ourself 12.You are twelve now._ must look after_.A.You;yourself B.Your;yourself C.You;your D.Youre;yourself 60 Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A.any students B.other student C.any other student D.any other students.13.“Make_ at home.he said to his friends.A.yourself B.yourselves C.you D.yours 14.Let Tony do it by_.He is no longer a kid A.him B.his C.himself D.he 15.This blue suit looks better than the green _.A./B.one C.suits D.ones 16.Tom,Please pass _ the newspaper.I want to read it.A.you B.me C.him D.her 17.The English novel is quite easy for you.There are _ new words in it.A.a little B.little C.a few D.few 18.-You want _ sandwich?-Yes,I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A.other B.another C.others D.the other 人教版人教版要点四：指示代要点四：指示代词词单单数数复数复数this(这这个个)these(这这些些)指近指近处处that(那个那个)those(那些那些)指指远处远处指指示示代代词词是是表表示示指指示示概概念念的的代代词词，可可以以在在句句子子中中作作主主语语、表表语语、宾语宾语和定和定语语。指示代。指示代词词有：有：人教版人教版要点五：不定代要点五：不定代词词1定义定义不不指指明明代代替替任任何何特特定定名名词词或或形形容容词词的的代代词词叫叫做做不不定定代代词词。多多数数可可以以作作主主语语、宾宾语语、表表语语或或定定语语。常常见见的的不不定定代代词词有有：some，any，no，none，one，all，every，each，other，another，either，neither，both，many，much，(a)few，(a)little，a lot of，lots of以以及及some，any，no和和every与与thing，body或或one构构成成的复合不定代词。的复合不定代词。人教版人教版2常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析(1)few，a few，little，a little修修饰饰可数名可数名词词 (复数复数)a few(几个，一些几个，一些)few(几乎没有几乎没有)a little(一点一点)little(很少，不多很少，不多)用法用法肯定意肯定意义义否定意否定意义义修修饰饰不可数不可数名名词词人教版人教版如如：He has _ friends，but he has _ good friends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。Theres still _ meat at home，but theres _ bread.家里家里还还有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。(2)some，any二二者者均均表表示示“一一些些”，既既可可以以修修饰饰可可数数名名词词，也也可可以以修修饰饰不不可可数数名名词词。some一一般般用用于于肯肯定定句句，any一一般般用用于于疑疑问问句句、否否定句和条件状定句和条件状语语从句。从句。在在疑疑问问句句中中，表表示示说说话话人人希希望望得得到到肯肯定定回回答答或或表表示示请请求求、建建议时议时，用，用some。如：。如：Would you like _？来点儿茶来点儿茶吗吗？Will you please get _ for me?请请你帮我弄点儿水好你帮我弄点儿水好吗吗？a fewfewa littlelittlesome teasome water人教版人教版使用范使用范围围都都都不都不两者之一两者之一两者两者bothneithereither三者或三者以上三者或三者以上allnoneany(3)both，all，neither，either，any，none如：如：My parents are _ teachers.我父母都是老我父母都是老师师。There are some trees on _ side of the road.马马路两路两边边都有都有树树。I like _ these two coats.两件大衣我都不喜两件大衣我都不喜欢欢。both eitherneither of人教版人教版(4)many，much，a lot of 三三者者都都表表示示“许许多多”。其其中中many 和和much 常常用用于于否否定定句句和和疑疑问问句句中中；肯肯定定句句中中常常用用a lot of。many修修饰饰可可数数名名词词复复数数；much修修饰饰不不可可数数名名词词；a lot of(lots of)既既可可以以修修饰饰可可数数名名词词复复数数，又又可可以修以修饰饰不可数名不可数名词词。(5)each，every两两者者都都表表示示“每每个个”“”“各各个个”，前前者者强强调调每每个个人人或或事事物物的的个个别别情情况况，即即强强调调个体；后者有个体；后者有“全体全体”的意思，即的意思，即强强调调整体。如：整体。如：_ them has a dictionary.他他们们每人有一本每人有一本词词典。典。_ minute is important to us.对对我我们们来来说说每分每分钟钟都很重要。都很重要。Each ofEvery人教版人教版(6)another，(the)other，(the)othersother泛指泛指“另外的另外的”，不能，不能单单独使用，后接名独使用，后接名词词。others等于等于“other复数名复数名词词”，泛指，泛指“别别的人或物的人或物”；the other(单单数可数名数可数名词词)指指“两者中的另一个两者中的另一个”，常用于，常用于“onethe other”结结构。构。the others等于等于“the other复数名复数名词词”，表示，表示“其余所有的人其余所有的人或物或物”。another 泛指泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个三者或三者以上中的另一个”。如：如：Do you have any other ideas?你有你有别别的想法的想法吗吗？I have two brothers._ is a doctor，_ is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教个是教师师。Onethe other人教版人教版He is always ready to help _.他他总总是是乐乐意帮助意帮助别别人。人。