《简爱》会话中合作原则的违反,英语论文.docx

(简爱）会话中合作原则的违反,英语论文根据 GRICE 的合作原则，人们在会话中通常会遵循一定的准则，但人们有时会违背这些准则来表示出隐藏在会话字面意义下的隐含意义，本文通过分析简爱会话中合作原则的违背来探析违背合作原则所产生的会话含义及在人物塑造和推动情节发展上的作用。 关键字：简爱；合作原则；会话含义；违背 Abstract According to Grice s cooperative principle, people usually follow certain rules in their conversation, but sometimes people will go against these rules in order to express the implied meaning hidden under the literal meaning of their conversation.This dissertation analyzes conversational implication produced by the violation of Cooperative Principle and the role of violation of Cooperative Principle in creating characters and promoting the plot through the analysis of violation of CP in the conversation of Jane Eyre. Key words: Jane Eyre; Cooperative principle; Conversational implication; violation TABLE OF CONTENTS 内容摘要 Abstract Chapter One Introduction Background Aims and significance of the study Methodology The content of the thesis Organization of the Dissertation. Chapter Two Literature review 2.1 Cooperative Principle 2.2 Conversational Implication 2.3 Previous studies 2.4 Summary Chapter Three Violation of CP in the Conversation of Jane Eyre and Conversation Implication Created by Violation of CP 3.1 Violation of the Quantity Maxim and conversation implication created by Violation of CP 3.2 Violation of the Quality Maxim and Conversation Implication Created by Violation of CP 3.3 Violation of the Relevant Maxim and Conversation Implication Created by Violation of CP 3.4 Violation of the Manner Maxim and Conversation Implication Created by Violation of CP 3.5 Summary Chapter Four Effects of violation CP 4.1 Effects of violation CP on creating characters 4.2 Effects of violation CP on promoting the plot Chapter Five Conclusion 5.1 Summary 5.2 Limitations of the present study REFERENCES Acknowledgements Chapter One Introduction Jane Eyre is the representative work of charlotte Bronte who is a well-known writer of Britain in the 19th century. It is widely believed that Jane Eyre is a work with autobiographic color of Charlotte Bronte. It tells a story about a Britain woman who becomes an orphan from childhood. She eventually gets happiness after constantly pursuit of freedom and dignity through all kinds of hardships, besides, she holds fast of her faith. There is no lack of violation of the cooperative principle which exposes implied conversational meaning hidden under the literal meaning, embodies the bright and colorful characters and also promotes the development of the plot. Background Cooperative Principle was put forward by the famous American linguistic philosopher Grice in a speech at Harvard University in 1967.Grice believes that in the process of human communication, the two sides in the dialogue seem inadvertent to follow a certain principle in order to effectively cooperate to complete the communicative tasks. People in the actual verbal communication, however, are not always abiding by the cooperative principle . Moreover, out of necessity, people will deliberately violate the cooperative principle. Grice called the implication created through the deliberate violation of the cooperative principle on the surface special conversational implication . The special conversational implication explains how the hearer understands the speaker s conversational implication through the surface meaning of the speaker s words so as to express a different meaning. Aims and significance of the study There will be some phenomenon of violation of the cooperative principle in people s conversation to express conversational implication in some specific contexts in people s life. These conversations can reflect the speakers characters and also can affect the speakers relationship development. Learning and mastering the theory of conversational implication in order to analyze discourse is helpful to improve language learners ability of comprehension, and then improve their communicating ability. In order to concretely analyze the violation of the cooperative principle in the conversation, this dissertation will clearly analyzes violation of the Cooperative Principle in the conversation based on the representative classic work Jane Eyre to explore the violation of the Cooperative Principle and its effects on creating characters and promoting the development of plot, which makes the readers have a clearer and more profound understanding of the language phenomenon of violation of the cooperative principle in the conversation and makes the readers have more enlightenment in the application of this language phenomenon in real life so as to improve people s comprehension ability and communication skills Last but not least, I hope I can master the methods of studying the series of subjects after finishing the dissertation. Methodology Search literature on the internet, such as searching literature on How Net and some other literature retrieval platforms. Search papers with reference value through searching key phrases conversation in Jane Eyre or cooperative principle . If there are unfound or not specific information, I will go to the library to find relevant books. I will read and study these papers and books to inspire my own thought, and finish the outline after making clear my thought, then I will full the content of outline step by step to finish paper and I will record the information of references in this process so that I can organize the references later. The content of the thesis Cooperative Principle exactly requires that each speaker s words said in the conversation shall conform with the target and direction of the conversation in the process of the talking, and the theory of conversational implication is a theory closely connected with the cooperative principle .Grice believes that people in conversation often deliberately violate cooperative principle on the basis of abiding by the Cooperative Principle with the purpose of expressing the true meaning of a potential meaning, namely the conversational implication. Conversational implication is not literal meaning expressed word by word in the normal sense, but the real meaning or real intention which the speakers want to convey .The study of violation of the Cooperative Principle with the example of conversations in Jane Eyre is helpful to analyze the conversational implication produced by violating Conversational Principles and the real intention of the speakers so as to achieve the goal of studying the effects of violating conversational principles on creating characters and promoting the development of plot. Classic work Jane Eyre is an influential masterpiece. In English, the classic work tells the story of Jane Eyre who became an orphan from childhood and was sent to her aunt s home but was not well treated, then she was sent to an orphanage, having a tough passage in the orphanage. When she grew up, she went to the Mulberry Seinfeld s manor and met her final lover Mr. Rochester .After various difficulties, they harvest their love. The novel vividly shaped the role of Jane Eyre, a female image. She was unwilling to bear the social pressure and she had the courage to pursue personal happiness. Her poor low social status or her frustration in her life are both true reflection of the British underclass s life. In the novel, the author vividly describes a new female image awakening from the social underclass and praises the characters