The Aluminium Sector GHG Protocol-资源文档资料整理者.pdf
International Aluminium Institute TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(AddendumtotheWRI/WBCSDGreenhouseGasProtocol)GreenhouseGasEmissionsMonitoringandReportingbytheAluminiumIndustryOctober2006International Aluminium Institute THEALUMINIUMSECTORADDENDUMTOTHEWBCSD/WRIGREENHOUSEGASPROTOCOL.6 INTRODUCTION.6 SECTION1 GHGACCOUNTINGANDREPORTINGPRINCIPLES.8 SECTION2 BUSINESSGOALSANDINVENTORYDESIGN.8 SECTION3 SETTINGORGANIZATIONALBOUNDARIES.8 SECTION4 SETTINGOPERATIONALBOUNDARIES.9 SECTION5 TRACKINGEMISSIONSOVERTIME.10 SECTION6 IDENTIFYINGANDCALCULATINGGHGEMISSIONS.15 SECTION7 MANAGINGINVENTORYQUALITY.15 SECTION8 ACCOUNTINGFORGHGREDUCTIONS.16 SECTION9 REPORTINGGHGEMISSIONS.16 SECTION10 VERIFICATIONOFGHGEMISSIONS.17 SECTION11 SETTINGGHGTARGETS.18 APPENDIXA CALCULATIONMETHODSFORPROCESSCARBONDIOXIDEANDPERFLUOROCARBON EMISSIONS RESULTING FROM ALUMINIUM REDUCTION ANDSUPPORTINGPROCESSES.20 1.PROCESSCARBONDIOXIDEEMISSIONS.20 1.1 SourcesofCarbonDioxide.21 1.1.1 Electrolysis.21 1.1.2 AluminiumSmeltingSupportingProcesses.21 1.1.3 AluminaRefiningSupportingProcesses.22 1.2 MethodsforCalculationofProcessCarbonDioxideEmissions.22 1.2.1 Tier1DefaultFactorMethodforCarbonDioxideEmissions.23 1.2.2 Tier2MethodUsingProcessSpecificEquationswithIndustryTypicalParametersforCarbonDioxideEmissions.23 1.2.3 Tier3MethodUsingProcessSpecificEquationswithFacilitySpecificParametersforCarbonDioxideEmissions.23 1.3 CalculationofCarbonDioxideEmissionsfromPrebakeProcesses.24 1.3.1 CarbonDioxideEmissionsfromPrebakeAnodeConsumptionDuringElectrolysis.24 TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page2of65International Aluminium Institute 1.3.2 BakingFurnaceCarbonDioxideEmissions.25 1.3.2.1 FuelforBakeFurnaceFiring.25 1.3.2.2 PitchVolatileMatterOxidationfromPitchVolatilesCombustion.25 1.3.2.3 BakingFurnacePackingMaterial.26 1.4 CalculationofCarbonDioxideEmissionsfromtheSderbergProcess.27 1.5 AlternativeMethodforProcessCarbonDioxideInventoryBasedonRawMaterialsPurchases.29 1.6 AdditionalSourcesofProcessCarbonDioxide.31 1.6.1 CokeCalcination.31 1.6.2 SodaAshUse.32 1.6.3 LimeProduction.33 2 CALCULATINGPERFLUOROCARBONEMISSIONS.35 2.1 MethodsforCalculationofPFCEmissions.35 2.1.1 Tier1DefaultFactorMethod.35 2.1.2 Tier2MethodforcalculatingPFCemissions.36 2.1.3 Tier3MethodforcalculatingPFCemissions.37 2.2 CalculationofPFCEmissionsfromAluminiumReductionProcesses.37 2.2.1 Step1CalculatetheemissionsofeachPFCgaspertonneofaluminium.37 2.2.1.1 CalculationofEmissionRateofCF4andC2F6perTonneAluminiumusingAnodeEffectMinutesPerCellDay(SlopeMethod).37 2.2.1.2 CalculationofEmissionRateofCF4andC2F6perTonneAluminiumusingAnodeEffectOvervoltage(OvervoltageMethod).38 2.2.2 Step2CalculatethetotalkilogramemissionsofeachPFCgas.39 2.2.3 Step3CalculatethetotaltonnesofcarbondioxideemissionsequivalenttothePFCemissions.39 3 GUIDANCEFORREVISINGHISTORICALEMISSIONSDATAANDONDEALINGWITHMISSINGDATAINANINVENTORYTIMESERIES.41 3.1 RevisionsResultingfromChangeinTier1EmissionFactors.42 3.2 RevisionsResultingfromChangingfromTier1MethodtoTier2Method.42 3.2.1 SurrogateTechnique.42 3.2.2 InterpolationTechnique.43 3.2.3 TrendExtrapolationTechnique.43 TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page3of65International Aluminium Institute 3.2.4 OtherTechniquesforRecalculations.44 3.3 RevisionsResultingfromChangeinTier2Coefficients.44 3.4 RevisionsResultingfromChangingfromTier2MethodtoTier3Method.44 3.5 RevisionsResultingfromaChangeinTier3SiteSpecificCoefficients.44 3.6 Changing from the Overvoltage Method to the Slope Method,or,from SlopeMethodtoOvervoltageMethod.45 3.6.1 ChangeofMethodWhenUsingTier2Calculations.45 3.6.2 ChangeofMethodWhenUsingTier3Calculations.45 3.7 ChangingfromUseofAlgebraicOvervoltagetoPositiveOvervoltageProcessData 