英语新闻标题的汉译,英语论文.docx

英语新闻标题的汉译,英语论文标题，新闻的眼睛。在人们的日常生活中，看报纸往往是先看标题够不够吸引你的眼球，再看新闻的详细内容。尤其是当代社会，由于时间的难得珍贵性，人们往往希望用最短的时间了解自个感兴趣的话题以及今天又发生了什么。固然也受字体版式等影响，但毫无疑问标题才是重中之重。新闻本身就有简短精炼的特点，所以标题的要求也就越高。随着时代的发展，人们已经不知足于只看国内新闻报道了，也开场关注国外的报道，如人们熟知的 VOA、CNN、BBC等。由于就一样的事情，角度不一，得到的结论也就不一，客观性更强。本论文将主要关注的是英语新闻标题的翻译，主要关注语法特点和修辞特点。根据其主要传播途径能够分为网络新闻，电视新闻，广播新闻以及报刊新闻，本文将主要网络新闻和报刊新闻。根据不同类型的新闻特点，翻译时能够采用不同的手段以到达最出彩的效果。本论文将通过分析、比拟、讨论不同类型的新闻标题的翻译技巧和特点。固然前人已经在语体特色和翻译策略方面有所研究，但还有研究的空间。 本文关键词语：新闻英语标题；翻译；特点 Translation on Different Forms of English News Headline ABSTRACT Headline is the eye of news. When people read news in their daily life, theyusually read the headline first to see whether it is attracting or not, then read the wholepassage. With the development of society, time becomes more and more precious. People all want to spend the least time doing the most things, the same is true ofreading news. What they want to do most is know what is happening today and readtheir interesting subjects. Headline is the most important part of news though there aresome other parts like fonts and plate. The news itself is a short feature refined, so therequirement of the headline is higher. With the development of the times, people havebeen not satisfied with only reading the domestic news reports, and begun to paychose attention to foreign reports, such as the well-known VOA, CNN, BBC and soon. From different point of views, different conclusions will be drawn for the samething, so the reports about news will be more objective. This paper will focus on thetranslation of English news headline, featuring grammatical and rhetoricalcharacteristics. According to their main mode of transmission, news can be dividedinto network news and newspaper news. In accordance with the features of differentforms, the translation will adopt different means to achieve the most ideal effects. This paper will discuss the translation skills and characteristics of different types ofnews headlines by analysis and comparison. Though researches about stylisticfeatures of news headline and its translation strategies have been done before, there isstill some room for further study. Key words: English news headline; translation; characteristic TABLE OF CONTENTS 内容摘要 ABSTRACT Chapter One Introduction Chapter Two General Characters of Headline 2.1Definition of headline 2.2Characters of headline 2.2.1Phraseology 2.2.2Grammar 2.3Functions of headline 2.3.1 Pragmatic function and aestheticfunction Chapter Three Strategies and Skills of Translation 3.1Standards of the translation of English newsheadline 3.1.1Dissemination of results-oriented 3.1.2 Understandability 3.1.3Audience differentiated 3.2Translation of English news headline 3.2.1Literal or basic interpretation 3.2.2Free translation 3.3Translation balance approach 3.3.1Addition 3.3.2Omission 3.3.3 Maintaining the original form of expression 3.3.4Chinese style Chapter Four Conclusion REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Chapter One Introduction Generally speaking, news consists of headline, lead, body, background, andconclusion. Headline is an integral part of news. When opening a piece of newspaper,what readers see first is the layout, and the headline on the layout is what attractsthem at first glance. A good headline itself is a short piece of short news. Withdramatic development of China s reform and opening-up, especially in the newcentury, more and more foreign language learners become interested in reading andtranslating foreign news into Chinese. Among a variety of human languages, Englishis generally considered as the main communicative tool in the course of increasinglycommercial activities among different countries. Gradually, it is regarded as aninternational commercial language. To successfully gain access to the internationalmarket, countries are frequently forced to confront problems as how to write andtranslate English news headline precisely. As English plays a significant role in theirdaily life, more and more people participate in English training institutions. The bestway to learn a language is to read the original book, while due to the length of a book,newspaper is a more suitable choice. Today, in the face of the era of informationexplosion, translation has become an integral part of the hot area in media business. With the increasing international exchanges, readers have a more open and broadperspective on the information about the world. News media reports the world s latestevents accurately and promptly but it is impossible for everyone to grasp two or morelanguages, so there will be an obstacle in obtaining other countries information. Therefore, translation probably is the best medium to help alleviate this obstacle. Translating is a great task in which people not only certify their ability but also play arole in deciphering information correctly thus saving readers time. Some recent studies have shed light on the translation of English news headline. Zhang Jian, in his book Journalistic English: Style and Analysis put forward somefindings on the style of English news headline. Later, in his book A Course inJournalism Translation, he focused on the definition and skills of translation ofEnglish news headline. And when criteria and definition of translation are mentioned,Eugene Nida s theory can not be ignored. He said translating consists in producing inthe receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first interms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style (Nida, Eugene A. Taber. 