unit 2 虚拟语气.ppt
Unit 2 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词从句中在名词从句中在非真实条件从句中在非真实条件从句中其他情形其他情形含含有有标标志志词词的的名名词词从从句句谓谓语语用用should +动动词词原原形形混混合合时时间间虚虚拟拟句句三三种种基基本本形形态态含含蓄蓄虚虚拟拟句句倒倒装装虚虚拟拟句句跳跳层层虚虚拟拟句句Wishwould ratherits high timeif onlyLest1.非真实条件虚拟句(if 从句中谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间是一致的，即同为现在、过去或将来后退一步法）时时间间IF从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式主句谓语形式主句谓语形式现现在在Did or wereWould(should,might,could)+doIf I had enough money,I would run a company of my own.If I were you,I should never marry him.过过去去Had done or had beenWould(should,might,could)+have done(been)You would have missed the train if you had not hurried.If the flowers had been planted earlier,they would have been in bloom last week.将将来来Were to(should)+doWould(should,might,could)+doIf I should win the lottery,I would buy a car.If he were to come here,how would you tell him about this?2.混合时间虚拟句(主要是抓住时间状语)1).If I had not studied English,I would never be here to teach you grammar today.2)If he had studied English two years ago,he might have a chance of going abroad for further study now.常见：从句表示过去，常见：从句表示过去，主句表示现在主句表示现在(对过去事实虚拟对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟对现在事实虚拟)3.倒装虚拟句（只能与过去只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去将来事实相反，省去if，有三种倒装形式，有三种倒装形式Should I win the lottery,I would buy a car.=If I should win,Were he to leave today,he would get there by Monday.=If he were to leave,Had he not been promoted,he would never have remained with the company.=If he had not been 当当if 条件句中有助动词条件句中有助动词should,had 或或were时，时，则可以省去则可以省去if而将而将should,had或或Were 置句首，置句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句。从而构成倒装虚拟句。4.含蓄虚拟句没有完整的条件句，没有完整的条件句，但上下文隐含了虚拟条件的意味。但上下文隐含了虚拟条件的意味。1）But for the sun,there could be no life on earth.=if it were not for the sun,there could be no life on earth.（若不是若不是）2）But that the doctor arrived on time that day,they would have been dead.=if the doctor had not arrived on time that day,they would have been dead.a.But for+名词短语名词短语b.But that+从句（谓语动词用陈述语气）从句（谓语动词用陈述语气）c.可表示对过去、现在、将来的虚拟可表示对过去、现在、将来的虚拟5.跳层虚拟句一部分虚拟，一部分虚拟，一部分不虚拟，用陈述语气，一部分不虚拟，用陈述语气，用以陈述用以陈述一件事实，一件事实，（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；（即句子一半为虚拟，另一半为陈述语气；butbut前句用虚拟而前句用虚拟而or/otherwiseor/otherwise后句用虚拟）后句用虚拟）1）虚拟句）虚拟句+but+陈述句陈述句a.He would put on weight,but he doesnt eat much.(主语主语+would do,but+主语主语+一般现在时谓语形式一般现在时谓语形式对现对现在的虚拟）在的虚拟）b.Some women could have done a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family（主语（主语+would have done,but+主语主语+一般过去时谓语一般过去时谓语形式形式 对过去虚拟）对过去虚拟）2)陈述句陈述句+or else+虚拟句虚拟句a.I forget where I read the article,or I would show it to you now.b.(主语主语+一般现在时谓语形式，一般现在时谓语形式，or+主语主语+would do 现现在事实虚拟）在事实虚拟）b.Mary couldnt have received my letter,otherwise she would have replied before now.（主语（主语+一般过去时谓语形式，一般过去时谓语形式，or+主语主语+would have done 表示对过去事实虚拟）表示对过去事实虚拟）名词从句虚拟句在含有在含有特定标志词特定标志词的名词虚拟从句中的名词虚拟从句中,无论主句的谓语动无论主句的谓语动词是何种形式，词是何种形式，从句谓语均为：从句谓语均为：Should+动词原形，动词原形，should 可以省去可以省去 特定的标志词：表愿望、建议、命令、请求、意愿等语气特定的标志词：表愿望、建议、命令、请求、意愿等语气I suggested that we should go tomorrow.I suggested that we should go the next day.1.在宾语从句中，特定的标志词在宾语从句中，特定的标志词(命令、要求、建议命令、要求、建议等等)Ask,beg（请求）（请求）,demand,desire（要求）（要求）,require,request,urge（强烈要求）（强烈要求）command（命令）（命令）,order Decide，determine,recommend，suggest,propose,insist,move(提议）提议）,prefer（提出）（提出）,It is important that the hotel receptionist make sure that gests are registered correctly.It is requested that all members be present at the meeting.It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.(advice,decision,demand,suggestion,motion,proposal,recommendation,requirement,order)2.it is+(2.it is+(形容词形容词/过去分词过去分词/特定名词特定名词)+that)+that的主的主语从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、语从句中，形容词主要是表示令人吃惊的、重要的、必要的、关键的等词汇必要的、关键的等词汇(3)过去分词：decided,desired,demanded,ordered,requested,recommended,suggested等等;名词：名词：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,motion,pray,resolution,wish,preference,proposal,recommendation,requirement,idea,order等等 其他虚拟 句型 1.在在wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中现在现在Wish+主语主语+动词过去式（动词过去式（be 用用were）I wish I could travel to the moon.I wish I were a little younger.过去过去Wish+主语主语+had+动词过去分词动词过去分词I wish I had been there将来将来 Wish+主语主语+would/could+动词原形动词原形I wish you would shut up 注意：注意：即使将即使将wish改为改为wished，上述例句谓语时态仍然上述例句谓语时态仍然不变。不变。2.在在if only感叹句中（感叹句中（“但愿但愿”、“要是要是就好就好了了”）其用法等同于）其用法等同于wishIf only I were taller.If only he had followed your advice.If only the train would stop3.在在as if/as though 从句中从句中与现在事实相反，与现在事实相反，谓语用过去时谓语用过去时;过去事实相反，过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时谓语用过去完成时I really dont care for the way youre speaking to me,.It seems as if you were my father.4.在在it is(high)time(that).(从句用过去时，该是从句用过去时，该是.时候时候 ）Dont dawdle away your youth any more.It is time you thought about your future.5.在在would rather,would sooner,would as soon等从等从句中句中1）表现在或将来，）表现在或将来，从句谓语用一般过去时从句谓语用一般过去时2）表过去已经做的事，）表过去已经做的事，从句谓语用过去完成时从句谓语用过去完成时A.she says shed rather he left tomorrow instead of today.B.Id as soon you hadnt spoken rudely to her.注意：和动词连用，注意：和动词连用，用动词原形用动词原形I would rather go there tomorrow.总结1.(should)+动词原形动词原形(一般式一般式/被动式被动式/否定式否定式)记记住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及住信号词（名词，动词，形容词，分词等）以及lest.2.一般过去时：一般过去时：wish/if only/would rather/its time(high/about)that.3.基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语基本形式（主要考与过去和将来相反的虚拟语气）气）,特别注意时间状语特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚拟混合时间虚拟)4.倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个倒装的两个时间：与过去，与将来相反；三个形式形式(had/were/should)提前大写，提前大写，if省去；省去；5.but/or/or else/otherwise(跳层虚拟语气跳层虚拟语气)