Five of them are in the classroom.What about _？他他们们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？Dont lose heart.Have _ try.别别灰心，再灰心，再试试一次。一次。othersthe othersanother人教版人教版(7)复合不定代复合不定代词词 以以some和和any开开头头的的复复合合不不定定代代词词用用法法和和some，any的的用法一用法一样样。(some和和any的用法的用法见见上文上文)修修饰饰复合不定代复合不定代词词的形容的形容词词要放在其后。如：要放在其后。如：Is there _ in todays newspaper?今天的今天的报纸报纸有什么重要新有什么重要新闻吗闻吗？复合不定代复合不定代词词作主作主语视为单语视为单数。如：数。如：Nobody _ his name.没有人知道他的名字。没有人知道他的名字。anything importantknows人教版人教版要点六：疑要点六：疑问问代代词词疑疑问问代代词词主主要要有有who(谁谁)，whom(谁谁)，which(哪哪一一个个/哪哪一一些些)，what(什什么么)和和whose(谁谁的的)，用用来来构构成成特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，放放在在句句子子开开头头。如：。如：_ do you want to know?你想要知道什么？你想要知道什么？_ shirt is this?这这是是谁谁的的衬衬衫？衫？Tea and coffee,_ do you prefer?WhatWhosewhichExercises:1-_ is your e-mail address(邮件地址)?-Its .A.Who B.How C.What D.Which 2 _ does your brother do?-He is a bus driver.A.Where B.Why C.What D.How 3.-_ can I do for you?-I would like a cup of tea.A.What B.How C.Which D.Who 4.-_coat is more beautiful than yours?-Lilys.A.Which B.Whose C.Who D.What 7.You may come to my house _ this week_ next week.A.neither;or B.from to C.either or D.either;nor 8.I dont think we can do it all_.A.by ourselves B.by myself C.by ourself D.by yourselves 9.I dont want this shirt.Please show me_ A.others B.the others C.another D.the other 10.I cant repair the model ship_.Can you help_?A.me;me B.myself,myself C.myself,me D.me,myself 11.Does your brother often wash clothes_?A.he B.himself C.herself D.him 5.-_ is the matter?-I have a headache(头疼).A.Who B.What C.How D.Which 6-_are you going to do this evening,Sally?-Im going to do my homework.A.Where B.what C.how D.when 12.We study Chinese,English,maths and some _ subjects.A.the other B.one C.other D.another 13.I have two sisters._ of them are doctors.A.Both B.All C.Either D.Neither 14.The book on the shelf is_.She _ wrote_ name on its cover.A.hers,herself,her B.Her;hers;herself C.hers;her;hers D.Her;herself;herself 15.“Dont worry.Theres_ much wrong with you.”said the doctor.A.nothing B.everything C.something D.very 16.These shoes are too small.You may buy some_ shoes.A.another B.other C.the others D.others 17.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner,but_ of them came.A.all B.both C.none D.neither18._ Li Pings brother.A.Her B.His C.Hes D.Shes19.I found _impossible for _to work out the maths problem.A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he 20.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.these D.them 21.Although he s wealthy，he spends _ on clothes.A.little B.few C.a little D.a few 22.The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS.They think more of others than _.A.they B.them C.themselves D.theirs 23.-Which do you prefer,a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_,thanks.Id like a cup of tea.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 24.-Oh!I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind.You can have _.A.us B.ours C.you D.yours 25.-Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?-_ is OK.Im free today and tomorrow.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None 26.-How are you going to improve _ this term?-Work harder than last term.A.ourselves B.myself C.himself D.yourself