1982. The Theory and the Practice of Translation C:12). And he also said, Translating isfar more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactorytranslation is always an art (Nida, Eugene A. Taber. 1982. The Theory and thePractice of Translation C:132). Above all, it is necessary to deepen the study oftranslation of English news headline. This paper talks about the translation of English news headline mainly fromthe gramma and phraseology point of view. Through analyzing living examples fromvarious sources, the findings show that English news headline enjoys phraseologyfeatures like midget words, vogue words and distinctive grammatical features in voice,tense, omission and punctuation, making it stand out in relief against general English. Starting from the second chapter, general ideas of headline are touched upon. Thethird chapter is the core of this whole paper, and relevant translating strategies will beintroduced. Construction and transcription are the most commonly used methods. Inthe end, a conclusion is drawn in the fourth chapter. Chapter Two General Characters of Headline People may skim the content of news because of the length, but they will readthe headline carefully. So the vital importance of headline is self-evident. It is wellknown that news has its outstanding characters, so does the headline. To have a clearidea of translation of headline, questions on its definition, characters and functionsshould be dealt with in the first place. 2.1Definition of headline The headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature ofthe article below it. It is sometimes termed a news hed, a deliberate misspelling thatdates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that awritten note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type. 2.2Characters of headline English News headline is the centralization and summary of news and the eye ofnews. It concentrates on the most important and noteworthy news content withconcise text. Reading the headline is the first step in reading English newspapers. However, due to the special nature of news, English news headlines have a uniquelanguage during its long-term development. Plenty of examples are cited to showsome news characters to readers of English newspapers. The characters of headlinecan be concluded in two parts, that is phraseology and grammar. 2.2.1Phraseology Whatever the style, headline has its own unique language features. In order toproduce better translations, the first thing translators should do is to grasp languagefeatures of news headlines. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of phraseologiesin English news headline: midget words, vogue words, initials and shortened words. First, headline generally emphasizes the dapper, precise and, vivid words, less ornever uses meaning less vague and abstract concept of the word. When they want toexpress the verbal meaning of destroy or damage , people generally does not usethe word damage in headline, instead, they adopt some simple words, like hit, hurt,harm, ruin or wreck. Another example is the concept that the verb means abandon . People generally use drop, give up, quit, skip, or yield instead of abandon . Whileexpressing the verb meaning of explosion, people use such verbs as blast, crash, ram,or smash are adopted rather than the verb explode . Here are other examples, aid-help or assist, ban-prohibit or forbid, name-appoint or elect or nominate, kill-murder,nab-arrest. Second, New is the life of news, but also the life of news language. It isdetermined by the nature of news. News reports put an eye-opener to the times, withall the new things, new phenomena, new ideas, new wave propagation throughvarious media to a wide audience. First, the headline is reflected on the news. News ofthe vogue words in English are too numerous to cite, for example: newsca is the wordfrom news and broadcast, slanguage comes from slang and language andReaganomics means Reagan s economics. Third, English news headlines for the pursuit of numbers always haveabbreviations, in which name of common things, jobs and other things are concluded. Here are some examples, APEC=Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation WTO=WorldTrade Organization, TOEFT=Test of English as a Foreign Language, PR=publicrelation, DJ=disk jockey, VIP=the very important person, CEO=Chief ExecutiveOfficer. Last, translators should decrease the numbers of the headline, in which some areinerratic and some are not. Here are the examples: ad-advertisement, biz-business,auto-automobile, cello-violoncello, quake-earthquake, wig-periwig, flu-influenza, tec-detective, vic-convict. 