46 APPENDIXB EXCEL SPREADSHEET TOOL AND GUIDANCE FOR CALCULATING TOTALCARBONDIOXIDEEQUIVALENTEMISSIONSFROMPRIMARYALUMINIUMPRODUCTION.47 1 OVERVIEW.47 1.1 Purposeanddomainofapplication.47 1.2 PrimaryAluminiumProcessDescription.48 1.3 ProcessEmissions.49 2 CHOICEOFACTIVITYDATAANDEMISSIONFACTORS.50 2.1 ActivityData.50 2.2 EmissionFactorsandSlope/OvervoltageCoefficients.50 2.3 CompletenessofGHGSources.52 3 DIRECTCO2EMISSIONSFROMREACTIONSATTHECARBONANODE.52 3.1 IfthequantityofanodematerialsisknownforPrebakecells.52 PartAElectrolysisCarbonDioxideEmissionsfromPrebakeCells.53 PartBProcessCarbonDioxideEmissionsfromAnodeBakingFurnace.53 3.2 IfthequantityofanodematerialsisknownforSderbergcells.54 3.3 Alternative Method for CO2 Emissions Based on Consumption of CarbonContainingMaterials.55 3.4 Tier1DefaultCO2Emissions.55 3.5 CokeCalcinationCO2Emissions.56 TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page4of65International Aluminium Institute 3.6 EmissionofCO2FromSodaAshusedinAluminiumProductionProcesses.56 3.7 LimeProductionCO2Emissions.57 4.DIRECTPFCEMISSIONSFROMELECTROLYSISREACTION.57 4.1 SlopeorOvervoltageMethod.57 Equation1AnodeEffectMinutesPerCellDay(SlopeMethod).58 Equation2AnodeEffectOvervoltage(AEO)Method(PrebakepotlineswithPechineycontrolsystemonly).58 4.2 ProductionBasedEmissionFactors.59 5 TOTALCO2EQUIVALENTEMISSIONS.60 6 QUALITYCONTROL.60 7 REPORTINGANDDOCUMENTATION.60 APPENDIXC ALUMINIUMINDUSTRYSPECIFICDEFINITIONS.62 ANODEEFFECT.62 AnodeEffectMinutesPerCellDay.62 PositiveAnodeEffectOvervoltage.62 AlgebraicAnodeEffectOvervoltage.62 NonSteadyStateEmissions.62 ALUMINIUMSMELTINGTECHNOLOGIES:.62 HorizontalStudSderberg(HSS)Technology.63 VerticalStudSderberg(VSS)Technology.63 SideWorkedPrebake(SWPB)Technology.63 CentreWorkedPrebake(CWPB)Technology.64 APPENDIXD REFERENCES.65 TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page5of65International Aluminium Institute The Aluminium Sector Addendum to the WBCSD/WRI Greenhouse GasProtocolIntroductionThisdocument,theInternationalAluminiumInstitute(IAI)AluminiumSectorAddendumtotheWBCSD/WRIGreenhouseGasProtocol,maintains,asanunderlyingpremise,thattheinternational aluminium industry generally accepts and endorses The Greenhouse GasProtocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard(revised edition)i(GHG Protocol)developedbytheWorldBusinessCouncilforSustainableDevelopment(WBCSD)andtheWorld Resources Institute(WRI).This Addendum has been developed by the IAI andendorsed by WRI/WBCSD to supplement the GHG Protocol,by providing additionalinterpretation,guidanceandexamplestailoredtotheinternationalaluminiumindustry.TheGHGProtocoladdressesthefollowingGHGaccountingandreportingtopics:1.GHGaccountingandreportingprinciples;2.Businessgoalsandinventorydesign;3.Settingorganizationalboundaries;4.Settingoperationalboundaries;5.Trackingemissionsovertime;6.IdentifyingandcalculatingGHGemissions;7.Managinginventoryquality;8.AccountingforGHGreductions;9.ReportingGHGemissions10.VerificationofGHGemissions;11.SettingGHGtargets.ThegoalofthisAddendumistoprovidespecificguidancetotheinternationalaluminiumindustryandstakeholdersonthefollowingareas:1.Emissionsources;2.Definitions;3.MethodologiesformeasuringandcalculatingGHGemissions;4.Inventoryboundaries;5.BestpracticesinGHGmeasurementandreporting.It covers carbon dioxide and perfluorocarbon(PFC)emissions resulting from primaryaluminiumproductionandsupportingprocesses.Emissionsfromthecombustionoffossilfuelsassociatedwiththeproductionofelectricity,primaryaluminiumproduction,bauxitemining,bauxiteorerefining,andaluminiumproductionfromrecycledsourcesarecoveredin the WRI/WBCSD Calculation Tool for Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion,version2.0.ii.Theintentofthisguidanceistohelpachievereliable,consistentandtransparentcalculationandreportingofGHGsthroughoutthealuminiumsector.Thiswillbenefitinternalandexternalstakeholdersalike.ThemethodologiesoutlinedhereinconstituteastandardforTheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page6of65International Aluminium Institute thealuminiumindustry.Whenusingthisstandardforreporting,anydeviationsshouldbeclearlynoted.Specific examples of aluminium industry emissions calculations are provided to supportclarityandconsistencyinthepreparationandmaintenanceofGHGinventoriesandreports.This document has been prepared with the support and approval of the IAI Board ofDirectorsactingonbehalfofitsMemberCompanies.Anumberofgroupshavebeengiventhe opportunity to comment and contribute to the enclosed document,including theWBCSDandWRI,whichendorsethisAddendum.ThisAddendumwillbeupdatedbytheIAIasnecessary,toremainconsistentwithchangesmadetotheGHGProtocolandwithfurtherdevelopmentswithintheindustry,withanupdateonorbefore2010.TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page7of65International Aluminium Institute Section1GHGAccountingandReportingPrinciplesThisAddendumacceptsandendorsestheviewoutlinedintheGHGProtocol,thatGHGaccountingandreportingbythealuminiumindustryshouldbebasedontheprinciplesofrelevance,completeness,consistency,transparencyandaccuracy.Section2BusinessGoalsandInventoryDesignImproving understanding of individual companies GHG emissions,by compiling a GHGinventory,makes good business sense.As articulated in the GHG Protocol,the fivecategoriesofbusinessgoalsmostfrequentlylistedbycompaniesasreasonsforcompilingaGHGinventoryare:1.GHGriskmanagementandtheidentificationofreductionopportunities;2.Publicreportingandparticipationinvoluntaryinitiatives;3.Participationinmandatoryreportingprogrammes;4.ParticipationinGHGmarkets;5.Recognitionforearlyvoluntaryaction.Section3SettingOrganizationalBoundariesConsistentwiththeGHGProtocol,emissionsinformationshouldbecollectedandreportedinatransparentmannerusingeitherthecontrolapproach,theequityshareapproach,orbothapproachesinparallel.Equityshareisdefinedasthepercentageofownershiporeconomicinterestinanoperation.TheequityapproachincreasestheusabilityofGHGinformationfordifferentusersandaims,asfaraspossible,tomirrortheapproachadoptedbyfinancialaccountingandreportingstandards.Thecontrolapproachprovidesasimplewaytomakesurethatallemissionsareaccountedforandmirrortheagreedmanagementresponsibilityforoperations.Underthecontrolapproach,acompanyaccountsfor100percent of the GHG emissions from operations over which it has control.It does notaccountforGHGemissionsfromoperationsinwhichitownsaninterestbuthasnocontrol.Controlcanbedefinedineitherfinancial(theabilitytodirectthefinancialandoperatingpoliciesofanoperationwithaviewtogainingeconomicbenefitsfromitsactivities)oroperational(the full authority to introduce and implement operating policies at theoperation)terms.Companiesinvolvedinpartiallyownedfacilitiesorjointoperationsmayhaveagreementsthatspecifyhowtheownershipofemissionsortheresponsibilityformanagingemissionsand associated risk is distributed between the parties.Where such agreements exist,companiesmayoptionallyprovideadescriptionoftheagreementsandincludeinformationonallocationofGHGrelatedrisksandobligations.TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page8of65International Aluminium Institute Section4SettingOperationalBoundariesTheGHGProtocolintroducesandexplainstheconceptof“Scope”.ConsistentwiththeGHGProtocol,thisAddendumrequiresthataluminiumcompaniesaccountforandreportScope1andScope2emissions.ItshouldalsobenotedthatitisoptionalforcompaniestoaccountforandreportScope3emissions.Scope12and3emissionsshouldallbekeptseparateduringtheaccountingandreportingprocess.Scope1emissionsaccountforGHGemissionsfromsourcesthatareownedorcontrolledbythereportingcompany.Thesearealsoknownasdirectemissionsandinclude:1.Emissionsfromfuelcombustionfortheproductionofelectricity,heatorsteam;2.Emissionsfromphysicalorchemicalprocessing;3.Emissions