resistance to oppression and social prejudice, admires her force for independent personality and dignity and appreciates her tenacious struggle in pursuit of happy life. The plot twists and turns in the novel, which is fascinating.Conversation between roles plays an important role in the novel for all above.violation of the cooperative principle has indispensable role to uncover the characters inner world and the real intention, and shape characters and promote plot. Organization of the Dissertation This dissertation has five chapters in all. The first chapter is the introduction. The main content of this chapter mainly includes: Background, Aims and significance of the study research, purpose and significance, Methodology, the content of the thesis， Organization of the structure of the Dissertation .The second chapter is literature review which includes theoretical basis and the previous study. The third chapter s main content is the violation of the Cooperative Principle in the conversation of Jane Eyre which respectively introduces the violation of four principles of the cooperative principle and the conversational implication produced by the violation of the cooperative principle. The fourth chapter is mainly about the influence of the violation of cooperative principle on shaping characters of roles in Jane Eyre and the influence on promoting the development of plot. The fifth chapter is conclusion of the dissertation, mainly introducing the shortcomings of the present study and putting forward a few suggestions. Chapter Two Literature review 2.1 Cooperative Principle Participants of the conversation have to conform to the goal and the direction of the conversation in the process of talking to make sure the conversation successfully continue and eventually successfully finished, which is called cooperative principle in pragmatics put forward by American linguistic philosopher Grice. Grice s cooperative principle includes four criteria: quantity maxim, quality maxim, relevant maxim and manner maxim. 2.1.1 Quantity Maxim The maxim of quantity: the words said by the speakers should be consistent with information needed for the purpose of the conversation, not lacking the required information, and meanwhile don t include unnecessary information. 2.1.2 Quality Maxim The maxim of quality: participators of the conversation don t say words not tallying with the facts; don t say words lacking of sufficient evidence. 2.1.3 Relevant Maxim The maxim of relation: participators of the conversation should speak considering context that is to say, their conversation should be contextual; speakers of the conversation should not discuss the content having nothing to do with the conversation before and should not only talk about the topic which is not necessary and not important. 2.1.4 Manner Maxim The maxim of manner: speakers way of expression should not be obscure and it should not have ambiguity; it should be concise and be organized. These guidelines are explained in detail for dialogue participants. In order to make the ommunication the most effective, reasonable and cooperatively continue, they must do things like these: dialogue participants should speak sincerely, relevant and clear, at the same time, they should provide efficient information. These guidelines, to some extent, ensure people s daily verbal communication can go on smoothly. 2.2 Conversational Implication Conversational implication theory is a theory closely connected with the cooperative principle .Grice believes that people in conversation often deliberately violate the principles on the basis of observing the cooperative principle with the purpose of expressing the potential real meaning, namely the conversational implication. Conversational implication is not literal meaning expressed word by word in normal sense, but the real meaning or real intention which the speaker want to convey. Conversational implication theory is a theory essentially about how people use the language, having the significance in pragmatic level, besides, the theory formed the basis of pragmatics. When words of speakers in the communication violate cooperative principle, the hearer will judge the purpose and implied meaning according to the context. Cooperative principle does not necessarily lead to smooth communication, on the contrary, the action of deliberate violation of the cooperative principle tends to produce special conversational meaning and pragmatic meaning, which will help smoothly and effectively transfer conversation and information. 2.3 Previous studies Cooperative principle has always been the hot spot in the study of pragmatics, and the violation of the cooperative principle in the conversation is an important subject studied by many scholars. Most of them pay much attention on the study of conversational implication produced by the violation of cooperative principle and conversational effects created by the violation of cooperative principle. Some scholars study the reason and purpose to violate the cooperative principle in conversation. Wang Xiaoxiao and Li Xing (2018) make the conclusion that the violation of the cooperative principle in conversation is often the need of communication strategy in some communicative situations. The violations of the cooperative principle can embodies the richness of discourse and achieve the result not expected in conversation by analyzing violation of the cooperative principle in the communicative conversation in Violation of the Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implication. Many literary works also violated the cooperative principle, for example, Qin Menyang (2021) considers that conversation violating Cooperative Principle can make female voice better listened by general public, ,make readers to see a world of equality between men and women, create rich pragmatic meanings, make the roles different language and behavior characteristics clear and let the roles sharp, witty, humorous or ironic language styles reveal in The Violation of the Cooperative Principle in Novels Written by Female Writer. In conversation, the violation of the cooperative principle has become scholars one of the important study topics and their research results established the basis for the present studies which will be continually improved. 2.4 Summary This chapter introduces that there are some rules obeyed by speakers in a conversation to ensure the successful continuing of the conversation. The rules can be concluded as Cooperative Principle. People often convey their conversational implication by observing or going against Cooperative Principle. Conversational implication is the real meaning or the real intention of speakers expressed in a conversation which hidden under the literal meaning of a conversation. Nowadays, as a hot subject in pragmatics, there have been a lot of studies on exploring the violation of the Cooperative Principle in conversation which provide references for the present study. Chapter Three Violation of CP in the Conversation of Jane Eyre and Conversation Implication Created by Violation of CP 3.1 Violation of the Quantity Maxim and conversation implication created by Violation of CP 3.1.1 Violation of the Quantity Maxim If the speaker provide more information or less information than what the conversation needs， the conversation will produce the implicit meaning, namely t