2.2.2Grammar The original headline is a complete sentence, but produces a concise result, thushighlighting the important content. The headline often deletes or omits some of thegrammatical words, such as articles, conjunctions, and verbs. 2.2.2.1Omission In general, there are three kinds of omission: omission of article, conjunction andparticle. Omission has three purposes: first, to use the original headline less asfunctional words, pronouns, verbs, etc; second, to highlight the key information; thirdis to meet the Chinese implicit features. Here are some examples, China sees housingas engine to drive economy , Australia treading a fine line between US, China and Moscow s food prices/soaring . In the examples the fist one omits the article the ,the second one omits the conjunction word and and the third one omits the particleword are . 2.2.2.2. Tenses News in English is widely used in the present tense, giving readers a fresh baked,vivid and colorful feeling. English headlines do not use past tense but present tense,thus readers feel they are in the situation and the news is in time, which is calledJournalistic Present Tense.There are three common verbs in headlines of English form: past tense, future tense and the present progressive tense. First, under normal circumstances, the news media coverage is mostly aboutwhat has happened, but the verb often used in the headline is still the general shape,not only for saving the space but more importantly for enhancing the freshness andimmediacy of the headline. Here is the example, Hu urges efforts to create greaterharmony , which means that Hu Jintao has made efforts to create harmony in the pasttime. Second, the expressions of future tense generally will use the will + verbprototype , but more often is the be + verb irregular , in which be is usuallyomitted before the infinitive in order to save the space. Therefore, the infinitive in theEnglish headline of the next action can express the meaning directly. Here are twoexamples, first is Robot nurses will assist sick and elderly-magazine and second is Project to tackle heavy-metal pollution . The first one is the normal expression whilethe second one is the style just mentioned above. Third, for what is happening or action, the headline usually uses the form be +present participle , in which be is often omitted. The English news headlines candirectly express the ongoing actions or events that are taking place. Here are theexamples, Overseas talent losing pay edge and New Web Sites Seeking Profit inWiki Model , both of which omitted the verb. 2.2.2.3Voices Readers who are familiar with English newspaper will find that the active voicein headline is used much frequent than the passive voice. Even when readers use thepassive voice, be is often omitted for the need of shortness, leaving only the pastparticiple. They do not use by to elicit action executor. Here is the example, Identities of hijack suspects released which means the identities of the hijacksuspects are released. 2.3Functions of headline Except for the prompt function that general title has, the news headline also hasthe conclusion function, which summarizing the main content of the news. For it willhelp the audience to accept the subject and to grasp the news. A good headline shouldbe concise; it is like a pair of piercing eyes, and expressively plays the role inattracting readers. In order to remain invincible in the competition, the newspapersalways do everything possible to highlight the news headlines, and strive to not onlyconvey its ideas but also make an eye-catching. The functions will be concluded intwo areas. 2.3.1 Pragmatic function and aesthetic function An English newspaper has at least four layouts, but actually readers have timelimitation so they can t read newspaper from beginning to end like reading novels. When reading a piece of newspaper, people always want to find out the daily hot topicand the content of personal interest. At this moment, headline can be an ideal guardfor it summarizes and centralizes the news content and uses easy and attractingwords to concentrate on the most valuable information. When reading the headline,readers can choose the content they like to read quickly. For layout of headline is the eye and the newspaper will be intensely darkwithout the headline. If a newspaper only has articles and words without any obvioussegmentation, how ter