from transportation of materials,products,waste,and employees incompanyowned/controlledtransportationequipment;4.Fugitiveemissions(e.g.intentionalorunintentionalreleasessuchasequipmentleaksfromjointsandseals,mines,andelectricalswitchgear).ExamplesofScope1emissionssourcesforthealuminiumsectorinclude:1.FuelCombustioninFurnaces/Boilers2.CokeCalcination;3.AnodeProduction;4.AnodeConsumption;5.PFCEmissions;6.LimeProduction.Emissions attributable to the generation of electricity,heat or steam by the reportingcompany,butthenexported/soldshouldbereportedasScope1.Scope2emissionsaccountforGHGemissionsfromtheconsumptionofimported/purchasedelectricity,heat,orsteam.Theseareknownasindirectemissions,becausetheyareaconsequenceofthereportingcompany,butoccuratsourcesownedorcontrolledbyanothercompany.Emissionsattributabletoimported/purchasedelectricity,heat,or steam that is resold to endusers should be reported as Scope 3 emissions.Emissionsattributabletoimported/purchasedelectricity,heat,orsteamthatisresoldtointermediariesshouldbereportedseparatelyassupportinginformation.Toincreasedatatransparency,emissionsdataassociatedwithScope1activitiesshouldnotbesubtractedfromornettedagainstemissionsdatafromScope2activities.Scope 3 emissions account for all other indirect emissions.Companies may considerreportingemissionsfromScope3activitiesthatareimportanttotheirbusinessandgoalsandforwhichtheyhavereliableinformation.ExamplesofScope3emissionsinclude:1.Emissionsfromproductionofpurchasedmaterials;TheAluminiumSectorGreenhouseGasProtocol(October2006)Page9of65International Aluminium Institute 2.Emissionsfromtransportationinvehiclesnotownedorcontrolledbythereportingcompany;3.Emissionsfromoutsourcedactivities,contractmanufacturing,andfranchises;4.Emissionsfromtheuseandendoflifephasesofproductsandservicesproducedbythereportingcompany.AsanexampleoftheScope3emissionsimpactofsubstitutingaluminiumforhigherdensity,traditionalmaterials,calculationshaveshownthatthereisthepotentialtosaveover20kilograms of CO2 equivalents per kilogram of additional aluminium products used inautomotives,throughenhancedvehiclefuelefficiency.iiiSection5TrackingEmissionsOverTimeThisAddendumrecommendssettingahistoricperformancedatumforcomparisonovertime,basedon1990asthebaseyear,ifverifiableemissionsdataisavailabletosupportsuchbaseyearemissions.Ifverifiableemissionsdataisnotavailabletosupport1990asthebaseyear,thencompaniesshouldestablishtheearliestverifiableemissionsafter1990torepresentthebaseyear.Thefollowingsituations,asstipulatedintheGHGProtocol,shalltriggerarecalculationofbaseyearemissions.1.Structuralchangesthathaveasignificantimpactonthecompanysbaseyearemissions.Astructuralchangeinvolvesthetransferofownershiporcontrolofemissionsgeneratingactivitiesoroperationsfromonecompanytoanother.Whileasinglestructuralchangemightnothaveasignificantimpactonthebaseyearemissions,thecumulativeeffectofanumberofminorstructuralchangescanresultinasignificantimpact.Structuralchangesinclude:Mergers,acquisitions,anddivestments;Outsourcingandinsourcingofemittingactivities;2.Changesincalculationmethodologyorimprovementsintheaccuracyofemissionfactorsoractivitydatathatresultinasignificantimpactonthebaseyearemissionsdata.3.Discoveryofsignificanterrors,oranumberofcumulativeerrors,thatarecollectivelysignificant.Baseyearemissionsandanyhistoricdataarenotrecalculatedfororganicgrowthordecline.Organicgrowth/declinereferstoincreasesordecreasesinproductionoutput,changesinproductmix,andclosuresandopeningsofoperatingunitsthatareownedorcontrolledbythecompany.Thefollowingaregeneralexamples.Specificsituationsmayresul
